“库柏对”的诞生

基于史料,阐述了库柏对产生的经过     

光伏孤子对向传播相互作用研究

用数值方法研究了对向传播条件下不同频率的光伏孤子的相互作用行为.结果表明，两个不同频率的光伏孤子在对向传播相互作用过程中表现出不同的空间演化动力学特性.共轴对向传播时两孤子光场有着不同的会聚或发散行为，并且依赖于晶体长度；非共轴对向靠近传播孤子的会聚或发散作用有所减弱，但频率较大的孤子对频率较小的孤子有显著的吸引作用，使其发生横向偏移，孤子的演化方式也不同于同向传播的情形.     

两量子比特非线性相互作用模型中的量子关联

运用量子态变换的方法论证了两个qubit纯态中量子关联与纠缠的等价性.并利用三种带有横场的非线性相互作用模型研究了两个qubit体系中的量子关联.发现合适的横场对于最大量子关联态的获得、平均量子关联的提高都有着积极的作用.两个qubit体系获得最大量子关联时,不同模型,不同的横场,对应的量子态却各不相同.     

强关联电子系统超导电性的高压研究

具有强关联电子特性的凝聚态系统中,电子间的强关联性主导系统的宏观量子特性。这类系统具有电荷、自旋、轨道、晶格及拓扑等多重自由度,这些自由度强烈耦合,产生复杂的多体相互作用,导致系统出现丰富奇异的量子现象,如非常规超导电性、庞磁电阻、金属-绝缘体转变、拓扑量子相变等。其中,非常规超导体的研究于近几十年取得了不少进展,例如发现了铜氧化物高温超导电性和铁基超导体,然而导致非常规超导电性的原因,尤其是对高温超导电性的机理认识目前尚不清楚,非常规超导机理一直是凝聚态物理研究领域中最具挑战性的问题之一。为此,简要介绍了近年来我们通过高压实验手段在重费米子超导体、铜氧化物超导体和铁基超导体这3类主要的非常规超导体研究中取得的进展、发现的新现象以及反映的新物理机理,包括磁性和超导电性的演化关系、价态变化对超导电性的影响、铜氧化物的普适压力相图等,旨在提供非常规超导体在高压研究方面的一些实验新进展,以期为更好地理解非常规超导的微观机理提供压力维度下的一些信息。     

对相干态与两个原子的相互作用过程中原子与场的动力学特性

研究了对相干态(paircoherentstate)与两个二能级原子的相互作用过程中原子和场的动力学特性,并讨论了原子间的偶极相互作用对它们的影响.结果表明:辐射场的压缩以及和压缩(sumsqueezing)的幅度,出现的次数均随原子间的耦合强度的增加而迅速减小.当两个模之间的光子数差增大时,辐射场的压缩以及和压缩的幅度,出现的次数均随之减小,辐射场的两模之间的非经典相关程度减弱,模1的亚泊松分布减弱.在原子的崩溃区域,模2的亚泊松分布增强.增大q将加快原子和双模光场的能量交换. 关键词：     

钙钛矿结构Pr1-xCaxMnO3薄膜中电脉冲诱导电阻值变化的理论研究

建立一个有效的三明治隧穿模型研究在Pr1-xCaxMnO3薄膜中电流脉冲引起的电阻改变(EPIR)性质,发现载流子在三明治结构各区域间的隧穿概率以及在不均匀界面层的导通概率对材料的EPIR值产生重要影响.还研究了电流-电压曲线中的迟滞效应,得到的结果与近年来的文献报道一致.     

对硝基苯胺与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

采用荧光光谱法研究了不同酸度下对硝基苯胺与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)间的相互作用.实验结果表明,对硝基苯胺能与BSA形成复合物而导致BSA内源性荧光猝灭,猝灭机理为静态猝灭过程.经计算得到了不同酸度和不同温度下对硝基苯胺与BSA反应的结合常数、结合位点数.结合过程的热力学参数变化表明,该相互作用是一个熵增加、Gibbs自由能降低的自发作用过程,其作用力类型主要为静电作用力.     

