Investigation of thin-film electroluminescent structures on rough subsrates

Results of experimental investigations of the volt-brightness characteristics, frequency dependences of brightness, and the directional radiation pattern of electroluminescent MSDM, MSCM, and MSDCM emitters, where M stands for the first transparent and second nontransparent electrodes, S is a semiconductor, D is a thin-film dielectric, and C is a silicone-based composite liquid dielectric with a powdered segnetoelectric filler, developed on conventional “smooth” and rough glass substrates are presented. It is shown that electroluminescent structures on rough surfaces have a brightness approximately two times higher than that of similar structures developed on a “smooth” substrate. Ul’yanovsk State University, 42, L. Tolstoi St., Ul’yanovsk, 432700, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 507–512, July–August, 1997.     

随机粗糙柱面的激光散射特性研究

扩展面光源如太阳光与激光光源有明显的差异,因此它们照射到随机粗糙柱面后的散射特性也不同。利用随机面元模型,详细分析了刚性随机粗糙柱形表面的激光散射特点,建立了实用化的随机粗糙柱面激光散射理论模型,并给出了正入射时几种情况下的激光散射图像。结果表明,不管哪种情况,正入射时柱面的激光后向散射都很强,而偏离后向的激光散射分布与表面的粗糙度及照射光斑与柱面直径的关系等有关。     

随机粗糙柱面的激光散射特性研究

 扩展面光源如太阳光与激光光源有明显的差异,因此它们照射到随机粗糙柱面后的散射特性也不同。利用随机面元模型,详细分析了刚性随机粗糙柱形表面的激光散射特点,建立了实用化的随机粗糙柱面激光散射理论模型,并给出了正入射时几种情况下的激光散射图像。结果表明,不管哪种情况,正入射时柱面的激光后向散射都很强,而偏离后向的激光散射分布与表面的粗糙度及照射光斑与柱面直径的关系等有关。     

An angular cutoff composite model for investigation on electromagnetic scattering from two-dimensional rough sea surfaces

Based on the local configuration angle division to select the corresponding method for electromagnetic scattering calculation from rough sea surface,this paper presents an angular cutoff composite model:when the local scattered angle is in the specular region that is given by an approximately 20 degrees cone around the specular direction,the Kirchhoff approximation is applied to evaluate the specular reflection,which dominates the total scattering in this region;the small perturbation method is employed to handle the diffuse reflection which is predominant as the local scattered angle is situated out of the specular region.Numerical results are compared with those of experimental and theoretical models in several configurations as a function of incident angle,wind speed,wind direction.The comparison of numerical results of other experimental and theoretical models in several configurations shows that the new composite model is robust to give accurate numerical evaluations for the sea surface scattering.     

Study of MPI based on parallel MOM on PC clusters for EM-beam scattering by 2-D PEC rough surfaces

This paper firstly applies the finite impulse response filter (FIR) theory combined with the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method to generate two-dimensional Gaussian rough surface. Using the electric field integral equation (EFIE), it introduces the method of moment (MOM) with RWG vector basis function and Galerkin's method to investigate the electromagnetic beam scattering by a two-dimensional PEC Gaussian rough surface on personal computer (PC) clusters. The details of the parallel conjugate gradient method (CGM) for solving the matrix equation are also presented and the numerical simulations are obtained through the message passing interface (MPI) platform on the PC clusters. It finds significantly that the parallel MOM supplies a novel technique for solving a two-dimensional rough surface electromagnetic-scattering problem. The influences of the root-mean-square height, the correlation length and the polarization on the beam scattering characteristics by two-dimensional PEC Gaussian rough surfaces are finally discussed.     

Thin-film electroluminescent emitters based on calcium sulfide doped with cerium

Stavropol' State Technical University, 2 Kulakov Av., Stavropol', 355000. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 178–181, May–June, 1995.     

室内粗糙表面声散射体掠入射角度散射估计

针对经典边界元方法对掠入射角度下的散射估计精度较低的问题,发展了一种边界无网格模型.此模型将散射体视为具有无限延伸的形式,避免了经典边界元法中薄板形式所导致的声压差问题,而且更加符合实际房间中散射体的存在形式;模型利用无网格算法实现数值仿真,可对任意表面形状特别是曲面散射体具有更高的仿真精度。利用边界无网格模型计算了不同形状散射体的散射系数及散射声场,并将结果与解析方法、测量实验进行了对比.对比结果表明,边界无网格模型可以准确预测散射体的散射性质,特别是对掠入射角度的估计要优于经典边界元法.研究结论可应用于室内声学散射体特征预测及优化设计,对提高声场扩散及室内音质水平具有重要意义.     

