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水凝胶是一种三维网状亲水性高分子软材料,具有良好的固体力学和液体热力学性能,其自身柔软、可塑性强、生物相容性好,具有可降解性和刺激性响应特征。但传统方法制备的水凝胶有诸多缺陷,如有毒性、生物活性低、机械性能差等,使得其应用受限。本文综述了近10年来功能水凝胶制备与改性的主要研究进展及其应用现状,以多吸收位点和高机械强度等性能为主,重点阐述了国内外功能性水凝胶的最新制备方法,包括物理改性中的低分子复合材料交联与构建多重网络和化学改性中的接枝共聚等。详细介绍了该类功能材料在医药、生物、农业和食品等方面的应用现状与发展前景,特别关注了高效短时对外界环境微小变化具有响性的智能印迹水凝胶及其在检测领域的应用,为水凝胶的进一步开发和推广应用提供参考。 相似文献
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抗菌生物材料因其能够有效抑制细菌感染而被公认为是重要的抗生素替代品。其中抗菌水凝胶因制备工艺简单,结构多样,具有易负载和可控药物释放性、良好的生物相容性和抗菌性等多种特殊功能而受到越来越多的关注。壳聚糖及其衍生物具有高抗菌性、低毒性、生物相容性和降解性等优点被广泛用作抗菌水凝胶材料。本文根据壳聚糖基抗菌水凝胶的性能和抗菌机理,综述了近年来在固有抗菌水凝胶、光响应性抗菌水凝胶、荧光抗菌水凝胶、负载抗菌药物水凝胶和协同抗菌水凝胶等方面的研究进展,探讨了壳聚糖基抗菌水凝胶目前所面临的挑战,并对其未来发展作了展望。 相似文献
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水凝胶由于具有优越的保水性、良好的生物相容性和可降解性,被认为是最接近人体组织的生物医用材料。通过构建环境敏感水凝胶可以高度拟合生物组织的微环境,实现其在组织工程与再生医学领域的应用。由于光具有非物理接触和时空分辨等优势,利用光调控技术可实现水凝胶微环境的精确构筑与调控。本文重点介绍了近年来光控水凝胶的构筑,以及在生物医学和材料领域的应用进展。 相似文献
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综述了可拉伸超韧水凝胶的设计原理及其在组织工程和柔性电子器件领域的应用.通过将网络结构层次、化学结构、增韧机制与宏观力学性能相结合,重点讨论了单网络水凝胶、双网络水凝胶、纳米复合水凝胶及其它水凝胶等可拉伸超韧水凝胶的研究进展,并总结和展望了新思路和新方向. 相似文献
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近年来,金属-有机骨架材料(MOFs)因为具有优异的骨架结构、丰富的孔隙度和多功能性,吸引了众多研究者的注意,各种各样的MOFs材料和MOF基复合材料被研制。但是由于MOFs大多以晶体和粉末的形式存在,其本身的刚性和易碎性限制了它的实际应用,同时MOFs在溶液中的不稳定性会导致材料的分解,一些高结晶度的MOFs还十分脆弱易碎且不易加工,因此有研究者将MOFs与水凝胶相结合,开发出许多具有优异性能的MOF基水凝胶材料。本文综述了MOF基水凝胶材料近年的研究进展,重点介绍了MOF基水凝胶的种类及其与其他材料的协同作用,讨论了MOF基水凝胶在传感、催化、水处理、伤口敷料和药物载体等方面的优势。MOF基水凝胶具有的可加工性、稳定性、易处理性为MOFs在实际应用中的研究具有指导意义。我们概述了纯MOF水凝胶、MOF@生物有机大分子水凝胶、MOF@生物相容性水凝胶,其他MOF基复合水凝胶的最新进展以及这些复合材料的应用。 相似文献
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系统介绍了γ-聚谷氨酸水凝胶的制备方法及其生物可降解性、高吸水性及保湿性、pH敏感性、生物相容性和可修饰性等性能,同时综合介绍了其在组织工程、药物控释和创面修复等方面的应用,结合本研究组工作对其未来的发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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Piyanut Pinyou Dr. Adrian Ruff Dr. Sascha Pöller Dr. Su Ma Dr. Roland Ludwig Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schuhmann 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(15):5319-5326
Multistep synthesis and electrochemical characterization of an Os complex‐modified redox hydrogel exhibiting a redox potential ≈+30 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl 3 m KCl) is demonstrated. The careful selection of bipyridine‐based ligands bearing N,N‐dimethylamino moieties and an amino‐linker for the covalent attachment to the polymer backbone ensures the formation of a stable redox polymer with an envisaged redox potential close to 0 V. Most importantly, the formation of an octahedral N6‐coordination sphere around the Os central atoms provides improved stability concomitantly with the low formal potential, a low reorganization energy during the Os3+/2+ redox conversion and a negligible impact on oxygen reduction. By wiring a variety of enzymes such as pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)‐dependent glucose dehydrogenase, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)‐dependent glucose dehydrogenase and the FAD‐dependent dehydrogenase domain of cellobiose dehydrogenase, low‐potential glucose biosensors could be obtained with negligible co‐oxidation of common interfering compounds such as uric acid or ascorbic acid. In combination with a bilirubin oxidase‐based biocathode, enzymatic biofuel cells with open‐circuit voltages of up to 0.54 V were obtained. 相似文献
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Mohamed Dellali Camelia Elena Iurciuc Corina Lenua Savin Nawel Spahis Mhamed Djennad Marcel Popa 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(8)
