GPS技术在金川露天矿边坡变形监测中的应用

本文结合金川露天矿边坡变形GPS监测研究，主要论述监测基点的选择，基点WGS-84坐标的确定，变形监测网的布设，GPS数据采集、处理和质量，坐标转换的实施等，给出反演推出的若干四等三角点及其它控制点的变形数据，这些数据和造成变形的物理成因符合得很好，最后概括出GPS技术应用于变形观测的若干优点。     

用记忆材料模拟流变大变形问题

本文采用具有记忆特性的有机玻璃材料结合网格法测量技术，以软岩巷道围岩流变形为例展开了有限变形模拟试验的研究工作，并以有限变形理论为基础结合现代计算机技术进行了实验数据处理。实例分析表明，所用方法和技术具有广泛的灵活性、可靠性的实用性。     

用数字圆栅技术研究橡胶类材料I型断裂问题

采用数字云纹技术对橡胶类材料的大变形断裂力学问题进行了实验分析。提出了数字圆环栅和射线栅技术，给出了该技术的测量原理和方法。应用此技术对橡胶薄板材料的I型断裂的裂尖变形场进行了测量，给出了极坐标系下的实验径向位移场ur，和环向位移场uθ。的分布图，对实验结果进行了详细的分析，并结合大变形断裂的分区理论模型进行了比较与讨论。     

电子散斑干涉技术在口腔修复力学效果测量中应用

介绍口腔修复领域中的一种新的变形检测技术电子散斑干涉技术。选用新鲜人尸离体颌骨，制备左下颌第一恒磨牙缺失模型，用双端固定桥修复。应用该技术测试基牙及其支持骨组织的变形，并作为固定桥设计方案选择的根据。本试验实时记录了静载荷下牙槽骨的离面变形条纹图，并经微机图象处理系统处理，实验结果证明，该技术可以全场、非接触、无损伤的实时显示物体离面位移，为口腔生物力学的基础研究提供了更接近真实的实验手段。     

数字标记点识别方法及其在材料性能测试中的应用

基于相关理论，提出了一种非接触性测量面内位移的数字标记点识别方法。该方法能应用于物体变形前后标记点的识别。相对于其它光学测量方法而言，该技术实验过程简单，能够应用于小变形、大变形等不同的变形范围。本文还将这一方法应用于高分子薄膜材料的时间特性实验测试，结果表明，此方法可有效用于柔度较大材料的变形测量。     

傅里叶变换投影栅线法测量大物体的变形

本文利用傅里叶变换投影栅线技术对大物体的离面变形进行了测量，分析了大物体的尺寸给测量过程带来的主要矛盾，讨论了方法的灵敏度和精度，用计算机数值模拟技术给出了大尺寸引起的频率变化所带来的误差。结果表明，傅里叶变换投影栅线技术可以用于大尺寸物体离面变形的精确测量。     

图象处理技术在光测力学中的几点应用

本文介绍图象处理技术在物体变形与形貌测量中两个方面的应用，以寻求用现代计算机技术，信号处理技术来解决力学文体的途径。     

自动网格法在轮胎橡胶力学行为测试中的应用

本文利用自动网格法光学测量技术的非接触、高精度以及可以获得全场变形信息等优点，建立了一套包含图像采集功能的载荷－变形同步测试,实验轮胎橡胶单向拉伸较大变形力学行为的测试。试验结果表明自动网格法适用于轮胎橡胶等软试件较大变形力学行为的测试，同时也验证了加和卸载过程中，胎面碳黑填充橡胶（以下简称胎面胶）具有明显的迟滞效应、Mullins效应以及残余变形；而纵横向平均应变的数据则有力的证明了在单向拉伸的较大变形范围内，胎面胶是可压缩的，且体积比随轴向拉伸应变增大而逐渐增大。     

应用微相关技术研究裂端弹塑性变形

测量裂端附近区域的弹塑性变形，对于研究材料的损伤或微裂纹的产生，获得材料早期的损伤信息，为预防宏观裂纹的产生及扩展具有十分重要的意义。本文用A3钢材料制作边缘带裂纹的显微拉伸试件，试件表面进行了金相处理。试件是用由计算机控制的显微拉伸台进行加载试验。在加载过程中，利用环境扫描电镜对裂端附近的显微结构进行原位观察以及扫描记录。应用数字散斑相关技术对扫描电子显微镜记录的显微结构图进行分析处理，求出裂端附近的弹塑性变形。借助扫描电子显微镜，不仅可以定性观察应力集中区微裂纹的萌生及扩展过程，还可以结合数字散斑相关技术，对微区内的弹塑性变形进行测试，是研究微区域内材料变形的一个有效手段。     

泡沫铝合金动态力学性能实验研究

利用分离式霍布金森压杆(SHPB)实验技术和MTS材料实验机对两组不同孔径、不同密度的开孔泡沫铝合金进行了准静态和动态压缩实验研究。实验结果表明:泡沫铝合金的静态和动态变形过程均具有泡沫材料变形的三个阶段特征。开孔泡沫铝合金的变形是均匀变化过程，并不出现局部的变形带。与相对密度对力学性能的影响相比，孔径大小的影响可以忽略不计。在考察的应变率范围内，屈服应力对应变率并不很敏感。     

电子错位散斑研究

本文从理论上分析了错位散斑实现电子干涉的可行性,推导了摄象机光靶接收的错位散斑的光强表达式,分析了电子干涉条纹的可见度,提出并实现了电子错位散斑技术的三种方法,即实时法,双曝光法和实时时间差法。获得了位移梯度等值条纹的电子干涉图。     

