电晕极化电光聚合物调制器的制备研究

随着光通信的飞速发展,高速聚合物电光调制器的应用更加重要广泛.聚合物薄膜是制造聚合物电光调制器的基础.文中介绍与分析了聚合物电光调制器聚合物薄膜的电晕极化制备方法.     

极化聚合物电光材料研究进展

极化聚合物由于其在集成光电子学领域的潜在应用前景已经引起了广泛关注。本文在简要介绍电光调制器及其材料有关知识的基础上,综述了近几年来极化聚合物电光材料的研究进展,主要介绍发色团和聚合物的设计、合成、并对这类材料将来的发展方向作了探讨。     

二阶非线性光学聚氨酯对电光效应的共振增强

二阶非线性光学聚合物是最有希望实现在电光器件方面应用的材料之一.该类材料的非线性光学系数很高,响应速度快,与半导体材料的相容性较好,且比有机和无机晶体的制备更方便.目前所用的电光调制器多为光传输型,高光学活性的极化聚合物一般光学损耗较大,尤其是其吸收波段更大,使得调制器只能在其透明波段内使用,否则,传输型波导器件由于这种损耗将无法使用.     

聚双(2-吡咯基乙氧基磷腈)的合成、氧化交联和导电性研究

有机 /无机杂化聚磷腈具有优良的加工性能和使用性能 ,可以在许多领域获得应用 [1] .具有光电活性的聚磷腈研究也引起了广泛的关注 [2～ 4 ] . Allcock等 [2 ] 合成了具有离子传导特性的聚磷腈 ,可应用于锂离子电池 .具有非线性光学特性的聚合物也有研究报道 [3 ] . L eung等 [4 ] 合成了具有电致发光基团的聚磷腈 ,部分聚合物具有蓝光发射的特征 .合成化学键合的聚 (N -烷基 )吡咯通用聚合物复合膜材料已经得到了重视[5,6] .本文合成了 2 -吡咯基乙醇 ,将其与反应性无机聚合物聚 (二氯 )磷腈进行高分子取代反应 ,合成了含吡咯侧基的聚磷…     

表面富集季胺盐的交联聚苯乙烯微球合成与表征及其溶胀行为研究

在聚合物微球表面引入不同的基团 (如亲水性的羟基或羧基 ) ,可以改善聚合物微球的稳定性甚至生物相容性[1～ 4] ;利用表面基团可以把无机半导体微粒和功能有机分子以及生物分子引入聚合物微球[5～ 8] ,赋予聚合物微球特殊的性能 ,使其广泛应用于涂料、光电功能材料和生物医用材料等领域[9～ 15] .其中 ,表面带有阳离子的聚合物微球在絮凝剂、胶粘剂、水性涂料等方面已经得到广泛研究[16～ 2 0 ] .通常阳离子聚合物微球可以根据不同的需要利用常规乳液聚合、核壳乳液聚合等方法来合成 .亲水性和疏水性单体进行的无皂乳液聚合[2 1] ,因其能在…     

高度可溶聚苝酰亚胺材料的合成及性能研究

聚酰亚胺是一类具有优异综合性能的聚合物材料 [1,2 ] .近年来 ,合成含荧光染料的可溶性聚酰亚胺材料在聚合物化学领域引起了广泛兴趣 [3～ 11] ,人们期望这类聚合物材料会比其小分子材料具有更加优越的性能 .小分子酰亚胺荧光染料具有极高的荧光量子效率、光化学和热稳定性 ,可广泛应用于光学开关[12 ] 、电致发光器件 [13,14 ] 和太阳能转换器 [15] 等领域 ,但是由于的大π键平面共轭结构 ,使得材料的溶解性能极差 ,难以加工 .最近 ,本实验室通过合成含叔丁基的芳香二胺 [4,4′-亚甲基双 ( 2 -叔丁基苯胺 ) ]与各种芳香四酸二酐反应…     

