关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

Design and analysis of the tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the spectrum hall of the CSNS

There is a tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the target station in the spectrum hall in the CSNS project.The length of the tunnel is about 20 m.The shielding design of the tunnel is very significant for the persons working in the spectrum hall because the tunnel is not covered ed soil for shielding.In order to reduce the dose rate at the exit of the cable ducts,we use the ISIS construction,which is designed with four turnings,as a reference for the tunnel design.The thickness of the shielding is obtained by a simulationwith the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA.The result is compared with the data obtained with Moyer Mode and the reliability of the simulation is proved.This paper provides the basis for the design of the tunnel.     

Design and analysis of the tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the spectrum hall of the CSNS

There is a tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the target station in the spectrum hall in the CSNS project. The length of the tunnel is about 20 m. The shielding design of the tunnel is very significant for the persons working in the spectrum hall because the tunnel is not covered by soil for shielding. In order to reduce the dose rate at the exit of the cable ducts, we use the ISIS construction, which is designed with four turnings, as a reference for the tunnel design. The thickness of the shielding is obtained by a simulation with the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA. The result is compared with the data obtained with Moyer Mode and the reliability of the simulation is proved. This paper provides the basis for the design of the tunnel.     

Representation of the spin in the Dirac equation for the electron

The conventional interpretation of the spin matrices contained in the Dirac equation for the electron is considered to be mostly unintelligible in the operational sense. It is shown that it appears that the interpretation is often illogical. The necessity of a more comprehensible interpretation of the concerned equation is implied.     

Construction of the minimal superspace-translation tensor and the derivation of the supercurrent

The superspace analogue of the improved energy-momentum tensor is analysed. The supercurrent of Ferrara and Zumino is derived from the superspace-translation tensor in its minimal form. The additional freedom in this tensor, as compared to the supercurrent, is exhibited.     

On the time dependence of the dielectric dispersion for triglycine sulfate in the vicinity of the curie point

The evolution of the dielectric spectrum of triglycine sulfate with time is investigated in the frequency range from 20 MHz to 1 Hz at a temperature of 48.8°C for 420 min. It is revealed that the evolution of the dielectric spectrum exhibits a non-steady-state behavior due to the broadening of the relaxation-time spectrum. The process clearly manifests itself in a transformation of the Cole-Cole diagram with time. The transformation to a quasi-stationary state is completed in approximately 1 h. The phenomenon is explained by the retarded motion of domain walls. The inference is made that, for ferroelectrics, the time evolution of all parameters associated with the domain-wall state should be a universal property.     

Status of the experiment on the measurement of the neutrino magnetic moment with the spectrometer GEMMA

The investigation of the background structure of the spectrometer GEMMA was carried out in a low-background laboratory in ITEP. GEMMA is destined for measurement of the neutrino magnetic moment near the core of a nuclear power plant (NPP) reactor. The results of the investigation in ITEP and measurement of the background in the experimental hall at the Kalininskaya NPP proved that GEMMA is ready for the start of the experiment at the reactor. Now the preparation of the experimental hall for the measurement is completed and an assembling of the setup is in progress.     

On the relaxation of the order parameter in the BCS model

The relaxation of the nonequilibrium order parameter (wave function of pairs) of a “pure” superconductor is considered for the homogeneous case. The relaxation is due to the electron-phonon interaction. The orderparameter relaxation time is shown to be much longer than the time interval between electron-electron collisions. This relation is explained by the smallness of the superconducting transition temperature compared to both the Fermi energy and the Debye energy in the BCS model.     

On the order of the excitonic phase transition

The correct phase diagram in the density-temperature plane is constructed for some mean-field models describing the excitonic transition. The phase transition is of first order at low temperature, in disagreement with the accepted picture. The source of error is pointed out.     

A method for measuring the phase of the reflection coefficient in the visible range of the spectrum

A method for measuring the phase of the reflection coefficient in the optical wavelength range is proposed. The method is simple in experimental implementation and is based on measuring the energyreflection coefficients of a sample in two media with different refractive indices. Analytical and numerical estimates show that the measurement accuracy of the phase is on the order of 1°. The possibilities of using the results of the phase measurement in practice for a more complete characterization of materials and structures under investigation are considered.     

Equation of the Crack Front with Allowance for the Metric Properties of the Material

The geometric representation of the crack front propagation is examined in a Finsler space in the context of the discontinuity theory. The structure of the medium is taken into account via the connectivity coefficients of the Finsler space and its metric. It is demonstrated that this approach leads to the construction of fiber spaces and allows the gauge invariance to be introduced correctly and noncontradictorily into the fracture theory. The Lie derivative is used to proceed from discontinuities to differentials. The equation of the front crack surface is retrieved.     

