Acidity function scale for H2SO4 solutions in phenol-acetone solvents with low water content at 25°C

The indicator method was employed to measure the acidity function H ₀ ^S of H₂SO₄ solutions in solvents consisting of an equimolar mixture of phenol and acetone with 0.8% water (from 3.6·10^–4 to 2.6·10^–2 M H₂SO₄) and 2.5% water (from 4.3·10^–4 to 0.32 M H₂SO₄) and of phenol and acetone in a molar ratio of 1:1.5 with 0.67% water (from 1.63·10^–4 to 7.77·10^–2 M H₂SO₄) and 2.09% water (from 4.49·10^–4 to 0.35 M H₂SO₄) at 25°C. The indicators employed were 4- and 2-nitroaniline.Deceased.N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117977 Moscow. Lenneftekhim Scientific-Commercial Association, St. Petersburg. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 72–78, January, 1992.     

Surface and Subsurface Oxygen on Platinum in a 0.5 M H2SO4 Solution

The oxidation of polycrystalline platinum in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ is studied by cyclic voltammetry at potential scan rates of 5–500 mV s^–1 while varying the potential cycling range. The scheme, which is proposed for explaining the observed acceleration and deceleration of oxygen sorption at 0.75–1.0 V, accounts for the presence of oxygen in the subsurface layers of platinum (O_ss) and the formation of a barrier layer comprising complexes O_ss–Pt _n –SO₄. Cycling platinum secures certain steady-state contents of O_ss at 0.01–1.35 V. In an anodic scan, O_ss accumulates at E > 0.85 V (slow post-electrochemical stage) due to exchange of platinum and oxygen atom sites. In a cathodic scan, the desorption of most oxygen gives way to the adsorption of anions, which prevent residual O_ss from appearing on the surface. The residual O_ss disappears at E < 0.1 V after a sufficiently complete desorption of anions and the destruction of stable complexes O_ss–Pt _n –SO₄. Varying the potential cyclic limit leads, after a delay, to other steady-state O_ss contents.     

Synthesis of diastereomeric 3-hydroxy-4-pyrrolidinyl derivatives of nucleobases

The work deals with the synthesis of hydroxypyrrolidine analogs of nucleosides. Starting from the optically pure l- or d-tartaric acid, we improved the synthesis of enantiomeric trans-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidines and elaborated a procedure for the synthesis of all possible diastereoisomers of 3-hydroxy-4-pyrrolidinyl derivatives of both purine and pyrimidine nucleobases. The prepared compounds were tested for cytostatic and antiviral properties but no significant activity was found.     

A convenient synthesis of dihydrocoumarins from phenols and cinnamic acid derivatives

A facile procedure for synthesis of dihydrocoumarin derivatives was described. Although the yield of the products in the reaction of phenols with acrylates in trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of Pd(OAc)₂ giving coumarins was found to be very low, dihydrocoumarin derivatives were obtained in good to high yields in the absence of Pd(OAc)₂ when ethyl cinnamates bearing electron-donating groups were employed in this reaction.     

制备方法对H2SO4固体酸结构和催化性能的影响

 以溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍法制备了H2SO4固体酸催化剂. FT-IR, XRD和 29Si MAS NMR结果表明,两种方法得到的催化剂结构不同. FT-IR和 29Si MAS NMR结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法制备的固体酸H2SO4-SiO2中H2SO4和载体SiO2间存在相互作用; 1H MAS NMR结果表明,H2SO4-SiO2固体酸的酸强度和液体浓硫酸相当. 通过对柠檬酸与正丁醇的液/固相催化酯化反应比较了溶胶-凝胶法与浸渍法制备的固体酸的催化性能,结果表明,浸渍法得到的固体酸重复使用4次后活性消失; 溶胶-凝胶法制备的H2SO4-SiO2固体酸重复使用6次后仍显示出较高的活性和选择性.     