电光高分子材料的最新研究进展

电光高分子材料由于其在光电子信息领域的潜在应用前景已得到了广泛关注和深入研究.本文在简要介绍电光效应及其材料等相关知识的基础上,综述了最近几年来电光高分子材料的研究进展,主要包括生色团的设计与合成,以及掺杂型、侧链型、主链型、交联型、互穿网络型和树枝型等聚合物材料体系的设计与合成.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备聚酰亚胺/二氧化钛感光杂化材料

高聚物 -无机物纳米杂化材料的研究已成为当今高分子化学和物理、无机化学和材料化学等许多学科交叉的前沿领域 [1] .聚酰亚胺因其特有的优越性能而成为聚合物中的热选材料 ;感光聚酰亚胺除具备常规聚酰亚胺的优良性能 ,还由于可在材料上直接刻蚀图形 ,简化工艺步骤 [2 ] ,作为通信产业中光波导、光联接等装置的材料而受到市场的关注 .目前有很多关于无机材料 Ti O2 和 Si O2 用于电光领域材料[3～ 5] 及其与聚合物形成的杂化材料用于制作光波导、光联结等电光领域的文献 [6,7] 报道 ,但很少见到可直接刻蚀图形的无机 /聚酰亚胺杂化材料 […     

基于分子间侧向氢键作用的电光材料制备及性能

通过重氮耦合和酯化等反应制备了一系列侧向含有酰胺基团的偶氮苯类非线性光学生色团, 并将其与聚合物进行掺杂或通过分子间的侧向氢键作用制备了主客体型及超分子型的电光薄膜材料. 生色团的结构通过核磁共振谱(¹H NMR, NMR)、 红外光谱(IR)、 质谱(MS)和元素分析(EA)等进行了表征, 结果表明, 生色团形成了分子间的氢键作用. 通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis) 光谱研究了材料的极化性能. 相比主客体型电光薄膜材料, 由分子间侧向氢键作用形成的超分子型电光薄膜材料无需与聚合物基体材料复合, 更有利于提高材料的生色团含量、 极化取向度及稳定性. 通过Teng-Man简单反射法研究了主客体型和超分子型电光材料的二阶非线性光学性质, 结果表明, 基于分子间侧向氢键作用形成的超分子体系具有更大的电光系数.     

浸润性可调的导电聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈同轴纳米纤维

聚苯胺(PANI)因其具有可调的导电性、优异的化学稳定性、简单的制备方法等特点, 在化学电源、抗静电涂层、电磁屏蔽材料、抗腐蚀、传感器等领域具有广泛的应用前景[^1~4]. 由于聚苯胺的刚性分子链使得聚苯胺几乎不溶不熔, 难以加工应用, 因此, 将导电聚合物直接制成纳米纤维一直是合成纤维界所希望的目标之一. 此外, 由于材料尺度的减小, 使纳米材料的表面与界面性质,尤其是表面浸润性变得更为突出.浸润性是固体表面的重要特征之一, 它主要由表面的化学组成和微观结构共同决定^[5,6]. 可调的浸润性在超疏水材料、药物传输、仿生材料和微流体等领域具有重要的应用价值^[7~10] , 引起人们广泛关注.     

异氰酸酯交联的环氧树脂基二阶非线性光学聚合物

通过双酚A 二 (缩水甘油醚 )与苯胺的逐步聚合反应合成环氧树脂类先驱聚合物BPAN ,进一步通过先驱聚合物的后重氮偶合反应 ,制备了侧链带偶氮生色团的二阶非线性光学聚合物BPAN 1A NT .将BPAN 1A NT与适当量的异氰酸酯交联剂M2 0S混合 ,得到了双组分非线性光学聚合物体系BPAN 1A NT M2 0S .该体系在电场极化的同时可发生交联固化 ,极化后其二阶非线性光学系数高达 10 5 2pm v(λ =1 0 6 4 μm) ,同时还具有很好的极化偶极取向稳定性 ,2 0 0℃时的非线性光学系数仍可维持在初始的 80 %以上 .上述双组分非线性光学聚合物材料 (BPAN 1A NT M2 0S)同时具有高二阶非线性光学系数和高极化偶极取向稳定温度 ,可以预期 ,在聚合物电光调制器、光开关等器件中将有很好的应用前景 .     

