1-吡啶-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯-溴化十六烷基吡啶-阴离子表面活性剂显色反应的研究及应用

在氢氧化钠 氯化钠 甘氨酸 (NaOH NaCl CH2 (NH2 )COOH)缓冲溶液中 ,1 吡啶 3 [4 (苯基偶氮 )苯基 ] 三氮烯 (PYPAPT)与十二烷基苯磺酸钠等阴离子表面活性剂 (AS)和溴化十六烷基吡啶 (CPB)阳离子表面活性剂形成三元紫蓝色配合物 ,配合物在 6 3 0nm处有最大吸收。利用此显色反应分别测得十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠阴离子表面活性剂 (AS)的表观摩尔吸光系数ε630 分别为 1 6 1× 1 0 4 、1 .44× 1 0 4 和 1 .76× 1 0 4 L·mol- 1 ·cm- 1 。方法已应用于合成水样及环境水样中阴离子表面活性剂的测定。     

银碘络阴离子-丁基罗丹明B-吐温-80体系双波长分光光度法测定岩矿中痕量银

方法基于CAgI_3]~(2-)络阴离子与丁基罗丹明B形成离子缔合物,用非离子表面活性剂吐温-80实现增溶增稳。提出了一个高灵敏度的双波长分光光度测定银的方法。缔合物最大吸收波长为605nm,负峰波长为555nm,摩尔吸光系数为3.26×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),0～8μgAg/25ml符合比耳定律。用于岩矿中痕量银的测定,结果满意。     

废水中的阴离子表面活性剂的测定

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 ( CTMAB)、溴甲酚紫 ( BCP)和阴离子表面活性剂三者在 p H 7.0 0的条件下可形成有色离子缔合物 ,据此建立了 CTMAB- BCP分光光度法测定阴离子表面活性剂的方法。在 75μg CTMAB存在下 ,十二烷基硫酸钠 ( SDS)在 0～ 5 0 μg范围内符合比耳定律 ,其表观摩尔吸光系数是 2 .74× 1 0 4 L· mol- 1·cm- 1,并用标准加入法和主成分回归法不分离干扰可直接测定。应用此方法测定了河水、池塘水和生活污水中的阴离子表面活性剂 (以 SDS计 )并与亚甲蓝法进行比较 ,结果满意     

邻羟基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯与季铵盐型表面活性剂显色反应的研究及应用

研究了显色剂邻羟基苯基重氮氦基偶氛苯(HDAA)与季铵盐型表面活性剂的显色反应。在0．1mol·L-1的氢氧化钠介质中,试剂与溴化十六烷基三甲胺(CTMAB)、溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)和氯化十六烷基吡啶分别形成玫瑰红色离子缔合物,缔合比均为13,CTMAB体系λmax＝558nm,CPB和CPC体系λmax＝562nm,表观摩尔吸光系数分别为1．34×104,1．03×104和1．47×104L·mol-1·cm-1。探讨了微量CTMAB、CPB和CPC的测定方法,结果满意。     

钍-氨基C酸偶氮氯膦-溴化十六烷基吡啶多元配合物的研究及分析应用

在1.5N盐酸介质中,在表面活性剂溴化十六烷基吡啶存在下,钍与氨基C酸偶氮氯膦形成胶溶配合物。配合物的最大吸收峰位于707nm,摩尔吸光系数为2.41×10~51.mol~(-1).cm~(-1)。配合物可稳定1.5小时,0-10μg/25ml钍符合比耳定律。许多阳离子和阴离子不干扰测定。方法可用于测定环境水样中的钍。     

在氯化十六烷基吡啶存在下水杨基荧光酮与Te(Ⅳ)显色反应的研究及应用

研究了阳离子表面活性剂氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)存在下,pH 4.8的HOAc-NaOAc缓冲介质中,Te(N)与过量的水杨基荧光酮(SAF)形成1:4的稳定配合物,其最大吸收波长为534nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.47×10~5。Te(Ⅳ)浓度在0～8μg/25ml范围内遵守比耳定律。建立了在水相测定硒中微量碲的吸光光度法,获得了满意的结果。     

