从南开化学衍生出来一个具有特色的奇葩——农药化学

热烈祝贺南开化学成立100周年！回顾百年来我校化学学科所历经各个历史时期的发展逐步从弱到强。建国初期百废待兴,当时面对蝗虫、稻飞虱、小麦锈病等诸多病虫灾害和疟疾、霍乱、鼠疫、寄生虫等流行病施虐,国内根本无药可防,束手无策。尤为重要的是国家的粮食生产是立国之本,悠悠万事、吃饭为大。当时杨石先校长率先带领一批有机化学青年义无反顾地投入到当时国家急需的农药开发中去,一方面当时国情急需,另一方面杨老发挥了独特的历史引领作用,更重要的是1956年毛泽东主席亲自到南开大学化学系视察刚自建的简陋农药车间,这样南开农药学科就应运而生了。为了满足国家的长远需要,南开化学培养了大批农药学科研究生并承担不少国家硬核攻关任务,在国内外产生了强烈反响。此文简单回顾了南开有机化学学科支持农药学科的崛起,交叉跨界、融合发展的历史。农药学科博大精深,提高了我们跨学科研究能力和通识教育的水平,她的发展反哺和丰富了有机化学的视野和研究范围,形成了有机化学走向生命科学领域中一个新的着力点。南开农药在半个世纪里形成了自己的鲜明特色,是南开化学执行中央“四个面向”科技方针比较成功的一个范例。现将此文敬献给曾全力以赴建立农药学科的先驱们,向他们的开拓精神与丰功伟绩致以最崇高的敬礼！     

南开化学正式迈入百年学科庆年

正2021年南开化学正式迈入百年学科庆之年,我们在此发布南开化学创建100周年纪念活动方案,敬请全球南开化学师生校友持续关注!南开化学学科创建100周年纪念活动以学术与交流、文化与科普、校友与发展等为主要内容,共分为历史足迹、科教报国、人才辈出、众志成城、化学之美和筑梦青春六大板块。     

南开化学的百年光辉岁月

正1919年,私立南开大学成立,建校伊始就设立了理科化学门。1921年,邱宗岳创建化学系,这是我国高校中成立的第二个化学系,标志着南开化学学科的正式建立。1923年,杨石先来到南开大学化学系任教,他与邱宗岳通力合作,为化学系的发展奠定了良好的基础。1932年,应用化学研究所成立,是当时国内著名的化学研究所之一,张克忠任所长。应用化学研究所与天津永利碱厂、黄海化学化工研究社、利中硫酸厂等密切合作,对天津市化学工业的发展做出了重要贡献,并形成了南开化学教育为国家经济建设服务的优良传统。     

隆重庆贺南开大学化学学科创建七十周年暨王积涛、申泮文、何炳林、陈茹玉、陈荣悌教授执教五十周年

1991年金秋10月,南开大学隆重举行了“化学学科创建七十周年及王积涛、申泮文、何炳林、陈茹玉、陈荣悌教授执教五十周年”庆祝活动。南开大学化学学科的前身——化学系创建于1921年,是当时继北京大学化学系之后,我国建立的第二个化学系,创建人是邱宗岳教授,在七十年的艰苦跋涉中,邱宗岳、杨石先、高振衡、张克忠、朱剑寒、陈天池等教授对化学学科的建设和发展倾注了毕生的精力。到抗日战争前夕,化学系已初具规模,初步形成了重视实验训练和治学严谨的学风。1937年“七·七”事变后,南开大学迁往昆明,与北京大学和清华大学合并成立了“国立西南联合大学”,杨石先教授被推举为化学系主任。由于杨石先教授和同仁们的努力,联大化学系培养出了一批又一批的人才。在当代化学家中,唐敖庆、邹承鲁、胡秉芳、申泮文、王积涛、何炳林、陈茹玉等都是西南联大化学系的毕业生。1946年南开大学复校天津旧址。在邱宗岳和杨石先教授的邀请下,高振衡与朱剑寒教授相继从美国回来,受聘于南开大学化学系。使南开大学化学系的师资力量得到提高。全国解放后,新中国日新月异的变化,极大地激发了在海外留学的年青学子的爱国心。1950年王积涛和陈天池教授先后学成回国,走上化学     

南开化学院——有志青年的选择

南开大学化学学科创建于1921年,1995年成立化学学院。化学学院设有3个系(化学系、材料化学系、化学生物学系),4个研究所(元素有机化学研究所、高分子化学研究所、新能源材料化学研究所、催化科学与工程研究所)、2个研究中心(分析科学研究中心、理论与计算化学中心),2个国家重点实验室(元素有机化学国家重点实验室、吸附分离功能高分子材料国家重点实验室),1个农药国家工程中心。化学学院涵盖化学、材料化学与物理、药学和植物保护4个一级学科,有8个二级学科具有博士学位授予权,其中3个是国家重点学科。南开化学院——有志青年的选择…     

南开大学化学本科拔尖人才培养模式探索与实践

南开大学化学学科从2009年起实施"基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划"。经过十年的探索和改革,取得了一些成绩。本文从培养目标、教学计划、科研创新能力培养、国际化等几个方面,分享南开化学拔尖人才培养模式的探索与实践。     

南开大学化学系简介

南开大学化学系简介南开大学位于我国北方最大的滨海现代化城市——天津，是国家教委直属重点综合大学。它创建于伟大的五四运动时期，至今已有７５年的历史，举世崇敬的周思来总理是南开大学第一期学生。南开大学化学系创建于１９２１年，著名化学家、已故名誉校长杨石先...     

