氧化铟基纳米催化剂用于二氧化碳选择性加氢的研究进展

二氧化碳选择性加氢反应不仅能减少二氧化碳排放, 而且能够制备多种含碳产物, 可以作为生产高附加价值化学品与燃料的平台化合物. 然而, 由于二氧化碳的高化学惰性、 碳-碳偶联过程的高能垒和诸多的竞争反应, 开发高效的纳米催化剂以促进二氧化碳的活化并转化为多样性的产物显得至关重要. 最近, 基于氧化铟的纳米催化剂在催化二氧化碳加氢方面受到广泛关注, 主要由于其成本低廉, 且具有丰富的氧缺陷位点, 可有效吸附并活化二氧化碳和氢气. 为深入了解反应机理并设计更高性能的潜在纳米催化剂, 需对氧化铟基纳米催化剂在二氧化碳加氢方面的研究进展进行总结. 本综述首先总结了不同晶型的氧化铟及其与金属氧化物或金属纳米粒子形成的复合催化剂用于催化二氧化碳选择性加氢制备C1产物的性能. 随后, 探讨了氧化铟与不同类型的沸石的复合物用于催化二氧化碳加氢制备C₂₊产物的性能. 最后, 提出了目前氧化铟基纳米催化剂在催化二氧化碳选择性加氢方面存在的挑战和未来的发展方向. 希望本文能够为设计具有高活性、 高选择性和高稳定性催化二氧化碳加氢的新型氧化铟基纳米催化剂提供一些思路.     

氧化铟基纳米催化剂用于二氧化碳选择性加氢的研究进展（英文）

二氧化碳选择性加氢反应不仅能减少二氧化碳排放,而且能够制备多种含碳产物,可以作为生产高附加价值化学品与燃料的平台化合物.然而,由于二氧化碳的高化学惰性、碳-碳偶联过程的高能垒和诸多的竞争反应,开发高效的纳米催化剂以促进二氧化碳的活化并转化为多样性的产物显得至关重要.最近,基于氧化铟的纳米催化剂在催化二氧化碳加氢方面受到广泛关注,主要由于其成本低廉,且具有丰富的氧缺陷位点,可有效吸附并活化二氧化碳和氢气.为深入了解反应机理并设计更高性能的潜在纳米催化剂,需对氧化铟基纳米催化剂在二氧化碳加氢方面的研究进展进行总结.本综述首先总结了不同晶型的氧化铟及其与金属氧化物或金属纳米粒子形成的复合催化剂用于催化二氧化碳选择性加氢制备C1产物的性能.随后,探讨了氧化铟与不同类型的沸石的复合物用于催化二氧化碳加氢制备C_(2+)产物的性能.最后,提出了目前氧化铟基纳米催化剂在催化二氧化碳选择性加氢方面存在的挑战和未来的发展方向.希望本文能够为设计具有高活性、高选择性和高稳定性催化二氧化碳加氢的新型氧化铟基纳米催化剂提供一些思路.     

多相催化剂催化二氧化碳加氢合成甲醇的研究进展

近年来, 随着空气中二氧化碳含量的不断升高, 二氧化碳的催化转化在科研界和工业界受到了广泛关注. 非均相催化的二氧化碳加氢合成甲醇是实现二氧化碳资源化利用的重要手段之一, 具有良好的应用前景. 本文系统概述了非均相催化二氧化碳加氢合成甲醇反应的近期研究进展, 重点介绍了金属催化剂和金属氧化物催化剂, 对反应机理进行了阐述, 并对该领域仍待解决的问题和发展前景进行了展望.     

