谈化学教育硕士研究生培养问题

本文研讨了化学教育两类硕士研究生的培养问题;对教育硕士专业学位（学科教学·化学）工作提出了某些实施构想。     

我国化学教育类硕士的TPACK现状调查与分析

为在宏观上了解化学教育类硕士是否具有进行有效技术整合所必需的知识,基于TPACK提供的知识框架,对我国230名化学教育类硕士的TPACK水平及影响因素进行调查。结果表明,化学教育类硕士TPACK呈中等偏上水平;学术型硕士的TPACK水平高于专业型硕士;学习经历和实践经历对TPACK各要素有不同程度的影响;学习能力对TPACK的发展无显著影响;TPK、TCK和CK是影响TPACK发展的主要因素。在此基础上,提出了提升TPACK水平的相关策略。     

化学专业研究生学术诚信建立的探究

针对研究生学术诚信的建立,使用质性研究方法,研究了6所一流高校化学专业的10个课题组,采用开放式访谈交流、参与式观察和实地记录等方法,深入调查了研究生学术诚信缺失的表现、原因和对策。研究发现社会不良风气、学校制度的压力和刺激、导师管理的有限性以及研究生自身问题是导致学术失信的主要原因;课题组导师使用了重复验证、附原始数据和共同完成实验的方法有效地防范了研究生学术失信行为,建立了学术诚信的观念和习惯。研究表明虽然研究生存在学术失信的可能性,但是通过采取一定的措施能够防范学术失信行为,并建立研究生的学术诚信。本研究结果可以为化学专业等实验学科的学术诚信的建立提供有用的借鉴和启发。     

化学专业学术型硕士研究生培养与本科科研训练有效衔接的探究

阐述了高水平学术型硕士研究生培养与本科科研体验衔接的基本情况,以化学专业为例,就学术型硕士培养与本科创新性科研实践的衔接模式进行了详细的剖析,指出2者的衔接有助于高层次、高科研水平与高创新能力的硕士研究生培养。     

全日制化学教育硕士综合素质的调查研究

在调研、访谈的基础上,设计全日制化学教育硕士综合素质调查问卷,以全国20多所高师院校2012级全日制化学教育硕士为对象进行调查研究,旨在深入了解化学教育硕士综合素质现状,发现存在的主要问题,分析可能的成因,提出一些建议,为教育硕士的培养提供借鉴。     

大学生的化学自我效能感对自我调节学习策略及学业成就的影响研究*

大学生的学业成就是衡量高等教育质量的重要因素之一。由社会认知理论、建构主义学习和人本主义学习理论可知,高校大学生的化学自我效能感应能促进自我调节学习策略的运用,对学业成就与综合素质提升具有积极效应,但仍需要进行验证。故本研究目的:探讨高校大学生的化学自我效能感对学业成就的影响性,并考察自我调节学习策略的中介作用。研究方法:采用大学生的化学自我效能感量表、自我调节学习策略量表、化学专业学业成就量表等工具,通过整群抽样的方式,对国内某高校的536名化学化工专业大学生进行问卷调查。研究结果显示:大学生的化学自我效能感与化学专业学业成就显著正相关;大学生的化学自我效能感与自我调节学习策略显著正相关;自我调节学习策略与化学专业学业成就显著正相关;自我调节学习策略在化学自我效能感与化学专业学业成就之间起部分中介效应。     

初中生化学符号学习能力的差异研究

化学符号知识是初中生化学学习启蒙阶段的关键内容,是学生进行一系列化学思维活动的基础。通过问卷调查、访谈等方法,对不同学业水平学生化学符号知识学习的差异及其原因进行了分析探讨。     

第二届全国化学教育硕士教学技能大赛决赛会议纪要

由中国教育学会化学教学专业委员会主办,安徽师范大学化学与材料科学学院承办的“第二届全国化学教育硕士教学技能大赛决赛”于2009年8月14日至16日在安徽省芜湖市举行。来自全国各地的75名化学教育硕士和10所高等院校的17位专家、教师参加了本次会议。大赛的举行对于展示近年化学教育专业硕士研究生的培养成果,交流培养经验,提高培养质量具有重要意义。     

中学生化学学业自我概念量表的编制

依据学业自我概念的理论, 借鉴国内有关学业自我概念量表, 编制出中学生化学学业自我概念量表。对量表统计分析后显示: 中学生化学学业自我概念包括4个因素, 即化学学业自信、化学学业能力自我认知、化学学业自我体验和化学学业自我调控。量表具有较好的信度和效度, 能较好地反映中学生化学学业自我概念的状况。     

全国化学教育硕士研究生培养专题研讨会 会议纪要

为了提高化学教育硕士专业学位的培养质量 ,总结现行培养方案和教学大纲实施中的经验和不足 ,根据全国教育硕士专业学位教育指导委员会“关于《教育硕士专业学位教学大纲》修订工作的几点意见”的精神 ,全国高师化学教育工作委员会于2 0 0 1年 3月 17日至 19日 ,在辽宁师范大学组织召开了“全国化学教育硕士研究生培养专题研讨会”。参加会议的有来自全国 2 2所高师院校的 35名代表。与会代表就化学教育硕士专业学位研究生的培养目标、课程设置、教学大纲修订、案例教学以及学位论文指导等方面进行了充分的研讨。认为现行培养方案和教学大纲…     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。