丙烯-马来酸哌啶酯共聚物的合成与表征

<正> 以2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶为母体的衍生物作为受阻胺光稳定剂,其效率约为镍-螯合物光稳定剂的2—6倍,已引起人们的注意,但是小分子受阻胺易于挥发,从而使其光稳定作用较差。为了克服上述缺点,使受阻胺稳定剂高分子化是近年来展的趋势,本文合成了含有“丙烯”单元的高分子受阻胺光稳定剂——丙烯-马来酸哌啶酯共聚物,力求改进它与丙烯的相容性,提高光稳定效率,本文还对共聚物进行表征。     

某些高分子受阻胺对聚丙烯稳定化作用的研究

众所周知,受阻胺光稳定剂对聚烯烃有良好的光稳定效率,已引起世界的注意。然而,小分子量的受阻胺易于挥发,从而影响它的效率发挥^[1,2],为了克服这个缺点,使小分子受阻胺的高分子化是近年来受阻胺光稳定剂发展的方向,本文主要是研究三种商品化高分子受阻胺光稳定剂对聚丙烯的稳定化作用及其效率和机理。     

衍生化高效液相色谱法测定高分子受阻胺光稳定剂

以对硝基苯甲酰氯为酰基化试剂,通过与含胺基的高分子受阻胺光稳定剂944在四氢呋喃中发生酰胺化反应形成沉淀,改变反应配比确定对硝基苯甲酰氯与高分子受阻胺光稳定剂944反应比例为5∶1。利用傅立叶红外光谱分析反应沉淀来实现高分子受阻胺光稳定剂944的定性分析,利用高效液相色谱分析反应上层清液,实现定量分析,紫外可见检测器检测波长为360 nm,反应测试结果回收率可达到90%以上。     

一种长链结构稳态氮氧自由基的合成

从提高光稳定剂与聚合物的相容性及光稳定效能的目的出发,以受阻胺为原料,H2O2为氧化剂,合成了具有高分子长链结构的新型稳态氮氧自由基,其结构经IR,ESR,GPC及元素分析表征。     

二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)马来酸酯的合成新工艺

受阻胺类高分子合成材料光稳定剂(简称HALS)具有高效、耐热、耐抽提、无毒等优异特性,且与酚类抗氧剂有协同作用,广泛用于聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯、丙烯酸树脂、环氧树脂等高分子材料合成中,是当前世界受人注目、发展较快的一类光稳定剂[1...     

新型树枝状受阻胺光稳定剂的设计、合成及性能评价

以二胺类化合物、丙烯酸甲酯、1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶醇为主要原料, 经Michael加成、酯交换反应合成了一系列分子中含四个哌啶胺结构的新型树枝状化合物. 目标产物结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR分析进行了确认. 选取其中一种结构进行抗氧化及抗老化性能测试, 结果表明其抗氧化性能优于主流抗氧剂Irganox B215及受阻胺光稳定剂Tinuvin770, Chimassorb944, Tinuvin622, 其抗老化性能优于受阻胺光稳定剂Tinuvin770.     

苯乙烯和4-(甲基丙烯酸)2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯共聚物PDS在聚丙烯中的分散状况及其对光稳定作用的影响

<正> 苯乙烯和4-(甲基丙烯酸)2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯共聚物(PDS)是一种新的高分子受阻胺光稳定剂。对于高分子稳定剂来说,研究它和被稳定的高分子之间的相容性以及它在其所稳定的高分子中的分散性是十分重要的。樊宇祥等曾用显微镜观察过含5％PDS的共混体系的形态,指出PDS是以颗粒的形式分散于PP连续相中。作为光稳定剂,     

N-取代烷氧基受阻胺类阻燃剂及其在聚烯烃中的应用

近年来,长期作为光稳定剂的受阻胺在性能改善过程中发现其中的N-取代烷氧基受阻胺具有优异的阻燃性能.本文对N-取代烷氧基受阻胺类阻燃剂(NORs)的结构、性能、合成、阻燃机理及其在聚烯烃中的应用进行了系统的评述.NORs主要是以2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶衍生物在催化剂作用下与烷基自由基经过数步反应制得,其在聚烯烃中的阻燃...     