Experimental study of the relationships between the spectral emissivity of brass and the temperature in the oxidizing environment

Effect of surface oxidization on the spectral emissivity of brass is studied over the temperature range from 800 to 1070 K at the wavelength of 1.5 μm. The temperature of brass surface is measured by averaging the two R-type platinum–rhodium thermocouples. The radiant energy emitted by the brass surface is received by an InGaAs photodiode detector. Two kinds of relationships between the spectral emissivity and the temperature are investigated in the oxidizing environment at the elevated temperature. One is the variation of spectral emissivity with the heating-duration time at the given temperature. The other is the variation of spectral emissivity with the temperature at the given heating-duration time. The interference effect of radiation coming from the brass surface and coming from the oxidization film is discussed when the oxidation film on the surface is grown. The resonant structures of spectral emissivity are observed during the whole heating period, in particular at the early stage of heating duration. The analytic formula of spectral emissivity versus the temperature is derived at the heating-duration time of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 and 300 min, respectively. The conclusion is obtained that coefficients of analytic expressions between the spectral emissivity and the temperature are different from each other for the experimental results obtained at the different heating-duration time, though the polynomial functional form is suitable to fit all the measurements obtained in the present work.     

Application of the method of collective coordinates the the quantisation of the two-dimensional higgs model

A comprehensive analysis of the application of the method of collective coordinates to the two dimensional Higgs model is given. First the instanton solution is derived, and the geometry of configuration space, and the construction of Schrodinger wave functionals are discussed. It is then explicitly verified that the Goldstone mode is the projection of the vacuum state onto the generator of the broken symmetry. The elimination of this Goldstone mode by means of the unitary gauge condition is demonstrated to the the crucial point in the construction of a consistent perturbation procedure. The parameter of the broken symmetry group is then used as the collective coordinate for field configurations around a minimum of the interaction. Throughout, the discussion is sufficiently detailed in order to facilitate the application of the method to other fields.     

On the Tidal Motion Around the Earth Complicated by the Circular Geometry of the Ocean's Shape Without Coriolis Forces

The Cauchy–Poisson free boundary problem on the stationary motion of a perfect incompressible fluid circulating around the Earth is considered in this paper. Rotation plays a significant role in the early stages of the formation of solitary waves. However, these effects are less important on the solitary waves once they are formed. Therefore, for simplicity, rotation is not included for these simulations. The main concern is to find the inverse conformal mapping of the unknown free boundary in the hodograph plane onto some fixed mapping in the physical domain. The approximate solution to the problem is derived as the application of such a method. The behaviour of tidal waves around the Earth is discussed. It is shown that one of the features of the positively curved bottom is that the problem admits two different higher-order systems of shallow water equations, while the classical problem for the flat bottom admits only one system.     

小孔流速实验中的排水时间和流量系数的研究

本文以水作为理想流体,考虑到水头损失和孔口缩流效应,对小孔流速实验涉及的容器排水问题进行了系统的理论和实验研究.从理论上推导得出了圆柱形容器排水时间的解析解,分析了排水时间和自由液面速度、流量系数之间的规律,提出了排水时间的等效性.实验上,加工了底部开有不同小孔的大型圆柱形容器,测量了容器排水时间随液面高度的变化关系,借助实验结果计算了流量系数值,验证了容器排水时间的等效性关系,实验结果与理论计算符合较好.     

Effect of the nanofilm thickness on the properties of the two-dimensional electron gas at the interface between two dielectrics

The mechanism of formation of the two-dimensional conductivity along the interface between two polymer dielectrics is experimentally studied. The idea of “polar catastrophe,” which was successfully used earlier to explain the electronic properties of the interface between two perovskites LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃, is chosen as a base hypothesis. Piezoelectric response microscopy is used to reveal the presence of spontaneous polarization on the surface of a polymer film, and the remanent polarization is found to decrease with increasing film thickness. As in the case of perovskites, the polymer film thickness is found to strongly affect the electrical conductivity along the interface. Substantial differences between these phenomena are detected. The change in the electrical conductivity is shown to be caused by a significant increase in the charge carrier mobility when the film thickness decreases below a certain critical value. The relation between the change in the carrier mobility and the change in the spontaneous surface polarization of the polymer film when its thickness decreases is discussed.     

Peratization of the vertex in the theory of weak interactions with the W-meson

The integral equation for the vertex with crossed boson lines is solved by the known peratization technique. In the zero energy approach some numerical corrections to the simple vertex are obtained and it is shown that higher order corrections cannot be neglected. The influence of these corrections on the cross-section for the neutrino production of the W-meson in the nuclear field and on the W-mass is investigated.This work is a part of a thesis written in 1965 at the Faculty of Technical and Nuclear Physics of The Czech Technical University in Prague.     

Evaluation of the void fraction in the crescent-shape moderator cell of the CARR-CNS

The mathematical model developed in a previous paper is improved in the present paper for analyzing and evaluating the void fraction profiles in the crescent-shape moderator cell of the Cold Neutron Source (CNS) of the China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR) which is now under construction in the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The model is then applied to the case of the CARR-CNS with liquid hydrogen as a moderator and the void fraction in the crescent-shape moderator cell of the CARR-CNS is evaluated. The calculation results show that the void fraction in the crescent-shape moderator cell less than 20%. The model and the calculation results will help to obtain insight of the mechanism that controls the void fraction distribution in the crescent-shape moderator cell, and provide theoretical supports for the moderator cell construction.