Materials Studio和Matlab等软件在化学动力学教学中的应用

在化学动力学讲授中应用Materials Studio和Matlab等软件对过渡态理论及稳态近似法等相关知识点进行辅助教学,使抽象的化学理论变得形象、简单。这有利于培养学生的形象思维能力,提高了课堂教学效果,激发了学生对物理化学课程的学习兴趣。     

理论教学与实践教学互相渗透的物理化学教学模式探讨

针对目前存在的物理化学课程中理论教学与实践教学脱节的问题,结合自身教学改革和探索,提出了理论与实践互相渗透的教学模式。实践证明,有意识地将理论教学与实践教学结合起来,可以激发学生学习的主观能动性,深化知识点理解,对提升学生分析问题能力、解决问题能力,以及创新能力都有良好的效果。     

大学无机化学与高中化学知识衔接——以原子结构与元素周期表为例

原子结构理论是高中化学和大学无机化学的重要组成部分和学习难点,教学过程中如何较好地衔接高中阶段知识与大学无机化学课程尤为重要。本文以原子结构和元素周期表知识点为例,以2019版高中人教版教材和北师大版的无机化学教材内容讨论高中化学知识与大学化学知识的衔接问题,依据作者的教学实践提出若干建议,为大学无机化学原子结构与元素周期表知识点的教学提供参考,同时帮助大一学生顺利完成知识的衔接过渡和培养学生独立思考、自主学习的能力。     

结合理论课堂的知识点设计高分子材料合成实验课程

尝试在"高分子材料合成创新实验"课程中将理论课的知识点巧妙地融入到实验教学中，有目的地设置实验环节，通过对实验现象的分析，帮助学生巩固理论课知识点。为了充分利用实验的等待时间，在有目的地组织学生对实验进行预习的基础上，还尝试"激励学生参与"实验课的教学，鼓励学生以实验小组的形式讲解与实验相关联的理论知识，进一步巩固相关知识点，并扩充知识面。2年的实验教学反馈表明，这些尝试既有效巩固了理论课堂的知识点，做到了活学活用，又激发了学生的学习兴趣，提高了分析问题的能力。     

PBL教学法在结构化学休克尔分子轨道理论教学中的应用

休克尔分子轨道理论是结构化学课程中的重要内容,可预测或解释共轭分子性质、电子光谱等问题。其与势箱中粒子运动模型、分子轨道理论、分子对称性等知识点关联密切,综合性强。在该理论教学过程中运用问题式教学法(Problem-Based Learning,PBL),以典型问题引导学生自主学习,在循序渐进的问题中,学生的思考意识逐步增强,知识综合能力可得到有效提升。     

Materials Studio软件辅助中学化学教学*——以晶体结构为例

引入一种新的化学软件--Material Studio(MS),利用其晶体结构数据库和立体演示功能辅助晶体结构教学,并设计了典型化合物晶胞结构以及金属晶体晶胞堆积的演示实例和教学过程。MS软件的晶体结构演示功能简单易学,能帮助学生更好地掌握晶体结构知识点,实现个性化教学和学生自主学习,提高课堂教学效率。     

有机化学在线课程建设*——基于“激越四段式”全在线教学模式

基于“激越四段式”全在线教学模式,以超星泛雅网络学习平台为课程建设平台,开展有机化学在线课程建设。每个单元由思维导图、引导案例、单元知识点、小组任务、知识拓展、单元作业等6个部分组成,各微知识点配备电子教材、微课视频、教学内容与讨论、知识点测验等4个板块。该在线课程可以满足学生多样化、层次化的个体和团队的自学需求,着重训练学生自主学习和探究性学习的能力。     

分析化学教学中知识点的树结构设计

依据中心教学法,通过对教材的深入分析和知识重组,设计和建立了分析化学中化学分析理论教学的知识点树结构图,该结构图以误差为主线,贯穿了教材整个内容的各个知识点。教学中着重于各知识点及其相互联系和思维方式的介绍,课后辅助各章节知识点总结归纳,以便于学生对整体知识的理解、自我建构和学习方法的掌握。     

Aspen plus在“物理化学”课程精馏分离中的教学应用

将Aspen Plus化工流程模拟软件运用到工科“物理化学”课程精馏分离过程教学中,结合二甲醚(DME)-甲醇-水三元体系精馏分离的科研成果案例,探讨了Aspen Plus软件在精馏分离过程教学中的应用。实践表明,采用流程模拟软件辅助精馏分离的教学方法,不仅有助于加深学生对精馏分离理论知识点的理解,提高课程教学质量,而且有助于培养学生利用流程模拟技术解决工程实际问题的能力,提升了学生的综合素质。     

现代化学动力学的奠基人—亨利.艾林

美国物理化学家亨利·艾林(1901-1981),因创建过渡态理论而闻名于世。本文介绍了艾林的生平和成就,尤其对艾林的反应速率理论的开创性贡献进行了详细的论述。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。