Mono-layer of Ni(100-x)Fe(x) nanoparticles fabricated on a polyimide film under different curing atmospheres

A mono-layer of nano-sized metal particles was prepared on the surface of a polyimide film by simply depositing a thin film of Ni80Fe20 on top of the polyamic acid that was spin coated onto a Si wafer. During thermal imidization of the polyamic acid film, Fe was selectively etched by reacting with the carbonyl group of the polyamic acid to leave behind uniformly distributed Ni-rich metallic particles. The average diameter of the particles was 4 nm and the particles were confined into a single layer on top of the polymer film. Moreover, it was also shown that the morphology of the nanoparticles can be substantially altered by curing the precursor film in a hydrogen atmosphere, without significantly damaging the polymer film. Thus produced nanoparticles lay exposed on top of the electrically insulating and chemically stable polymer film so that it is possible that the nanoparticles can be directly used for fabricating a nonvolatile flash memory device or as a template for building functional nano-structures.     

一种新型的交联极化聚合物的合成及性能研究

以成膜性能优异、主链上含有多个羟基的聚双酚A二缩水甘油醚-苯胺(BPAN)为骨架,将二阶非线性光学活性发色团分子以键合形式挂接到聚合物主链上,形成新型侧链型聚合物.此聚合物保留了原聚合物体系成膜性好和可进一步交联等优点.极化过程中以含有异氰酸酯基的同种发色团分子作为交联剂,得到发色团含量进一步提高的交联型极化聚合物.采用衰减全反射法(ATR)测得体系的电光系数(r₃₃)为6.7 pm/V(1315 nm).     

Formation of organic gel-liquid two-layer systems using diffusion-controlled gelation with a helicene derivative

Organic gel-liquid two-layer systems were constructed by two-liquid-ultrasonication-diffusion-controlled gelation using the chiral aminohydroxyhelicene derivative (M)-1. Gelation took place by the diffusion of (M)-1 and THF from the bottom layer to the upper hexane layer. This method provided multilayer liquid-gel systems.     

Effect of film thickness on morphological evolution in dewetting and crystallization of polystyrene/poly(ε-caprolactone) blend films

In this Article, the morphological evolution in the blend thin film of polystyrene (PS)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was investigated via mainly AFM. It was found that an enriched two-layer structure with PS at the upper layer and PCL at the bottom layer was formed during spinning coating. By changing the solution concentration, different kinds of crystal morphologies, such as finger-like, dendritic, and spherulitic-like, could be obtained at the bottom PCL layer. These different initial states led to the morphological evolution processes to be quite different from each other, so the phase separation, dewetting, and crystalline morphology of PS/PCL blend films as a function of time were studied. It was interesting to find that the morphological evolution of PS at the upper layer was largely dependent on the film thickness. For the ultrathin (15 nm) blend film, a liquid-solid/liquid-liquid dewetting-wetting process was observed, forming ribbons that rupture into discrete circular PS islands on voronoi finger-like PCL crystal. For the thick (30 nm) blend film, the liquid-liquid dewetting of the upper PS layer from the underlying adsorbed PCL layer was found, forming interconnected rim structures that rupture into discrete circular PS islands embedded in the single lamellar PCL dendritic crystal due to Rayleigh instability. For the thicker (60 nm) blend film, a two-step liquid-liquid dewetting process with regular holes decorated with dendritic PCL crystal at early annealing stage and small holes decorated with spherulite-like PCL crystal among the early dewetting holes at later annealing stage was observed. The mechanism of this unusual morphological evolution process was discussed on the basis of the entropy effect and annealing-induced phase separation.     