钙钛矿结构Pr1－xCaxMnO3薄膜中电脉冲诱导电阻值变化的理论研究

建立一个有效的三明治隧穿模型研究在Pr_1-xCa_xMnO₃薄膜中电流脉冲引起的电阻改变(EPIR)性质，发现载流子在三明治结构各区域间的隧穿概率以及在不均匀界面层的导通概率对材料的EPIR值产生重要影响.还研究了电流-电压曲线中的迟滞效应，得到的结果与近年来的文献报道一致. 关键词： 强关联电子系统 金属-氧化物界面 隧穿     

反质子间相互作用的研究

随着对反物质研究的深入,人们需要迫切知道反质子之间的相互作用力是怎样的,是否与质子之间的作用是对称的。对这个作用力的测量,有助于我们理解反物质原子核的形成机制以及对物质-反物质对称性的理解。为此,STAR合作组利用相对论重离子加速器中金核-金核碰撞中产生的丰富的反质子,通过反质子-反质子动量关联函数的测量,并扣除了通过其他粒子衰变过来的次级反质子与其他反粒子关联的污染,精确地构建了反质子-反质子关联函数。然后,结合量子多粒子关联理论,定量提取出反质子-反质子的有效力程和散射长度这两个基本作用参数。研究表明,在实验精度内,反质子间的相互作用与正质子保持一致。反质子-反质子之间的强相互作用存在着吸引,它们可以克服由于同号（负电荷）的反质子-反质子之间的库仑排斥而结合成反物质原子核。这项研究首次实现了对反物质间相互作用力的测量,为进一步研究反原子核的形成和属性奠定了基础。同时为CPT对称性的检验提供了一种新的方式,对人类深刻认识物质世界的构成及其运动规律具有重要意义。With undergoing researches on antimatter physics, it is crucial to understand what the interaction between antiprotons is. Is it the same as the interaction between protons? This measurement will definitely help us to understand the formation mechanism of antimatter nuclei as well as the symmetry of matter and antimatter. In this context, our STAR collaboration measured the correlation function of antiproton-antiproton pairs from 200 GeV/c Au+Au collisions. After substracting the residual correlation due to the secondary antiprotons that decayed from other particles, the primary antiproton-antiproton correlation function is extracted. By applying the quantum theory of multi-particle correlation, two key parameters that characterize the corresponding strong interaction:namely, the scattering length (f₀) and effective range (d₀) were obtained. Within error bars, it is found that the f₀ and d₀ for the antiproton-antiproton interaction are consistent with their antiparticle counterparts -the ones for the proton-proton interaction. Like the force that holds ordinary protons together within the nuclei of atoms, the force between antiprotons is attractive and strong, which overcomes the tendency of the like (negatively) charged particles to repel one another, and allows the antiprotons to bind to form antinucleus. The current measurement is for the first time to measure the interaction between antimatter, it offers a foundation to understanding the structure of more-complex antinuclei and their properties. Also our measurement offers a new way to test the CPT symmetry, which has an important impact for human beings to understand the law of motion in our world.     

二对硝基苯酯与β-环糊精相互作用的光谱学研究

以二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)为脱水剂,使有关脂肪族二酸与对硝基苯酚缩合,合成了丁二酸二对硝基苯酯、己二酸二对硝基苯酯和癸二酸二对硝基苯酯等3种具有不同长度碳链的二酸二对硝基苯酯。利用红外光谱、质子核磁共振、元素分析、差示扫描量热等手段确证了酯的组成和结构。在此基础上以荧光猝灭、荧光光谱、紫外-可见光谱等技术系统研究了3种二酯与β-环糊精(β-CD)之间的主客体相互作用。结果表明：随二酯中二酸碳链增长,二酯与β-CD发生主客体作用的难度增加。实验条件下,丁二酸二对硝基苯酯分子中两个对硝基苯基结构均可进入β-CD疏水内腔,己二酸二对硝基苯酯分子中只有一个对硝基苯基结构可以进入β-CD疏水内腔,而癸二酸二对硝基苯酯分子中的两个对硝基苯基结构都不能进入β-CD疏水内腔,这种现象产生的原因可能是由于3种二酯在水溶液中采取了不同的构象。因此,碳链较短的二酸二对硝基苯酯可能比较适合于构筑基于主客体相互作用的三维网状结构。     