Sound scattering at fluid-fluid rough surface

Extinction theorem was used to deduce the first order scattering cross-section including the double scattering effects for the fluid-fluid rough surface. If the double scattering effects are neglected in the present method, the scattering cross-section agrees with the result obtained by the perturbation method based on Rayleigh hypothesis. Calculations of scattering strength were carried out, and comparisons with the first-order perturbation method based on Rayleigh hypothesis were also done. The results show that double scattering effects are obvious with the increase of the root mean square of surface height and the grazing angle when the valid condition k ₁ h < 1 is satisfied. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2005CB422307)     

Signal loss of double transmissions of ultrasonic waves through random rough surfaces

This paper establishes a model evaluating the signal loss of double transmitted acoustic beams through random rough liquid-solid surfaces based on Fresnel approximation and the phase-screen approximation. The numerical solution is replaced with a simple analytical solution through using the exponential substitution approach to remove the nonlinear integral terms. Therefore, the real-time inspection by using C-scan imaging systems of flaws in materials can be achieved through the proposed model. The research results show that the signal loss of double transmissions from random rough surfaces mainly depends on two factors: the root-mean-square (RMS) of the roughness and the depth of the flaw in materials. The experimentally measured signal loss is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The evaluation of the signal loss can be useful for improving the accuracy and reliability of the non-destructive testing (NDT).     

双网格前后向迭代与谱积分法计算分形粗糙面的双站散射与透射

对于高介电常量分形粗糙面的双站散射与透射的数值计算,须用密网格来剖分粗糙面,这样就产生了计算内存大和计算时间长的问题.双网格法通常可以用来减少计算机计算所需内存和计算时间.为计算任意角度(包括低掠角)TE和TM波入射下的高介电常量分形粗糙面在各种物理条件下的双站散射与透射,将双网格法和前后向迭代与谱积分加速法相结合,发展了新的数值计算方法,并验证了散射与透射的能量守恒,讨论了双站散射与透射角度性变化的特征. 关键词： 双站散射 透射 PBTGFBMSAA 分形粗糙面     

Diffusion and condensation of adatoms on inhomogeneous rough surfaces

We have studied diffusion and condensation of adatoms on surfaces on which we have introduced inhomogeneous roughness by means of electron irradiation. We have constructed the model of the dynamics of adatoms on the surfaces, and demonstrated that the distribution of adatoms strongly depends on the surface roughness. The results suggest that the distribution of adatoms can be controlled by selecting adequate conditions of electron-irradiation. Experimental results were in good agreement with our calculations. We believe that this study is useful for nanofabrication on surfaces.     

Electromagnetic scattering from two-layered rough interfaces with a PEC object: vertical polarization

Electromagnetic(EM) scattering from a stack of two rough interfaces separating a homogeneous medium with a perfectly electric conducting(PEC) object has been calculated through the method of moments for vertical polarization.Theoretical formulations of EM scattering from multi-layered rough interfaces with a PEC object have been derived in detail and the total fields and their normal derivatives on the rough interfaces are solved.The two-layered model is a special case.In this work,a Gaussian rough surface was applied to simulate the rough interface.A cylinder was located above,between or below the two-layered rough interfaces.Through numerical simulations,the validity of this work is demonstrated by comparing it with existing scattering models,which are special cases that include a PEC object located above/below a single-layered rough interface and two-layered rough interfaces without an object.Subsequently,the influences of characteristic parameters,such as the relative permittivity of the medium,as well as the average height between the two rough surfaces,on the bistatic scattering coefficient are discussed.     

亲水性微观粗糙表面润湿状态转变性能研究

以亲水性微观粗糙表面上不同几何形貌及分布的微柱阵列为对象, 讨论了液滴在亲水性粗糙表面上的润湿过程以及润湿状态的转变阶段. 从能量角度分别考察了微观粗糙结构几何形貌及分布、微柱几何参数、固体表面亲水性、接触角滞后作用等因素对液滴润湿状态转变的影响规律. 研究发现: 在亲水粗糙表面, 正方形微柱呈正六边形阵列分布时, 液滴更容易形成稳定的Cassie状态, 或者液滴仅发生Cassie状态向中间浸润状态的转变; 与此同时, 减小微柱间距、增大方柱宽度或圆柱直径、增大微柱高度、增强固体表面的亲水性将有利于液滴处于稳定的Cassie状态, 或阻止润湿状态向伪-Wenzel或Wenzel状态转变; 然而, 当液滴处于Cassie状态时, 较小的固-液界面面积分数或减弱固体表面亲水性能均有利于增大液滴的表观接触角, 因此在亲水表面设计粗糙结构时应综合考虑润湿状态稳定性和较大表观接触角两方面因素; 此外, 接触角滞后作用对于液滴状态的稳定性以及疏水性能的实现具有相反作用的影响. 研究结果为液滴在亲水表面获得稳定Cassie状态的粗糙结构设计方法提供了理论依据. 关键词： 亲水表面 微观粗糙结构 表面自由能 润湿状态转变     

