三种高中化学新教材（必修）的习题分析和教学建议

本文对人教版、苏教版、山东科技版三种高中化学教材(化学1、化学2)的各章节习题的类型做了归纳和对比,从习题形式、习题与课标的关联、习题功能等方面进行分析,表明了作者对高中化学新课标和新教材习题教学的几点建议。     

高中化学教材习题中生态文明教育内容选取与呈现的比较分析——以新3版必修教材为例

高中化学教材是学校开展生态文明教育不可或缺的重要载体,而习题又是教材的重要组成部分。以依据《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版)》编写的人教版、苏教版、鲁科版等普通高中化学必修教材为分析文本,比较分析3版教材习题中生态文明教育内容在内容选取、习题数量、习题类型、呈现形态、习题价值等方面所呈现的特点,以期为高中化学教师有效使用教材习题系统开展生态文明教育提供参考与借鉴。     

中澳化学教材中习题的比较研究*——以“金属”为例

以“金属”一章为例,对人教版高中化学教材和澳洲VCE课程的高中化学教材中习题进行比较研究,发现澳洲化学教材中的习题对学生的认知水平要求更高,能帮助学生进一步改变学习方式,更好地促进学生形成学科观念,加强学科思维训练,注意学科方法应用。     

中美化学教材习题情境创设的比较研究——以“化学反应原理”内容为例

以化学反应原理内容为例,对中国人教版高中化学教材和美国高中化学教材Chemistry:Conceptions and Application习题中的情境创设进行比较研究,发现2者在情境性习题的主题分布与占比、情境素材来源分布、问题与情境的融合度等方面存在明显差异。     

认真研读新课标科学使用新教材——氧化还原反应在4种高中化学教材中的编写特点比较与建议

对4种高中化学教材(旧人教版、新人教版、苏教版和山东科技版)的氧化还原反应内容在编排顺序、内容、设计思路、教学活动栏目以及课后习题等方面进行了比较分析,并依据高中新课标就教学难度把握与教法选择提出了建议.     

人教版高中化学新教材习题系统的分析及教学建议

新课标教材习题系统应包括课文习题与课后习题。高中化学新教材（人教版）习题系统与课文内容相互融合,体现科学探究,题型多样化,问题情境化,语言人性化。在化学教学中应转变观念,重视教材习题系统的教学功能;注重习题的情境性;加强习题的联系,重视变式训练。     

高中选修模块教材《实验化学》三种版本的比较分析

对人教版、山东科技版、苏教版3种高中化学选修模块教材《实验化学》的结构和内容做了归纳和对比,从教材编写线索、实验分类、学习栏目、插图、习题等几个方面进行比较分析,并提出了几点建议,以利于化学教师对新课标的理解及教材的选用。     

对高中化学教材农村题材缺失的思考

以新课改后人教版、苏教版、鲁科版的高中化学教材为研究对象。从计量学角度对教材中的背景资料、图片、课后习题进行统计、分析,结果显示教材出现明显的城市化倾向。为此应通过提高教材编研者的公平意识、教学中以学生生活经验为出发点、对教材进行二次开发、充分运用现代教育技术手段等途径对现行教材城市偏向进行矫正。     

基于思维地图构建高中化学习题解题模型

在对思维地图的由来、优势、基本类型以及所代表的思维活动等方面介绍的基础上,明确思维地图不仅可用于对知识的表征和组织,还可以对思维过程进行描述。以“有机合成题”和“溶液中离子浓度比较”为例,尝试运用思维地图建立高中化学习题的解题模型,以期待思维地图能给我国高中化学教师和高中生一些启发,为高中化学习题教学提供新思路。     

我国现行“鲁科版”高中化学教材研究现状分析

山东科学技术出版社出版的《普通高中课程标准实验教科书·化学》,即“鲁科版”高中化学教材已经在我国4个省实验区,就中学化学教师和研究者对该套教材的内容评价和使用情况进行了综述和分析,其中包括教材编排体系、教材难度广度评价、实验内容、教材“栏目”和插图设计以及习题的呈现等几个主题。结果表明大多数教师和研究者认可该套教材的编排体系和内容设计,不过实施中也出现了一些问题,例如教材内容涉及知识范围较宽,实验设计安全性还需加强,插图缺乏吸引力,习题难度较大等。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.