Cross-linked chitosan (CS) films with aldehyde groups obtained by oxidation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with NaIO4 were prepared using different molar ratios between the CHO groups from oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCOx) and NH2 groups from CS (from 0.25:1 to 2:1). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy demonstrated the aldehyde groups’ presence in the CMCOx. The maximum oxidation degree was 22.9%. In the hydrogel, the amino groups’ conversion index value increased when the -CHO/-NH2 molar ratio, cross-linking temperature, and time increased, while the swelling degree values decreased. The hydrogel films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR analysis. The curcumin encapsulation efficiency decreases from 56.74% to 16.88% when the cross-linking degree increases. The immobilized curcumin release efficiency (REf%) and skin membrane permeability were evaluated in vitro in two different pH solutions using a Franz diffusion cell, and it was found to decrease when the molar ratio -CH=O/NH2 increases. The curcumin REf% in the receptor compartment was higher at pH = 7.4 (18%- for the sample with a molar ratio of 0.25:1) than at pH = 5.5 (16.5%). The curcumin absorption in the skin membrane at pH = 5.5 (47%) was more intense than at pH = 7.4 (8.6%). The curcumin-loaded films’ antioxidant activity was improved due to the CS presence. 相似文献
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以“探秘铁肥的合理使用”为主题,开展高中化学“铁及其化合物”的项目式教学。通过完成“确定铁肥的主要成分”“检验铁肥是否变质”“铁肥的合理使用”等3个任务,学生学会不同价态铁元素化合物的转化和检验方法,形成从元素价态和物质类别角度探究物质性质的思路。初步培养了实验探究能力,提升创新意识,发展基于“铁及其化合物价类二维模型建构”的模型认知素养。学生收获了真实新颖、亲身实践、分组合作、交流展示等成就性体验,制作的铁肥保存和合理使用说明书体现了项目式教学的本质特征,实现学习结果的可视性、共享性、交流性。 相似文献
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利用汞离子可以诱导罗丹明B衍生物的螺环结构发生开环反应并产生荧光增强效果这一特性,设计并合成了两种新型的荧光化学传感器2-噻吩甲醛罗丹明B酰肼(RhBTh)和苯甲醛罗丹明B酰肼(RhBAr),并研究了二者在汞离子检测中的应用.研究结果表明,RhBTh与RhBAr对汞离子均表现出非常好的荧光增强效果,检测过程中其它金属离子不会对检测结果产生明显的干扰.二者对汞离子的检测限分别为7.8 nmol/L和12.5 nmol/L.实验表明RhBTh和RhBAr对汞离子均具有良好的灵敏度和选择性. 相似文献
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为适应当前复合型人才培养需求和提高学生自主学习能力和创新意识,在对大学一年级新生进行无机化学教学时需坚持以学生为主体的教学理念,并努力同时提高他们的思想政治素质、理论联系实际能力和科学研究素养。为此,提出“一体三翼”教学模式。然而,大多数工科院校无机化学课程的授课学时有所压缩,这对任课教师来讲是一种巨大挑战。通过“线上-线下”混合式教学解决学时不足问题,并通过学生课程参与度、学生学习成绩及教学反思等形式检验“一体三翼”教学模式的教学实践成效。 相似文献
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Thermosensitive molecularly imprinted hydrogel cross‐linked with N‐malely chitosan for the recognition and separation of BSA
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Cenjin Zhang Xiaoping Jia Yuzhi Wang Min Zhang Shan Yang Junxia Guo 《Journal of separation science》2014,37(4):419-426
A novel temperature‐sensitive molecularly imprinted hydrogel composed of N‐isopropylacrylamide and acrylamide has been prepared by using free‐radical polymerization and was cross‐linked by modified water‐soluble N‐maley chitosan in aqueous solution. BSA (pI 4.9, MW 66.0 kDa) was used as the template protein. The produced hydrogels were characterized by environmental SEM to reveal the microcosmic morphology. A microporous structure was only found in the imprinted hydrogel, while no obvious microporous structure was found in nonimprinted hydrogels. The lower critical solution temperature of the hydrogels was 34°C, and the optimal binding conditions were tested, namely, the adsorption equilibrium time of 6 h and initial BSA concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. The adsorption capacity Qmax was determined by Langmuir isotherm plots and was 5.72 mg/g for imprinted hydrogel and 1.18 mg/g for nonimprinted hydrogels. A separation factor (β) of 4 was obtained when bovine hemoglobin (pI 6.9, MW 64.0 kDa) was selected as the particular reference protein. Molecular weights and pIs were chosen to investigate the selectivity of the hydrogels. It was shown that the shape memory and the size effect were the major factors for the recognition. This imprinted hydrogel was used to specifically adsorb the BSA from the protein mixture. 相似文献