化学之继往开来

唐有祺教授于1989年10月18日在南开大学建校70周年纪念会上做了题为<化学之继往开来>的报告,就化学学科的历史、现状和发展趋向简明扼要地进行了阐述,其中对化学学科范围、作用和前景的看法可谓真知灼见,本刊征得作者同意,全文刊出.     

吉林大学分析化学学科:薪火相传 服务社会

2022年是吉林大学化学学科创建70周年,分析化学作为吉林大学化学学科的重要分支学科始建于1952年。回顾了吉林大学分析化学学科的历史沿革和发展成就。一代代吉大分析化学人始终秉承“献身、创新、求实、协作”的科学精神,为国家培养了一大批优秀人才。谨以此文,敬献给为吉林大学分析化学学科发展做出贡献的校友和朋友们。     

中国化学会第四届无机化学讨论会隆重举行

中国化学会第四届无机化学讨论会由中国化学会和国家自然科学基金委员会发起、南开大学化学系和天津市化学会主办,于1992年9月10日至13日在北戴河国家教委职工活动中心举行。今年正值中国化学会成立60周年,配位化学创建100周年,讨论会显得格外隆重和热烈:共收到论文654篇,330多人出席,半数左右出席者是青年学者和研究生。美国固体化学家J.M.Honig     

充满生机和科学机遇的磷化学研究所

简要地综述了第十五届国际磷化学会议的报告内容，介绍了目前磷化学的主要 研究领域，包括不对称合成、配合化学，生物碱化学，药物化学，农业化学等相关 领域的研究动态及新进展。     

Novel arylpyridine‐based 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles: Synthesis,antibacterial, and anti‐inflammatory evaluation

In view of developing novel bioactive compounds, a series of 2‐(5‐[2‐methyl‐6‐arylpyridin‐3‐yl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐ylthio)‐1‐arylethanones (6a–n) were designed and synthesized in good yield. Novel compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities. All synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bascillus subtilis, Eschericia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Compounds 6a , 6b , 6c , 6h , and 6i displayed the highest antibacterial activity with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 6.25–12.5 μg/mL in comparison with the standard Ciprofloxacin. The results of anti‐inflammatory activity of carrageenan‐induced footpad edema assay indicated that tested compounds exhibited remarkable anti‐inflammatory activity with percentage of inhibition of 63.9–70.1% (potency 96.8–106.20% of indomethacin activity) after 3 hr. Particularly, 6c – e and 6j – l were found to be excellent inhibitors of inflammation, with potential higher than that of the standard, Indomethacin.     

Exploring recent developments on 1,2,4-triazole: Synthesis and biological applications

Triazoles are nitrogen-bearing heterocycles. In the last few decades, researchers have focused on fused heterocycles, as they have better pharmacological effect compared to triazoles alone. Among the two isomers of triazole, this article aims to explore the work carried out on 1,2,4-triazole and N-bridged heterocycles derived from 1,2,4-triazole in last 18 years, highlight different synthetic pathways, and present a brief summary of the different biological activities possessed by 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. The information collected in this article is expected to help researchers to discover novel therapeutic agents for better applications in the field of pharmaceutical science.     

Biologically inspired 3Fe4S cluster as structural mimics of FeMoco M-cluster

A 3Fe4S cluster related to M-cluster of Mo-nitrogenase is reported. [K(THF)₅][Fe₃(μ-bdt)₂(μ-PPh₂)(CO)₅] ( 1 ) is synthesized from photo-assisted structural rearrangement of [K(THF)₂][(μ,κ²-bdt)Fe₂(μ-PPh₂)(CO)₅] under visible light irradiation. The molecular structure of 1 consists of a Fe₃ core bearing one dithiolate bridge and the second dithiolate group capping onto the metallic plane. The structural motif of 1 is analogous to that of Mo-participated 3Fe4S unit in M-cluster of Mo-nitrogenase, with the similar Fe-Fe and Fe-S bond distances. Upon protonation in 193 K, a Fe-hydride species ( 1H ) is generated and characterized to possess the bridging hydride group (δ = −12.57 ppm) by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculation. In CH₃CN solution, complex 1 exhibits a reversible reduction and oxidation process at $E_{1/2}^{\mathrm{red}}$ = −1.94 V and $E_{1/2}^{\mathrm{ox}}$ = −0.18 V, respectively, at 273 K. The reduction behavior of 1 in CH₂Cl₂ solution at 243 K displays a slight modification in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, revealing a moderate anodic potential shift (~50 mV). The current amplitude of the reduction wave is linearly increased with the increasement of acid added, indicative of the catalytic event.     