一种新型二阶非线性光学功能分子及其交联聚氨酯材料的合成

合成了新型的含有偶氮和噻吩环的二阶非线性光学功能分子, 用红外光谱、紫外光谱、核磁共振和质谱确定了其结构; 制备了含有该功能分子的两种交联型聚氨酯聚合物薄膜, 当测量波长为1 064 nm时,  用Marker条纹法测得的二阶非线性光学系数d33值分别为80.6 pm/V(发色团的数密度为0.91×1020 Molecules/cm3)和20.1 pm/V(发色团的数密度为2.21×1020 Molecules/cm3); 聚合物Ⅱ的取向热稳定性达到了152 ℃.     

高折射率高透明性半脂环聚酰亚胺的合成与性能

采用脂环二酐单体2,3,5-三羧基环戊烷基乙酸二酐(TCAAH)分别与两种含硫芳香族二胺单体,4,4′-双(4-氨基苯硫基)二苯硫醚(3SDA)与2,7-双(4-氨基苯硫基)噻蒽(APTT)通过两步法制备了两种半脂环聚酰亚胺(PI).制备的PI薄膜在可见光波长范围内(400~700 nm)具有优良的透明性,400 nm处的透过率超过85%.此外,该系列薄膜还具有良好的耐热稳定性,氮气中的起始热分解温度超过480℃,玻璃化转变温度超过250℃.PI薄膜在632.8 nm处的折射率大于1.68,双折射小于0.006.为了进一步提高PI薄膜的折射率,初步考察了PI前体溶液聚酰胺酸(PAA)与高折射率无机TiO2纳米粒子的复合工艺.结果表明,PI-TiO2薄膜同样具有良好的透明性,632.8 nm处的折射率达到1.76.     

SnS薄膜的两步法制备及其光电性能研究

用两步法制备了SnS薄膜,首先在玻璃衬底上用磁控溅射法沉积一层Sn薄膜,然后在220℃下加热炉中硫化60 min.对该薄膜进行结构、表面形貌和光电性能分析,结果表明:制备的SnS薄膜为p型导电,有明显的(040)方向择优取向;薄膜表面致密,S和Sn原子非常接近化学计量比;薄膜呈现高于5×10⁴ cm^-1的吸收系数和持续光电导效应,其直接带隙约为1.23 eV,适合作为太阳能电池的吸收层材料和用于制作光敏器件.     

Determination of mass absorption coefficient in two-layer thin-film Cr/V and V/Cr systems by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

A method is proposed for the determination of mass absorption coefficient in the analysis of two-layer thin-film V/Cr and Cr/V systems on Polikor substrates by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Simply fabricated and unified film layers formed by applying vanadium and chromium on polymer film substrates are used. Correction coefficients taking into account the attenuation of primary radiation of X-ray tube and analytical line of an element from the lower layer in the upper layer are calculated.     

Polyvinyl Alcohol–Pectin Cryogel Films for Controlled Release of Enrofloxacin

The release of enrofloxacin entrapped in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cryogel at pH?5.5 showed a first-order kinetic, releasing 69.7% of the antibiotic after 4.5?h at 37?°C. In order to slow down the fluoroquinolone release rate, high-methoxylated pectin was added into the cryogel (PVA?CP). A film containing 1.0% (w/v) HM pectin and 5.0???g/ml enrofloxacin released only 3.7% of the antibiotic after 4.5?h. Since the FTIR spectrum showed that most of the interactions between PVA?CP matrix and enrofloxacin were due to polar groups (carboxylate and amine), a two-layer film system was designed to modulate the releasing rate of the drug. The top film equilibrated with 0.75 or 1.5?M NaCl release up to 41.9% and 89.0% of the enrofloxacin in 4?h, respectively. The release rate of enrofloxacin was found dependent on NaCl concentration in the upper gel layer. The two-layer cryogel system showed attractive features for transcutaneous antibiotic delivery.