巯基棉富集分离高灵敏度吸光光度测定痕量汞——Hg~(2 )-Br~--RhB-Tween80体系

研究了在表面活性剂吐温 - 80存在下 ,汞与溴化物和罗丹明 B形成水溶性离子缔合物吸光光度测定痕量汞的方法。缔合物在 532 nm处有最大吸收 ,汞量在 0～ 4.0μg/2 5ml范围内符合比耳定律 ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 8.76× 1 0 5L·mol-1·cm-1。结合巯基棉分离富集技术 ,测定了水样中痕量汞 ,方法灵敏度高 ,选择性好     

夜蓝与阴离子表面活性剂在水溶液中显色反应——吸光光度法测定环境水样中阴离子表面活性剂

在聚乙烯醇存在的1.8mol/L磷酸溶液中,夜蓝与阴离子表面活性剂形成离子缔合物。溶液由绿色变为蓝色,可用于水相直接光度测定阴离子表面活性剂。最大吸收波长555nm,摩尔吸光系数分别为5.72×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)(十二烷基苯磺酸钠),5.77×10~4 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)(十二烷基硫酸钠),4.36×10~4 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)(十二烷基磺酸钠)。方法简便、快速,具有良好的选择性。可用于河水和生活废水中10~(-6)—10~(-7)mol/L阴离子表面活性剂的测定。     

水中阴离子表面活性剂的吸附分光光度法测定

研究萘基二苯甲烷与阴离子表面活性剂的缔合反应及缔合物在聚合物颗粒表面的吸附及洗脱 ,提出了碱性艳蓝BO分光光度法测定河水中的阴离子表面活性剂 ;碱性艳蓝BO与十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠的缔合物的表观摩尔吸光系数分别为3.76×104、3.63×104、2.15×104L·mol -1·cm -1 ,方法的线性范围为0.0～2.0mg/L,相对标准偏差3.8% (n=8);应用该法测定河水中阴离子表面活性剂含量 ,结果令人满意     

工业废水中阳离子表面活性剂的分光光度法测定

研究了阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲基胺和氯化十六烷基吡啶与二溴羧基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯的显色反应 ,并提出了分光光度测定阳离子表面活性剂的新方法。结果表明 ,在碱性介质中 ,溴化十六烷基三甲基胺、氯化十六烷基吡啶等均能与二溴羧基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯形成 1∶ 2的紫红色离子缔合物 ,最大吸收波长位于 5 80 nm处 ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 3.7× 1 0 4 L· mol- 1·cm- 1。表面活性剂的浓度在 0～ 80 μg/2 5 m L范围内符合比耳定律。方法直接应用于工业废水中阳离子表面活性剂的测定 ,获得了满意的结果     

Novel Enzymatic Potentiometric Approaches for Surfactant Analysis

The present study described a novel application of simple potentiometric enzymatic method for analysis of surfactants based on their inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE). The enzymatic activity was measured through monitoring hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh) with a disposable acetylcholine potentiometric sensor. Comprehensive investigations were carried out including the effect of incubation time, cholinesterase enzyme and the working calibration ranges. Based on inhibition of AChE, different cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants were determined in the concentration range from 0 to 40 μg mL⁻¹ with detection limits reaching 0.07 μg mL⁻¹ depending on the nature of surfactants. The degree of AChE inhibition caused by different tested surfactants were as follows: cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) > benzyldimethylhexadecyl ammonium chloride (BDHAC) > Hyamine (Hy)>cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) > Triton X‐100 (TX‐100) > sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The proposed method was applied for determination of surfactants in pharmaceutical formulation, detergents products and environmental samples with acceptable sensitivity and reproducibility.     