Novel [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives embedded with benzimidazole moiety as potent antioxidants

Fourteen novel [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives bearing benzimidazole moiety ( 7a-n ) have been synthesized using the one-pot nitro reductive cyclization method. All the synthesized compounds were confirmed by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), ¹³C NMR, fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), mass spectrum, and elemental analyses. All the title compounds were subjected to in vitro antioxidant activity. The free radical scavenging activity of the compounds was examined using DPPH, nitric oxide, and superoxide radical scavenging methods. The results demonstrated that compound 3-(2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)-6-4-tolyl-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine ( 7c ) was potent in scavenging both DPPH and nitric oxide radical with IC₅₀ values of 13.57 and 18.55 μg/ml when compared to the standard with IC₅₀ values of 23.75 and 23.14 μg/ml, respectively, which was due to the presence of electron-donating groups. The activity was found to decline when electron-donating groups were replaced by electron-withdrawing groups. Moderate scavenging activity was observed for the superoxide radical. Structure activity relationship and physiochemical properties were studied for all the derivatives.     

Dual zinc catalysts for L‐lactide polymerization and reaction of CO2 with cyclohexene oxide

A series of zinc complexes, [ L ^X ZnEt] ( 1–5 ) and [ L ^X Zn ₂ (OAc) ₃ ] (6–9) , associated with NNO‐tridentate Schiff base ligands (2‐(((2‐((cyclohexyl[methyl]amino)methyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenolate (CAP) derivatives), were synthesized, and their activity toward ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of L‐lactide (LA) and the reaction of CO₂ with cyclohexene oxide were also investigated. All of [ L ^X ZnEt] revealed excellent catalytic activity to ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of LA in the presence of benzyl alcohol. Among them, [ L ^H ZnEt] (1) showed the highest activity with 82% conversation within 45 s. In contrast, [L ^X Zn ₂ (OAc) ₃ ] (6–9) were inactive in ROP of L‐lactide. In addition, all of these Zn complexes demonstrated moderate activity in the reaction of CO₂ with cyclohexene oxide in the presence of Bu₄NCl.     

环戊二烯类有机金属含硫族化学的新进展

本文系统地综述了环戊二烯类有机过渡金属含硫族(S, Se, Te) 化学领域的研究现状和进展。参考文献136 篇。     

化学学科的新视角及其在化学教育中的反映

传统化学以研究变化,关注变化前后的结果而著称。化学与其他学科,特别是生命科学的相互渗透使得化学的动态特征更加突出,化学学科格局也因之发生了变化。因此,化学需要新认识。     

Meeting the sustainable development goals in a tropical climate

This article reflects on the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS) Citation Award Lecture delivered in the Industrial Technology Research Institute Symposium on CO₂ Utilization and Green Technology during the 18th Asian Chemical Congress held in Taipei, December 12, 2019. Malaysia produces sizable amounts of palm oil and palm kernel oil, with palm fronds and tree trunks as the main waste. At the Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, the biomass was decomposed to produce fine chemicals, used as substrate for mushroom growth, and converted to bio-coke for heat energy. A notable difference has been found regarding the emission of greenhouse gases from a natural peat forest and those from the oil palm plantation converted from peatlands, where in the palm plantation, water table is lowered and aerobic processes occurs, resulting in more CO₂ being released compared to CH₄. The introduction of fertilizers to the plantation resulted in more N₂O being released. The team has also pioneered a project to plant temperate vegetables. Cooling pipes (16–18°C with circulating water cooled by chiller) were embedded within each thermal conditioning soil plot. Lettuce and radish, the experimental plants, showed good growth in the thermal conditioning soil due to nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which were destroyed at a higher temperature.     

The Chemistry of Protactinium

Protactinium exhibits an ambivalent chemical behavior. In non-aqueous solutions and in the solid state, both quadrivalent and quinquevalent protactinium has properties which characterize it as a typical actinide element. On the other hand, investigations in aqueous solution show quinquevalent protactinium to be a homologue of niobium and tantalum. It exhibits – except in hydrofluoric acid solutions – a marked tendency to undergo irreversible hydrolysis and condensation reactions, which leads to the situation that tracer amounts (ca. 10^?12 mole/l) and macroscopic amounts (10^?3–10^?6 mole/l) of protactinium often behave differently. Reduction with strong reducing agents gives aqueous solutions of Pa(IV), the properties of which again correspond in general to those of Th(IV) and show no relation to Nb(IV). Our knowledge of the chemical behavior of this rare radioelement has been advanced, in particular, by the production in 1958–1960 of 100 g of pure protactinium – the largest amount so far – from residues of the British production of uranium.