2-[(4-羟基苯基)砜基]苯酚的合成及其精制新工艺

2-[(4-羟基苯基)砜基]苯酚的合成及其精制新工艺; [(羟基苯基)砜基]苯酚;苯酚;亚磷酸;偏三甲苯     

Cu[B2(SO4)4] and Cu[B(SO4)2(HSO4)]—Two Silicate Analogue Borosulfates Differing in their Dimensionality: A Comparative Study of Stability and Acidity

Borosulfates are an ever‐expanding class of compounds and the extent of their properties is still elusive. Herein, the first two copper borosulfates Cu[B₂(SO₄)₄] and Cu[B(SO₄)₂(HSO₄)] are presented, which are structurally related but show different dimensionalities in their substructure: While Cu[B₂(SO₄)₄] reveals an anionic chain, [B(SO₄)_4/2]^?, with both a twisted and a unique chair conformation of the B(SO₄)₂B subunits, Cu[B(SO₄)₂(HSO₄)] reveals isolated [B₂(SO₄)₄(HSO₄)₂]^4? anions showing exclusively a twisted conformation. The complex anion can figuratively be obtained as a cut‐out from the anionic chain by protons. Comparative DFT calculations based on magnetochemical measurements complement the experimental studies. Calculation of the pK_a values of the two conformers of the [B₂(SO₄)₄(HSO₄)₂]^4? anion revealed them to be more similar to silicic than to sulfuric acid, highlighting the close relationship to silicates.     

非均相温和条件下AlCl3/H2SO4高效催化一锅法合成蒽醌衍生物

成功研发了一种与已报道的方法相比合成蒽醌衍生物产量更高的新方法,该方法具有原料易得,收率高,反应时间短,反应条件温和以及操作容易等特点. 合成的蒽醌衍生物的结构由物性数据和光谱结果确定.     

Hydrolysis of HNSO2: A potential route for atmospheric production of H2SO4 and NH3

The hydrolysis of sulfonylamine (HNSO₂) results in the formation of sulfuric acid along with ammonia, and is of significant interest due to their negative impact on environment and life on Earth. The formation of H₂SO₄ through the reaction of HNSO₂ with (H₂O)_2-4 has been studied using high level electronic structure calculations. This hydrolysis reaction is a step-wise process, in the first step a H-atom from H₂O is transferred to the N-atom of HNSO₂ which results in the formation of NH₂, and in the next step, H₂SO₄, NH₃ and water molecule(s) are formed. The results show that the energy barrier associated with the formation of intermediates and product complexes is reduced by 7 to 10 kcal/mol when the number of water molecules is increased from 2 to 4. The rate constant was calculated using canonical variational transition state theory with small curvature tunneling correction over the temperature range of 200 to 1000 K. At 298 K, the calculated rate constant for the formation of intermediate in the first step is 2.24 × 10⁻¹⁶, 1.03 × 10⁻¹², and 2.10 × 10⁻¹¹ cm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹, respectively, for the reaction with water dimer, trimer and tetramer. The calculated enthalpy and free energy show that the reaction corresponding to the formation of H₂SO₄ is highly exothermic and exoergic in nature.     

A convenient synthesis of psoralen derivatives: Psoralen, 4-methyl-psoralen and 4-phenyl-psoralen

A convenient synthesis of psoralen derivatives, viz., 7H-furo [3.2-g] [1] benzopyran-7-one (psoralen), 5-methyl-7H-furo [3.2-g] [1] benzopyran-7-one(4-methyl-psoralen) and 5-phenyl-7H-furo [3.2-g] [1] benzopyran-7-one-(4-phenyl-psoralen) by blocking the 8-position of the starting compounds with iodine, subsequentClaisen migration followed by cyclisation is described

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Ein Einfacher Syntheseweg zu Psoralen-Derivaten: Psoralen, 4-Methyl-psoralen und 4-Phenyl-Psoralen

Zusammenfassung Zur Synthese der Titelverbindungen wird die 8-Position des als Ausgangsmaterial dienenden 7-Hydroxy-benzopyranons mit Jod blockiert, dann erfolgt Allylierung und nach einerClaisen-Wanderung die Cyclisierung.