A multicommuted stop-flow system employing LEDs-based photometer for the sequential determination of anionic and cationic surfactants in water

It has been developed an automatic stop-flow procedure for sequential photometric determination of anionic and cationic surfactants in a same sample of water. The flow system was based on multicommutation process that was designed employing two solenoid micro-pumps and six solenoid pinch valves, which under microcomputer control carry out fluid propelling and reagent solutions handling. A homemade photometer using a photodiode as detector and two light emitting diodes (LEDs) with emission at 470 nm (blue) and 650 nm (red) as radiation sources, which was tailored to allow the determination of anionic and cationic surfactants in waters. The procedure for anionic surfactant determination was based on the substitution reaction of methyl orange (MO) by the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBS) to form an ion-pair with the cetyl pyridine chloride (CPC). Features such as a linear response ranging from 0.35 to 10.5 mg L⁻¹ DBS (R = 0.999), a detection limit of 0.06 mg L⁻¹ DBS and a relative standard deviation of 0.6% (n = 11) were achieved. For cationic surfactant determination, the procedure was based on the ternary complex formation between cationic surfactant, Fe(III) and chromazurol S (CAS) using CPC as reference standard solution. A linear response range between 0.34 and 10.2 mg L⁻¹ CPC (R = 0.999), a detection limit of 0.05 mg L⁻¹ CPC and a relative standard deviation of 0.5% (n = 11) were obtained. In both cases, the sampling throughput was 60 determinations per hour. Reagents consumption of 7.8 μg MO, 8.2 μg CPC, 37.2 μg CAS and 21.6 μg Fe(III) per determination were achieved. Analyzing river water samples and applying t-test between the results found and those obtained using reference procedures for both surfactant types provide no significant differences at 95% confidence level.     

1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯-溴化十六烷基三甲铵-阴离子表面活性剂显色反应的研究及应用

在三乙醇胺存在下,１－（４－硝基苯基）－３－［４－（苯基偶氮）苯基］－三氮烯（Ｃａｄｉｏｎ）与溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）和阴离子表面活性剂（ＡＳ）形成红色配合物,其最大吸收位于５５０ｎｍ。改变阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠时,有色配合物的表观摩尔吸光系数ε５５０分别为３．０２×１０４、２．１３×１０４、２．９４×１０４（Ｌｍｏｌ－１ｃｍ－１）,阴离子表面活性剂服从比尔定律的范围分别为０～４．１８ｍｇ／Ｌ,０～２．１８ｍｇ／Ｌ,０～３．４６ｍｇ／Ｌ。方法用于测定环境水样中阴离子表面活性剂,结果满意     

Flow injection spectrophotometric determination of anionic surfactants using methyl orange as chromogenic reagent

A flow injection(FI) spectrophotometric method for the determination of anionic surfactants was developed on the basis of the competition for the cationic surfactant cetyl pyridine (CP+) chloride between the acidic dye methyl orange (MO) and anionic surfactants. In a pH 5.0 medium the cation of cetyl pyridine (CP+) reacts with dissociated methyl orange (MO-) to form an ion-associate complex, causing a blue shift of lambda(max) from 465 nm for MO- to 358 nm for the CP+ x MO- associate. The MO- in the ion-associate complex can be quantitatively substituted by such anionic surfactants as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (DBS) or sodium lauryl sulfate (LS), leading to an increase in the absorbance measured at 465 nm. This increased absorbance value is proportional to the concentration of anionic surfactants. Various chemical and physical parameters for the FI spectrophotometric method were optimized, and interference-free levels were examined. At the optimized conditions, Beer's law was obeyed in the range 1.4 approximately 25 mg/L sodium DBS for an injected sample volume of 180 microL, and a detection limit of 0.22 mg/L for sodium DBS was achieved at a sampling rate of 90 h(-1). Eleven determinations of a 16 mg/L sodium DBS solution gave a RSD of 0.4%. The proposed method has successfully been applied to the determination of anionic surfactant concentration in waste water and in detergents.     