红外光谱鉴定聚丙烯中受阻胺光稳定剂

本文报道了用红外光谱方法鉴定的高分子和小分子受阻胺光稳定剂。此法包括溶解聚丙烯,接着用H_2SO_4沉淀并萃取,所得水溶液用NaOH中和并用二氯甲烷萃取,除去溶剂后残渣用IR鉴定。     

高分子受阻胺对顺1,4-聚丁二烯溶液光敏降解过程的稳定作用

 本文研究了高分子受阻胺光稳定剂苯乙烯4-(甲基丙烯酸)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯共聚物在用罗丹明6G光敏氧化降解顺1,4-聚丁二烯过程中的稳定作用。它具有淬灭单线态氧、分解过氧化氢以及捕获大分子自由基的能力,对其光稳定机理也进行了初步的讨论。     

A direct route to angularly substituted hydrindanes. Formal synthesis of bakkenolide-A and synthesis of an advanced intermediate to umbellactal

A direct route for the synthesis of highly functionalized angularly substituted hydrindanes has been developed. The key step involves RO-RCM of an appropriately functionalized norbornene derivative. The hydrindane derivative obtained in this way has been used to accomplish a formal synthesis of bakkenolide-A. This protocol has also been extended for the synthesis of an advanced intermediate to the synthesis of the diterpene umbellactal.     

有机硅连接体在固相有机合成中的应用

固相合成方法具有传统液相反应无可比拟的优越性,已被越来越多的化学家认可.反应物与高分子支持体的连接则是固相合成中的重要环节,连接体在其中扮演着重要的角色.近20多年来发展起来的有机硅连接体基本满足了理想连接体的要求,具有广阔的应用发展前景.本文从直接法和间接法两方面综述了26年来具有代表性的多种有机硅连接体的设计、制备及其在固相有机合成中的应用.     

Kinetics and mechanism of diphenylamine synthesis by the condensation of aniline with oxygen-containing compounds

The condensation of aniline and cyclohexanol (cyclohexanone) yielding intermediates and the subsequent dehydrogenation of these intermediates into diphenylamine have been studied. The mechanism of diphenylamine synthesis is substantiated. The kinetics of diphenylamine synthesis from aniline and cyclohexanol over a NiSnMg catalyst has been studied. A kinetic model in terms of the conversion of strongly chemisorbed species has been developed. The rate constants of diphenylamine synthesis at 260–300°C have been determined, which are consistent with the observed regularities. The kinetic model can be used in the determination of optimal synthetic conditions and in the design of a reactor for diphenylamine synthesis from aniline and cyclohexanol. Conditions have been found under which diphenylamine synthesis occurs at a high rate of up to 1 kg/(1h), with high selectivity, and with a high yield of up to 95%.     

费托合成鼓泡浆态床反应器模型化研究

建立了费托合成鼓泡浆态床反应器双泡模型,通过模型对比的方法模拟讨论了多个反应器模型,双泡模型、全混模型以及多级串联模型,对比模拟讨论了费托合成反应各模型的适用性。模拟结果说明,全混模型适用于费托合成动力学行为的考察模拟;多级串联模型在一定的级数下能够近似模拟鼓泡浆态床中费托合成反应结果,更适用于探讨返混对费托合成反应行为的影响;双泡模型能够描述鼓泡浆态床中流体力学对反应的影响。     