     

Determination of interaction strength between corrole and phenol derivatives in aqueous media using atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure single interaction forces between corrole (host) and phenol derivatives (guests) in aqueous media. A gold tip was modified with thiol derivatives of corrole via the Au–S covalent bond. Such a tip was used to measure adhesion forces with a planar gold substrate modified with thiol derivatives of phenol and ortho-nitrophenol in aqueous solutions. The mean force between the corrole and ortho-nitrophenol was higher than that between corrole and phenol, probably reflecting stronger hydrogen bond interaction in the former complex. In the presence of a supporting electrolyte (0.1 M K₂SO₄), the mean force increased, suggesting that electrostatic and π–π interactions play an essential role in the adhesion force. In addition, the adhesion force measured at pH 6.0 was larger than that at pH 10, reflecting the electrostatic repulsion at the higher pH. These behaviours are consistent with the potentiometric responses of a liquid membrane based on corrole to phenolic compounds. Also, the values of forces for the interaction between corrole and phenol derivatives showed the same tendency as energy calculated for these complexes. The Poisson method was used for the calculation of the single force of the chemical bond between the corrole host and the phenolic guests.     

Density functional theory study with and without COSMO of H2SO4 reactions in an aqueous environment for metal extraction

In a recent study investigating the suitability of solvent extraction (SX) for the separation of Ta and Nb, it was shown that speciation data would be required to help explain the data obtained. As traditional speciation techniques cannot be readily applied for Ta and Nb, it was decided to determine the suitability of molecular modeling for this purpose. During the SX experiments the aqueous phase consisted of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), water, and metal species. In this study density functional theory (DFT) modeling was used to calculate the formation energy of five possible reactions of H₂SO₄ and H₂O. Different functional and basis set combinations were compared as well as the effect of infinite dilution by using the conductor-like screening model (COSMO), which simulates infinite dilution of solvents of varying polarity and includes the short-range interactions of the solute particles. The results obtained were used to determine whether it is possible to predict the reactions and mechanism when H₂SO₄ and H₂O interact during SX. According to the results, the deprotonation of H₂SO₄ was endothermic in a 1:1 acid–water ratio, while being both exothermic in the 1:5 and 1:10 acid–water ratio forming HSO₄⁻ and SO₄²⁻ respectively. Furthermore, it was seen that the hydration and dehydration of H₂SO₄ in a bulk H₂O solution was a continuous process. From the energy calculations it was determined that although the H₂SO₄●H₂O, HSO₄⁻●H₂O, and H₂SO₄●2H₂O species could form, they would most likely react with H₂O molecules to form HSO₄⁻, H₃O⁺, and H₂O. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Ferrocene‐based derivative bearing phenol group recognitive sites: efficient H2PO4− receptor

Two artificial receptors, bearing ferrocene and phenol groups, were synthesized and their anion‐binding properties were evaluated for F^?, Cl^?, Br^?, I^?, AcO^? and by UV–vis, ¹H NMR titration and cyclic voltammetry experiments in order to research the effect of different substituents on anion‐recognition properties. Results indicate that the anion binding abilities can be effectively tuned by introducing a nitro group in the ortho position of the phenyl ring of the receptors, and the most obvious effect is for . Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

硫酸对壳聚糖膜分离性能影响的本质

研究了Ｈ２ＳＯ４对壳聚糖（ＣＳ）膜醇水分离性能的影响．结果表明，Ｈ２ＳＯ４使ＣＳ上的—ＮＨ２质子化为—ＮＨ＋３，降低了极性较差的乙醇分子进入膜内的能力，提高了膜对水分子的吸附选择性．又因为ＳＯ２－４可以与２个—ＮＨ＋３作用，使部分ＣＳ链产生交联，缩小了分子透过的通道．由于乙醇分子比水分子大，故大大提高了膜对水的渗透选择性．所以，Ｈ２ＳＯ４能提高ＣＳ膜的醇水分离性能是以上两种因素综合作用的结果．     