New phase separator for extraction-spectrophotometric determination of anionic surfactants with Malachite Green by flow injection analysis

A simple flow injection spectrophotometric method for the determination of anionic surfactants in river water was studied. A three-channel flow system was assembled. The distilled water as a carrier and 5x10(-5) mol l(-1) Malachite Green (MG) dissolved in 0.1 mol l(-1) CH(3)COONa-CH(3)COOH buffer solution (pH 5) were delivered at 1.94 ml min(-1). The mixed solvent (toluene+methylisobutyl ketone (MIBK)=1+1) was pumped at 0.78 ml min(-1). Other conditions were the extraction coil 0.5 mm i.d.x3 m, the reaction temperature 20 degrees C and the sample size 200 mul. The calibration graph was linear in the range 0.1-0.4 ppm at 626 nm. The detection limit (S/N=3) was 18 ppb and a sample frequency of 20 h(-1) was attained. The relative standard deviation (n=7) for 0.4 ppm standard sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) solutions was 1.1%. And also, new phase separator with a convenient connector was designed. This Fl method was applied to the determination of anionic surfactants in river water.     

盐酸氯丙嗪作探针共振瑞利散射法测定环境水样中某些阴离子表面活性剂

在pH 3.0～5.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中, 盐酸氯丙嗪与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十二烷基磺酸钠(SLS)等阴离子表面活性剂反应形成离子缔合物时, 能导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)的显著增强并产生新的RRS光谱, 最大RRS峰分别位于277, 369和277 nm处, 方法对SDBS, SDS和SLS的检出限分别为0.018, 0.046和0.200 μg/mL, 其线性范围分别为0.09~10.0, 0.15~15.0 和0.67~12.5 μg/mL. 研究了适宜的反应条件及分析化学性质, 提出了一种用RRS技术灵敏、简便并快速测定阴离子表面活性剂的新方法.     

Extraction preconcentration with anionic surfactants in acidic solutions

Extraction preconcentration with anionic surfactants in acidic solutions on the basis of the cloud point was studied. Advantages and disadvantages of this method were considered. Conditions of the phase separation of some anionic surfactants (sodium decyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) in acidic solutions were studied. With the example of pyrene and its derivatives, it was demonstrated that these surfactants can be used for extraction preconcentration. Analytical characteristics of the determination of pyrene and its derivatives in model aqueous solutions by the fluorimetric method in combination with extraction preconcentration with sodium dodecyl sulfate were obtained     

Sensitive measurement of methylene blue active substances by attenuated total reflection spectrometry with a trimethylsilane-modified glass slab optical waveguide

Attenuated total reflection spectrometry with a slab optical waveguide (SOWG) was explored for the simple, rapid and sensitive measurement of total anionic surfactants by the methylene blue active substance (MBAS) method. A fused-silica sheet used as a guiding layer was modified with trimethylsilane (TMS) to extract and concentrate the MBASs on the SOWG surface. Based on preliminary studies of the adsorption behavior and visible ATR spectrum of MB on the modified silica surface, a detection wavelength of 600 nm was chosen for the sensitive measurement of anionic surfactants. When the concentration of MB was set at 10 microM in the final measurement solution, the calibration curve for a typical anionic surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate) was linear up to 0.6 microM and the detection limit was 0.07 microM. The proposed method was applied to the determination of total anionic surfactants in river water.     

盐酸氯丙嗪作探针二级散射和倍频散射法测定环境水样中某些阴离子表面活性剂

在pH3.0~5.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,盐酸氯丙嗪与十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠等阴离子表面活性剂反应形成离子缔合物时,仅能引起吸收光谱和荧光光谱的微小变化,但却能导致二级散射(SOS)和倍频散射(FDS)的显著增强。最大SOS峰均在552nm附近,最大FDS峰均在390nm附近。其中SOS法灵敏度更高,它对十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠的检出限分别为0.047、0.106和0.117mg/L,而其线性范围分别为0.2~12、0.4~15和0.4~20.0mg/L。研究了反应产物的吸收、荧光、SOS和FDS光谱特征、适宜的反应条件及分析化学性质,据此发展了一种用SOS技术灵敏、简便、快速测定阴离子表面活性剂的环境友好型新方法。