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“菠菜叶中色素的提取和分离”是大学有机化学实验课程的重要项目之一,但在教学中一直存在大量使用管制试剂、实验时间过长、实验步骤繁琐、分离效果不佳等问题。本文对菠菜叶色素分离的薄层色谱条件进行了系统探究,尝试采用了正己烷-无水乙醇、正己烷-正丁醇等多种试剂组合作为展开剂,实验结果表明最佳的展开剂是体积比为10.0:1.0的正己烷-无水乙醇。采用正己烷-无水乙醇、正己烷-正丁醇作为洗脱剂进行柱色谱分离实验,最终分别得到了以硅胶为固定相、正己烷-无水乙醇为洗脱剂的梯度洗脱方案以及以中性氧化铝为固定相、正己烷-正丁醇为洗脱剂的梯度洗脱方案。该实验方案使用更友好的试剂,试剂用量少,实验耗时短,分离效果好。 相似文献
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乙酸乙酯的水解实验是现行高中有机化学教学内容中的重要实验,教材中提出通过观察酯层消失的时间差异来判断水解速率的差别,在实际操作过程中实验效果并不理想。借助手持技术分别探究了乙酸乙酯在中性、酸性、碱性、不同温度条件下的水解速率情况,并借助相关知识理论分析了乙酸乙酯在酸性和碱性条件下水解速率的差异,旨在帮助教师和学生深度理解乙酸乙酯发生水解的条件及规律。 相似文献
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2019年人教版普通高中化学必修一新增了“检验食品中的铁元素”实验,按照该实验方案检测菠菜中的铁元素,由于色素干扰不能观察到明显的实验现象。鉴于此,采用提取液显色后的色度透过率作为评价指标,以控制变量法为实验方法,对常见含铁食品、铁元素提取方法、提取时间、提取剂中盐酸浓度和提取剂用量等条件进行了研究和优化。优化后的实验结果表明:采用2 g豆筋、20 mL浓度为4 mol/L的盐酸、破壁机搅拌提取5 min后的提取液显色,其色度值为62%,显示很明显的血红色。此实验方案能够有效证明食品中铁元素的存在,具有明显的实验现象,能应用于教师演示实验和学生分组实验。 相似文献
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针对“离子迁移”实验中实验现象不明显、实验操作难度大的问题。采用将CuSO4、K2CrO4与淀粉加工成热的糊状流体,趁热装入U型管,冷却后变成半固体的方法,解决了上述问题。并采用单因素实验法对淀粉的用量、CuSO4与K2CrO4混合物的用量(CuSO4与K2CrO4物质的量之比为1∶1)以及迁移电压等实验条件进行优化。优化后的实验结果显示,离子迁移后形成的区域颜色与半固体淀粉的颜色差别很大,便于学生远距离识别。该方法操作简单、现象明显,有利于一线教师的教学演示和学生的分组实验。 相似文献
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采用正交实验法探究析出“NaHCO3晶体”的外部因素“饱和碳酸钠溶液的体积”“实验温度”“试管内径”“二氧化碳的流速”,得出在课堂上析出NaHCO3晶体的最佳实验条件,实验耗时约5 min就能产生明显的白色浑浊。 相似文献
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Xiaofeng Zhu Bingcheng Lin Andreas Jakob Ulrich Epperlein Bernhard Koppenhoefer 《Journal of separation science》1999,22(8):449-453
Orthogonal design and uniform design were used for the optimization of separation of enantiomers using 2,6-di-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD) as a chiral selector by capillary zone electrophoresis. The concentration of DM-β-CD, buffer pH, running voltage, and capillary temperature were selected as variable parameters, their different effects on peak resolution were studied by the design methods. It was concluded that orthogonal design offers a rapid and efficient means for testing the importance of individual parameters and for determining the optimum operating conditions. However, for a large number of both factors and levels, uniform design is more efficient. The effect of addition of methanol and citric acid buffer on the separation of enantiomers was also examined. 相似文献
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设计了一个综合性化学实验——生物质的液化转化及其产物的分离分析。实验内容包括生物质(麦秆)的醇解液化;气/液/固产物的收集与分离,以及用气相色谱仪、气相质谱联用仪、红外光谱仪和热重分析仪等对产物成分与结构的检测与表征;液体产物(生物油)的萃取与柱层析分离,以提取苯乙酮、2,6-二甲氧基苯酚等高附加值化学品。该实验从社会能源现状出发,使学生的理论知识与实际应用相结合,可以激发学生对于新能源化学的兴趣;实验中涉及到多种分离纯化手段的运用和产物分析仪器的使用,提高了学生基本实验技能、动手操作能力和数据处理能力;同时鼓励学生进行知识拓展,进行创新方案设计。 相似文献
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M. Han D. Phan N. Nightlinger L. Taylor S. Jankhah B. Woodruff Z. Yates S. Freeman A. Guo A. Balland D. Pettit 《Chromatographia》2006,64(5-6):1-8