铯-铷-钒系低温硫酸催化剂的研制

Cs Rb V catalyst for H 2SO 4 production at low temperature was prepared by use of metallurgical waste liquid (MWL) containing alkali metal salts. The result showed that X (SO 2)=24 8% on the catalyst prepared directly with MWL can be reached at 410 ℃, and if n (Na)/ n (V) has been adjusted properly, X (SO 2) can be increased to 35 6% at the same tempertaure. When MWL has been refined and mixed with other liquid material, it can make the catalyst activity at low temperature even higher. From the DTA result of the catalyst prepared from the refined liquid, it is found that both the endothermic apices and exothermic apices shift to low temperature obviously, indicating that the catalyst possesses higher activity at low temperature.     

Isotherme à 25°C du Système Quaternaire Réciproque H3PO4?K2SO4?H2SO4?K3PO4?H2O Etude des Nappes du Liquidus

25°C Isotherm of the Reciprocal Quaternary System H₃PO₄? K₂SO₄? H₂SO₄? K₃PO₄? H₂O Study of the Liquidus Curves The liquidus of the reciprocal system H₃PO₄? K₂SO₄? H₂SO₄? K₃PO₄–H₂O has been investigated as a last step in the determination of the equilibrium diagram at 25°C and 1 atm pressure. Solubility has been detected by conductometric measurements in isopletic sections selected in order to complete the data obtained from the limiting ternary systems and the previously found boundary curves. Four isopletic sections have been completely established: K₂SO₄? KH₂PO₄, K₂SO₄? K₂HPO₄, KHSO₄? K₂HPO₄ and KHSO₄? KH₂PO₄. The two first ones are quasi ternary systems. Nine portions have been studied and the curves of equal water content plotted. The liquidus of KHSO₄, K₈(H₂PO₄)_1+x(HSO₄)_7?x and KH₂PO₄ · KHSO₄, show a rotationel shape which reveals a retrosolubility depending on the water content.     

A new method for the mononitration of phenol derivatives by poly(4-vinylpyridinium nitrate) and silica sulfuric acid under mild conditions

This procedure works efficiently for high selective mono nitration of phenol and substituted phenol to corresponding nitro compounds in moderate to high yield using poly(4-vinylpyridinium nitrate) and silica sulfuric acid in dichloromethane at room temperature.     

固体酸催化剂SO2-4/SiO2-TiO2的制备及其催化酯化性能

 分别以机械混合法和浸渍法制备了SO2-4/SiO2-TiO2固体酸催化剂,以乙醇和乙酸的酯化反应为模型反应考察了不同SiO2含量及不同温度焙烧的催化剂的活性. 结果表明,机械混合法制备的400 ℃焙烧的SO2-4/40%SiO2-TiO2催化剂活性最高,部分回流时,乙酸几乎全部转化,全回流反应100 min时,其乙酸转化率达到84%. X射线衍射分析表明, SiO2抑制了硫酸氧钛的形成; 催化剂的活性组分包括一定量的四方晶锐钛矿型TiO2、 正交晶硫酸氧钛、少量立方晶金属钛和高比表面积的SiO2. 红外光谱分析表明,添加SiO2后催化剂形成 Ti-O-Si 键,进而使SO2-4与样品表面产生强相互作用; 结合的SO2-4主要以无机螯合状双配位和有机硫酸酯两种结构形式存在. 热重-示差扫描量热分析表明, SiO2的添加使SO2-4不易脱除,同时使锐钛矿TiO2向金红石相的转变温度降低.