拉曼光谱法定量分析焦磷酸根离子的含量

应用拉曼光谱技术研究了焦磷酸钾、硝酸钾、磷酸二氢钾、乙二胺四乙酸钠等十余种可溶性盐水溶液以及它们的混合物溶液的拉曼光谱特征,考察了共存组分对焦磷酸根拉曼光谱特征峰的影响;建立了基于拉曼光谱技术定量分析溶液中焦磷酸根离子含量的方法。结果表明,以硝酸钾为内标物,保持被测溶液pH 11,焦磷酸根离子拉曼光谱特征峰强度与硝酸根离子拉曼光谱特征峰强度之比值对焦磷酸根浓度呈良好的线性关系,所得线性回归方程为y=1.2110x+0.1515,相关系数R2=0.9996;已经研究过的十余种可溶性盐共存物几乎不干扰焦磷酸根离子的定量分析。     

弱酸根离子与铜离子双水解反应的实验探究

从理论分析和实验探究的角度，对反应温度及浓度对Cu2+与弱酸根离子双水解反应的影响进行了讨论。实验结果表明：Cu2+能与CO32-、HCO3-、AlO2-等弱酸根离子发生双水解反应，但同时还可能伴随着其他反应的发生；HCO3-、AlO2-浓度的变化与双水解反应的速率以及生成物无太大关系，而随着CO32-浓度的减小，双水解反应会更加剧烈并倾向于生成Cu（OH）2沉淀。     

硝酸根、亚硝酸根和羟胺的脉冲极谱研究

有关硝酸根和亚硝酸根的脉冲极谱测定已有报导,还未见有羟胺的导数脉冲极谱研究报导。基于变价离子和高价阳离子存在下呈现平行于电极反应的极谱催化波和电催化波测定硝酸根和亚硝酸根已早有论述,但是同时呈现催化和电催化波的现象及其机理未见论述。作者发现了这一现象并进行了机理探讨。     

二维离子色谱法测定精己二酸中痕量硝酸根离子

建立二维离子色谱法测定精己二酸中痕量硝酸根离子含量的方法。第一维采用去离子水作为流动相,经过Ion Pac ICE–AS1色谱柱将精己二酸中的硝酸根离子和己二酸进行预分离,分离出来的硝酸根富集于Ion Pac TAC–ULP1浓缩柱上。以淋洗液发生器产生的不同质量浓度的氢氧化钾溶液作为淋洗液,将富集柱上的硝酸根淋洗下来,经第二维Ion Pac AS17–C色谱柱进行分离,以抑制型电导检测器测定硝酸根离子的含量。精己二酸中硝酸根离子的质量浓度在2.0~50.0μg/L范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好线性,线性相关系数r20.999,检出限为0.10μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1.5%(n=7),加标回收率为98.0%~105.0%。该方法操作简单,灵敏度、准确度高,选择性好,能够准确测定精己二酸中痕量硝酸根离子的含量。     

甲酸存在下硝酸根在二氧化钛表面光催化还原成氨

用甲酸作空穴清除剂,研究了ＴｉＯ２水悬浮体系中硝酸根光催化还原氨的反应。与草酸作空穴清除剂相比,甲酸加速硝酸根的还原更显著。研究了硝酸根和甲酸根的浓度效应及ｐＨ效应。实验结果表明,硝酸根在ＴｉＯ２表面的吸附是加附是加速该光催化还原反应的重要因素。     

双波长分光光度法同时测定溶液中的硝酸根和碘离子

食品和环境样品中往往同时含有硝酸根和碘离子,用紫外分光光度法直接测定硝酸根或碘离子时,二者相互干扰。为此建立了主、次波长分别为220.0、231.5 nm的等吸收点双波长紫外分光光度法测定溶液中的硝酸根和共存的碘离子。当溶液中硝酸根的浓度在0~0.12 mmol/L的范围内,碘离子的浓度在0~0.10 mmol/L的范围内时,主、次波长下的吸光度差值A220-231.5与溶液中硝酸根的浓度 呈良好线性关系,线性方程为A220-231.5 = 2.9958 0.0016（R2 = 0.99994）;其中A220 (NO3-) = 3.6099 0.0084（R2 = 0.99994）,利用吸光度的加和性：A220 (I-) = A220 - A220 (NO3-) = 10.7394 0.0029（R2 = 0.99994）,间接得到碘离子含量 。硝酸根和碘离子的平均相对标准偏差分别为0.6%、0.2%,回收率分别为99.5~102%、99.9~100%。方法简便快捷,可用于溶液中微量硝酸根和碘离子的同时测定。     

检验卤素离子时异常现象的探究

[问题由来]教材对卤素离子的检验只要求用稀硝酸,而没有规定具体的浓度,拿了1瓶浓硝酸取一定量稍微稀释了一下就去做实验,在实验中竟然出现异常现象.由此提出卤化银能否与浓硝酸反应的课题.     

离子色谱法测定饮用水中硝酸根离子的不确定度分析

对离子色谱法测定饮用水中硝酸根离子的不确定度进行了评定。结果表明,饮用水中硝酸根离子浓度为3.09mg/L,扩展不确定度为0.058mg/L,不确定度的主要来源包括拟合标准工作曲线产生的不确定度、标准储备溶液的制备过程带来的不确定度和仪器重复测量以及移液管使用带来的不确定度。     

一种鉴别硝酸根离子的简便方法

提供了一种简便的鉴别硝酸根离子的方法,即在氢氧化钠溶液中,用铝箔或铝粉还原硝酸根离子,可生成铵离子。加热溶液,可生成氨气。并对其氧化还原反应进行了初步探讨。     

2,4，6-三硝基甲苯的光催化降解

在模拟日光下利用Pt／TiO2光催化剂对水中2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT,梯恩梯）进行了光催化降解,在有催化剂存在时,TNT的破坏更快更彻底,其降解遵循一级反应动力学．TNT分子上的硝基部分转化为硝酸根离子和亚硝酸根离子．Pt／TiO2光催化剂加速了亚硝酸根离子向硝酸根离子的氧化,在2．5h内,终产物硝酸根离子的含量比没有催化剂时提高了32.3倍．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.