Capillary Electrophoresis-Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (CE-SDS) method with UV detection was developed and satisfactorily used for determination of purity and manufacturing consistency of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) at Amgen Inc. (Seattle, WA). When this method was applied to some other MAbs, several problems with method robustness became apparent. These issues resulted in abnormal Electropherogram (e-gram) profiles potentially linked to various parameters specific molecules analyzed, sample formulation buffer composition, CE-SDS gel matrix type, and operators. A multi-users interest group (called CE Users Forum) was formed to systematically investigate and understand these issues. The CE Users Forum first identified the issues which needed resolution, defined group experiments to better understand the problem and to test potential solutions, and together defined a generic (platform) CE-SDS method for MAbs. Two CE instruments, Agilent HP3DCE and Beckman PA 800, two CE-SDS gel matrices, BioRad and Beckman gels, as well as different types of MAbs in various buffers were used in this investigation. We present here a platform CE-SDS method for purity determination of MAbs. Method optimization and trouble-shooting procedures by the CE Users Forum played a key role in delivering a robust analytical method for characterization of antibodies by improving instrumental and experimental parameters such as instrument variability, instrument operating parameters, operator training, and reagent stability. The optimized CE-SDS method is used during process development and has been transferred to the quality control (QC) lab as a purity assay for lot release testing of therapeutic antibodies. Any trained analyst can successfully perform this method. A group such as the CE Users Forum is a good way to integrate best practices and solve technical issues in a cooperative environment.Presented at: CE in the Biotechnology & Pharmaceutical Industries: 7th Symposium on the Practical Applications for the Analysis of Proteins, Nucleotides and Small Molecules, Montreal, Canada, August 12–16, 2005 相似文献
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The chromatographic conditions for the separation of a complex set of flavonoids (aglycones and glycosides) by micellar liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection were optimized. A good separation for all analytes was obtained and satisfactory peak shapes were achieved by isocratic elution with Ultrasphere ODS column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The optimal mobile phase range for flavonoids separation is: SDS concentration between 0.014 and 0.018 mol L?1 and 1-propanol volume fraction between 2.2 and 4.5% (v/v) in a diluted (1:5) phosphate buffer solution pH 6.86. The flavonoids (robinin, rutin, hyperoside, quercitrin, liquroside, luteolin-7O-glucoside, apigenin-7O-glucoside, isosalipurposide, myricetin, fisetin, luteolin, apigenin, quercetin and caempferol) were successfully separated within 40 min with isocratic elution. The developed method is an alternative to reversed-phase LC in the assay of flavonoids in plants, plant extracts and plant extract containing drugs. 相似文献
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TheseparationofxyleneisomersusingGCisamuchdifficulttaskforalongtime,ontheotherhandtheyareveryimpoFtantindustrialmaterials,sofindingagoodstationaryphasehasbeenaninterestingwork.Anexcellentseparationofxyleneisomerswasobtainedbyusing2,6-di-O-pentyl-3-O... 相似文献