离焦对散斑测量灵敏度的影响

本文分析了象差函数对光学传递函数的性态影响,指出在用白光主观散斑法测量曲面变形时,由于成象系统不能对曲面上各点同时对焦,各物点有不同程度的离焦,而造成光学传递函数对频率响应的下降,有效截止频率的降低,从而影响其测量灵敏度的提高。     

岩石变形破坏局部化的白光数字散斑相关方法研究

本文采用白光数字散斑相关方法研究了岩石的变形局部化,通过实验测定了煤岩变形局部化的开始时刻、演经过程及局部化带的宽度,本文的测试结果为研究岩石变形非均匀演化过程及岩石细观本构参数的测定打下了基础。     

Laser speckle movement caused by surface deformation and light wavelength change

When a surface is illuminated by laser, the field of diffusing reflective light can be described by Fresnel-Kirchhoff integration in the region of Fresnel. If the correlation, before and after the change of intensity field, is analysed by statistical method, three governing equations for variations of intensity field and speckle movement formulas can be obtained. In these equations, the surface motion, deformation and wavelength change are all considered to cause the speckle movement. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Displacement measurements in the interior of 3-D bodies using scattered-light speckle patterns

Two new techniques making use of the scattered-light speckle pattern have been developed which yield the displacements on an arbitrary interior plane of a 3-D body. When a sheet of coherent light passes through a transparent 3-D body, a small fraction is scattered. This scattered light produces a speckle pattern in an imaging system. By recording two superimposed images of this speckle pattern, one before and one after body deformation, the displacements on the interior illuminated plane can be found. The technique of scattered-light photography uses a single illuminating beam and is sensitive to displacements greater than one speckle diameter, approximately 3 μm. Scattered-light speckle interferometry uses two illuminating beams and is sensitive to displacements greater than one half the wavelength of light being used, approximately 0.2 μm. With both techniques, the double-exposed speckle photograph is optically processed to yield displacement information. With both techniques, the maximum displacement measurable is limited by correlation requirements between the two speckle patterns. Experimental results are presented demonstrating the two new techniques.     

Measurement of slopes of structural deflections by speckle-shearing interferometry

A specimen illuminated by coherent light is imaged by a camera through a shearing mechanism so that the speckle from one point on the surface can be made to interfere with the speckle from a neighboring point. The resultant speckle pattern is recorded. By mechanically interfering the recorded speckle pattern corresponding to deformed and undeformed states of the specimen, respectively, using double-exposure technique, a speckle-moiré-fringe pattern is generated. These fringes which depict derivatives of deflections of the specimen are made visible by spatial-filtering technique. Speckle-moiré fringes can also be obtained in real time. This method is a new interferometry and will be referred to as “speckle-shearing interferometry”. Speckle-shearing interferometry has the same function as Ligtenberg's technique. However, it does not have the sometimes inconvenient requirement of Ligtenberg's technique that the surface of the specimen must be of mirror quality. The new technique will be particularly useful in studies of flexural deformation such as flexed beams and plates. Although speckle-shearing interferometry is an interferometric method, it overcomes several of the limitations associated with holographic and speckle interferometries, namely: (1) the setup is simple and does not need laborious alignments of optical components, (2) it does not require stringent mechanical and ambient stabilities, (3) coherent requirement of light is greatly relaxed, and (4) the sensitivity is reduced that somehow fills the gap in sensitivity between moiré techniques and holographic or speckle interferometry.     

Digital speckle correlation for strain measurement by image analysis

This paper is concerned with small strain measurement utilizing the numerical processing of digital images. The proposed method has its theoretical basis in digital signal analysis and, from a methodological point of view, it can be considered as an extension to digital images of the wellknown white light speckle photography technique. That conventional method is based on the analysis of photographic plates that are exposed twice (before and after the specimen deformation) with the image of a random speckle pattern that has been previously printed on the test piece surface. The digital speckle correlation advantages consist of requiring a very simple specimen preparation and, mainly, of allowing the strain field computation just by numerical elaboration of the acquired images. In this paper, the theoretical basis of the technique and some valuable improvements to the known analogous methodologies are presented. Finally, test results for an application of digital speckle correlation are shown and advantages and disadvantages of the technique are elaborated. In addition, further developments in this area are discussed.     

一种通过条纹方向图提取散斑条纹中心线的方法

在光测力学中,如何从单幅散斑干涉条纹图中消除散斑噪声,高精度自动提取相位信息,是一项较困难的工作。本文提出了一种计算条纹方向的简单算法,以及通过条纹方向图提取散斑条纹中心线的方法。实验表明此方法对高噪声的散斑条纹图非常有效。     

Nondestructive testing using temporal phase evaluation in speckle interferometry

A novel nondestructive testing (NDT) method is reported in which temporal evolution of the speckles in speckle interferometry is used to measure large object deformations. The basic principle of the method is that continuous object movement introduces fluctuations in the phase of the speckle and is recorded as intensity modulation. Acquiring a large number of frames of the object motion, the phase data for the whole object deformation are then retrieved by the Fourier transformation technique. The method is capable of measuring more than 100 μm in-plane and out-of-plane deformation with speckle interferometry and more than 500 μm for speckle shearing interferometry. The authors discuss the NDT results obtained with the three methods and make some relative comparisons of each.     

用曲线大窗口平滑散斑条纹图的方法研究

提出一种计算条纹方向的简单算法,以及通过条纹方向图获得沿条纹方向的曲线窗口并对散斑条纹图进行曲线大窗口滤波的方法．实验表明此方法较好地消除了散斑条纹图的噪声,同时尽量减小了对条纹结构的损害．为从单幅散斑条纹图中应用条纹中心线法或全灰度法进一步提取相位场的后处理,奠定了良好的基础．