大尺度分层介质粗糙面电磁散射的特性研究

首先建立大尺度分层介质粗糙面散射的物理模型, 基于Stratton-Chu积分方程和Kirchhoff近似导出了粗糙面散射场的计算公式. 采用高斯随机粗糙面来模拟实际的分层介质粗糙面, 通过数值计算得到了正下视单站雷达接收到的后向散射回波. 理论推导了散射场强度与表面粗糙度之间的定量关系, 并从数值仿真的角度分析了表面和次表面的粗糙度对散射回波的影响, 给出了散射场随粗糙度变化的曲线. 最后考察了分层介质的电特性参数(介电常数和电导率)对分层粗糙面散射场的影响, 并对计算结果做出了分析.     

二维粗糙海面散射回波多普勒谱频移及展宽特征

基于二维线性海面模型及粗糙面电磁散射的一阶小斜率近似公式,研究了海面回波各阶多普勒谱的频移特性,得到了多普勒谱频移所对应的理论公式,与经典多普勒频移公式相比考虑到了风速、大尺度波浪轨道运动等因素对多普勒谱频移的影响;同时根据粗糙面的双尺度模型,基于多普勒谱频移的物理机理,给出了求解散射场多普勒谱展宽的理论公式.最后将理论公式计算所得结果与模拟结果及实测数据进行了比较,讨论了风速、入射波频率及入射角等因素对多普勒频移及多普勒谱展宽的影响.通过比较可以发现,给出的理论公式可以对多普勒谱频移和展宽进行一定程度的预测. 关键词： 粗糙海面 电磁散射 多普勒谱     

指数型粗糙地面与上方矩形截面柱宽带电磁散射的时域有限差分法研究

采用土壤介电常数的四成分模型表示实际地面的介电特性,应用指数型分布粗糙面模型和Monte Carlo方法模拟实际的粗糙地面,运用时域有限差分方法研究了微分高斯脉冲波照射时粗糙地面与上方目标的宽带电磁散射问题,得出了后向复合散射系数的频率响应曲线,计算了后向复合散射系数随粗糙地面高度起伏均方根、相关长度、土壤湿度、目标尺寸、高度、倾角等几何参数及介电参数等的变化情况,并做了详细分析与讨论,得到了指数型粗糙地面与上方目标宽带电磁散射特性.     

Investigation of light scattering from rough periodic surfaces — numerical solutions

The Beckmann scalar scattering model based on the Kirchhoff approximation was used to investigate the scattering of light from periodic surfaces whose roughness amplitude is comparable to, and greater than, the illumination wavelength. Solutions by numerical integration were obtained for surfaces of different profiles and of different roughnesses. It was found that the scattering patterns from these surfaces were very different at large roughness amplitudes. As the incident angle was varied on a given surface, it was also observed that the intensity of any individual diffraction order oscillated and the degree of oscillation was directly related to roughness. By utilizing this property, a new procedure could be developed for surface roughness assessment.     

Investigation on global positioning system signal scattering and propagation over the rough sea surface

This paper is devoted to the study of polarization properties, scattering properties and propagation properties of global positioning system (GPS) scattering signal over the rough sea surface. To investigate the polarization and the scattering properties, the scattering field and the bistatic scattering coefficient of modified Kirchhoff approximation with using the tapered incident wave is derived in detail. In modeling the propagation properties of the GPS scattering signal in the evaporation duct, the initial field of parabolic equation traditionally computed by the antenna pattern with using fast Fourier transform (FFT) is replaced by the GPS scattering field. And the propagation properties of GPS scattering signal in the evaporation duct with different evaporation duct heights and elevation angles of GPS are discussed by the improved discrete mixed Fourier transform with taking into account the sea surface roughness.     

Electromagnetic scattering from two-layer rough interfaces in the Kirchhoff approximation

Electromagnetic wave scattering from multilayers consisting of two two-layer Gaussian rough surfaces with lossless media is investigated in the Kirchhoff approximation (KA), with consideration of the shadowing effects. The tapered incident wave is introduced into the classic KA, and the bistatic scattering coefficient is redetermined. The advantage of this method is that it is faster in computation than the exact numerical methods. The numerical results show that the bistatic scattering coefficient calculated in the KA is in good agreement with that obtained by using the method of moment (MOM) over a most angular range, which indicates the validity of the KA proposed in our paper. Finally, the effects of the relative permittivity, the root-mean-square (RMS) height, the correlative length, and the average height between the two interfaces on the bistatic scattering coefficient are discussed in detail.