CO2催化加氢甲烷化负载型铁催化剂性能的研究

二氧化碳;CO2催化加氢甲烷化负载型铁催化剂性能的研究     

Ru／ZrO2作用下的二氧化碳甲烷化催化反应机理

二氧化碳是地球上储量最大的碳源之一。随着石油资源的日益枯竭,加之向大气中大量排放二氧化碳所引起的严重的生态环境等问题,二氧化碳的转化和应用研究日见活跃,其中二氧化碳的催化加氢甲烷化由于具有明确的应用前景而倍受关注,对其催化反应机理的研究也逐渐展开［1］。在早期工作中,研究者一般认为二氧化碳并未在催化剂表面吸附,而是经气相还原生成一氧化碳,然后再进一步加氢而得到甲烷,这些看法因缺少直接证据并与实验事实相悖而缺乏说服力［2］。     

超临界二氧化碳介质中的过渡金属催化反应

主要综述了以超临界二氧化碳作为反应介质的过渡金属催化加氢、羰基化、Heck和Stille反应的最新研究进展。     

光照和加热条件下Pt/TiO_2催化二氧化碳加氢(英文)

浸渍法制备了Pt负载量为0.5 to 2%的Pt/TiO2催化剂,考察它们在光照和加热条件下二氧化碳催化加氢性能.结果表明,二氧化碳加氢反应均可在Pt/TiO2的催化下进行,但在不同反应条件下加氢反应通过不同方式进行.在加热条件下,二氧化碳可转化为一氧化碳和甲烷,且在低温加热条件下一氧化碳是主产物(CO选择性为100%,250℃,0.5%Pt/TiO2).在1.5%Pt/TiO2催化剂上,当反应温度从250℃升高到450℃时,CH4的选择性由0增加到60.94%.同时,增加Pt的负载量也会导致CH4的选择性的增加.然而,在光照条件下,产物只有甲烷.CO2-TPD结果表明,二氧化碳通过羰基基团与作为吸附中心的Pt相连接.结合催化活性与表征结果,提出在光照条件下,反应可能以二氧化碳和氢气分别被光生电子活化反应生成甲酸中间体,随后经由甲酸加氢和脱水生成甲烷的机理进行.而在加热条件下,反应可能以二氧化碳首先吸附在催化剂表面形成羰基Pt物种,随后加氢生成一氧化碳,一氧化碳继续加氢生成甲烷的机理进行.     

The photocatalytic and thermal catalytic reduction of CO2 with H2 over Pt/TiO2 catalysts

浸渍法制备了Pt负载量为0.5 to 2%的Pt/TiO2催化剂,考察它们在光照和加热条件下二氧化碳催化加氢性能.结果表明,二氧化碳加氢反应均可在Pt/TiO2的催化下进行,但在不同反应条件下加氢反应通过不同方式进行.在加热条件下,二氧化碳可转化为一氧化碳和甲烷,且在低温加热条件下一氧化碳是主产物(CO选择性为100%,250℃,0.5%Pt/TiO2).在1.5%Pt/TiO2催化剂上,当反应温度从250℃升高到450℃时,CH4的选择性由0增加到60.94%.同时,增加Pt的负载量也会导致CH4的选择性的增加.然而,在光照条件下,产物只有甲烷.CO2-TPD结果表明,二氧化碳通过羰基基团与作为吸附中心的Pt相连接.结合催化活性与表征结果,提出在光照条件下,反应可能以二氧化碳和氢气分别被光生电子活化反应生成甲酸中间体,随后经由甲酸加氢和脱水生成甲烷的机理进行.而在加热条件下,反应可能以二氧化碳首先吸附在催化剂表面形成羰基Pt物种,随后加氢生成一氧化碳,一氧化碳继续加氢生成甲烷的机理进行.     

CO2加氢直接制取二甲醚的研究

ＣＯ２加氢直接制取二甲醚的研究葛庆杰黄友梅１）邱凤炎李树本（中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所兰州７３００００）关键词二氧化碳催化加氢二甲醚铜催化剂分类号Ｏ６４３．３２二氧化碳在地球上含量极丰富，且随着工业的发展而日益增长．同时二氧化碳含量的日益增多，会加...     

钌催化二氧化碳加氢合成甲酸的研究

钌催化二氧化碳加氢合成甲酸的研究张俊忠，李忠，王辉，王常有（太原工业大学煤化所Ｃ１室，太原０３００２４）关键词ＣＯ_２催化加氢，甲酸合成，钌络合催化剂１．前言由于ＣＯ２对环境、气候和生态等方面带来愈加恶劣的影响以及碳资源的日益短缺，近年来对ＣＯ２开发?..     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.