Rapid synthesis of gold nanorods using a one-step photochemical strategy

Rapid synthesis of gold nanorods of controlled dimensions is one of the desired aspects of nanotechnology as a result of the potential of these nanomaterials for biomedical applications. The synthesis of gold nanorods has been achieved using a photoinitiator as an instant source of ketyl radicals, which allows the synthesis of gold nanorods in minutes. This is the first report providing a one-step synthesis of nanorods of controlled dimensions in 20-30 min using photoinitiator I-2959 as a source of ketyl radicals. Furthermore, the role of UV intensity, the concentration of silver ions, and the presence of cosolvents and a cosurfactant have been studied in detail in an effort to produce nanorods with controlled dimensions in higher yields. The role of acetone in nanorod synthesis has been explored in detail, and it has been demonstrated that, for the photochemical synthesis of nanorods using a photoinitiator, acetone is not a critical component and can be replaced by other water-miscible solvents, thus the successful synthesis of nanorods in tetrahydrofuran (THF) has been demonstrated. It has also been found that a cosurfactant and an organic solvent are not required for the synthesis of nanorods; however, their presence is found to improve the monodispersity of nanorod samples, in addition to providing a higher yield.     

含钨化合物催化合成己二酸研究进展

己二酸是工业上具有重要应用的二元羧酸,其合成方法的研究受到了广泛的关注.其传统的合成方法对环境造成了极大的破坏.利用含钨化合物作为催化剂催化合成己二酸是一种绿色环保的新方法,引起了人们的重视.作者介绍了近年来含钨化合物催化合成己二酸的研究进展,分析比较了不同催化剂体系的研究情况,展望了今后己二酸合成的发展前景.     

Studies towards the synthesis of epothilone A via organoboranes

Studies towards the synthesis of epothilone A via organoboranes have been described. A modified procedure for the large-scale preparation of B-gamma,gamma-dimethylallyldiisopinocampheylborane from prenyl alcohol has been developed. This reagent, upon reaction with various aldehydes, provides the corresponding alpha,alpha-dimethylhomoallylic alcohols in high enantioselectivities. The application of this reagent for the synthesis of the C1-C6 subunit of epothilone has been demonstrated. Alternatively, inter- and intramolecular asymmetric reduction protocols have also been utilized for the synthesis of the C1-C6 subunit of epothilone A. The synthesis of the C7-C21 fragment of epothilone A involving asymmetric alkoxyallyl- and crotylboration using alpha-pinene-derived reagents has also been described.     

Synthesemethoden für keramische Materialien. Hochtechnologiewerkstoffe

The new developments in the field of gas phase synthesis, synthesis from the condensed phases and solid‐state synthesis allowing for the fabrication of new ceramic materials for diverse technical applications have been reviewed. The Flame Spray Pyrolysis, aqueous and non‐aqueous sol‐gel techniques, hydro‐ and solvothermal methods, polymer pyrolysis route and high pressure techniques have been considered as synthesis methods with great technical potential.     

Highly efficient diastereoselective biocatalytic acylation of a diastereotopic furanose diol and synthesis of key intermediates for amino derivatized bicyclonucleosides

The selectivity of Candida antarctica lipase has been demonstrated and employed in the manipulation of a diastereotopic furanose diol as the key step in the synthesis of a novel bicyclo 3-amino-3-deoxy furanose derivative, which is an important intermediate for the synthesis of bicyclic analogs of AZT. The asymmetrization of the diol has been achieved with preferred formation of a monoacylated product with 100% diastereoselectivity. An efficient synthesis of an intermediate in the synthesis of amino derivatized bicyclonucleosides is also described, two such novel compounds containing cycloamino residues have been prepared.     

微波辅助组合合成的研究进展

微波辅助组合合成技术是近年来发展起来的一种新的制备化合物库的组合化学技术, 它不仅可以克服传统固相组合合成技术以及液相组合合成技术无法提高产物收率的不足, 而且利用该技术所制得的化合物库中对应的是高纯度的单一化合物, 采用高通量筛选技术可以快速直接地确定高活性结构, 极大地提高了新药开发的效率. 主要就近年来微波辅助组合合成技术的研究进展情况进行介绍, 内容包括固相组合合成、基于聚合物支载的催化剂的组合合成、液相组合合成、氟相组合合成以及组合平行合成等.