Exact superconducting ground states of the extended Anderson model

We obtain exact ground states of an extended periodic Anderson model (EPAM) with non-local hybridization and Coulomb repulsion between f and c electrons (Falicov-Kimball term) in one dimension. We show that for a range of parameter values these ground states exhibit composite hole pairing and superconductivity that originate from purely electronic interactions.     

Modular invariant partition function of the Hubbard model

Summary By making use of the Abelian bosonization procedure, we obtain a Coulomb-gas picture of the continuum limit of the one-dimensional Hubbard model. It is shown clearly that the semi-direct product of two Virasoro algebras (c=1) denotes symmetry of excitations of the Hubbard model. A systematic study of modular invariant partition function for the Hubbard model is presented. Correlation functions are calculated explicitly and the result is in good agreement with those of numerical simulations and Tomonaga-Luttinger model.     

Localization properties of two interacting particles in a quasi-periodic potential with a metal-insulator transition

We study the influence of many-particle interactions on a metal-insulator transition. We consider the two-interacting-particle problem for onsite interacting particles on a one-dimensional quasiperiodic chain, the so-called Aubry-André model. We show numerically by the decimation method and finite-size scaling that the interaction does not modify the critical parameters such as the transition point and the localization-length exponent. We compare our results to the case of finite density systems studied by means of the density-matrix renormalization scheme. Received 28 June 2001     

Optical conductivity of spin/lattice polarons in underdoped copper oxides

Optical and spectral properties of carriers in the presence of strong antiferromagnetic correlations and interacting with optical phonon modes are analyzed using Dynamical Mean Field Theory. We interpret the mid-infrared band in σ(ω) in term of mixed spin lattice polaronic excitations which arise from the stabilization of the lattice polaron due to the antiferromagnetic correlations. We compare our results with experimental data in NCCO showing that the doping and temperature dependences of the optical conductivity in this compound is naturally reproduced within a spin/lattice polaronic model.     

Why standard estimates of electron-phonon coupling in cuprates do not work

The problem of estimating the coupling strength between oxygen-breathing phonons and electrons in cuprates is discussed. Some of these modes are found in experiments to be strongly coupled, in particular at low doping concentrations. Standard tools, like local density approximation, give a too small coupling. Many-body techniques compare instead much better with experiments. This suggests that electronic correlation effects play a crucial role in the estimate of the electron-phonon coupling from first principles.     

Effect of electromagnetic environment effect on coherent and incoherent Cooper pair tunneling in superconducting C-SET

Cooper pair tunneling in voltage-biased superconducting C-SET structure is discussed with emphasis on the electromagnetic environment effect based on the self-consistent microscopic theory of Coulomb blockade in C-SET. It is shown that coherent Cooper pair tunneling survives only in the low impedance limit where charge fluctuation is large, while incoherent Cooper pair tunneling survives in both low- and high-impedance limits.     

Variational approach to spin fluctuations in the Hubbard model

We study a one parameter variational wave function to improve the spin density wave ground state of the Hubbard model by inclusion of quantum spin fluctuations. Using a perturbative approach and novel lattice summation techniques we present analytical as well as numerical results for the correlation energies and the staggered magnetizations in one and two dimensions. We find ground state energies which are satisfyingly close to known exact results and are significantly lower than those of existing Gutzwiller and numerical treatments.