Electromagnetically induced transparency from a single atom in free space

In this Letter, we report an absorption spectroscopy experiment and the observation of electromagnetically induced transparency from a single trapped atom. We focus a weak and narrow band Gaussian light beam onto an optically cooled 138Ba+ ion using a high numerical aperture lens. Extinction of this beam is observed with measured values of up to 1.35%. We demonstrate electromagnetically induced transparency of the ion by tuning a strong control beam over a two-photon resonance in a three-level Λ-type system. The probe beam extinction is inhibited by more than 75% due to population trapping.     

Electromagnetically induced grating and parity-time symmetry in coupled quantum wells

An asymmetric coupled three well system has been shown to exhibit PT-symmetry and electromagnetically induced grating (EIG), owing to electromagnetic induced transparency under the application of standing wave control and pump fields. The detuning of the probe and the uniform amplitudes of the standing wave control and pump fields could be used to tune the PT-symmetry. The probe beam is asymmetrically diffracted by the EIG either in positive or negative diffraction angles owing to the PT symmetry. The angle of diffraction can be controlled by the interaction length, probe detuning, and the uniform amplitudes of the standing wave control and pump fields.     

Electromagnetically induced grating in a thermal N-type four-level atomic system

The electromagnetically induced grating effect in thermal and cold atoms has been studied theoretically. Studies have shown that, by adjusting the parameters, the first-order diffraction efficiency of the probe beam in the cold atomic system and the thermal atomic system is 34% and 31%, respectively, which is very close to the ideal diffraction efficiency of the sinusoidal grating. However, it is more difficult to prepare the cold atomic system than to prepare the thermal atomic system in the practical application, so the study of the electromagnetically induced grating effect in the thermal atomic system may be helpful for practical applications.     

计及激子-双激子相干下半导体单量子点中的空间光孤子对

考虑激子-双激子的相干效应, 解析地研究了半导体单量子点中探测光和信号光的吸收特性和非线性传播特性.结果发现, 在线性条件下, 单量子点中出现电磁感应透明现象; 进一步分析可得, 电磁感应透明所呈现的是单窗口或双窗口或光学增益均可通过调节控制光强加以控制.在非线性条件下, 弱信号光诱导弱探测光产生两个分量, 这两个分量在系统中所激发的自克尔和交叉克尔 非线性效应与系统的衍射效应相平衡从而形成稳定的亮-亮, 亮-暗, 暗-暗等空间光孤子对. 关键词： 半导体量子点 电磁感应透明 空间光孤子对     

All-optical switching of dark states in nonlinear coupled microring resonators

We propose and analyze an on-chip all-optical dynamic tuning scheme for coupled nonlinear resonators employing a single control beam injected in parallel with a signal beam. We show that the nonlinear Kerr response can be used to dynamically switch the spectral properties between a "dark state" and electromagnetically induced transparency configurations. Such a scheme can be realized in integrated optical applications for pulse trapping and delaying.     

Controllable optical response in hybrid opto-electromechanical systems

We theoretically investigate the analog of electromagnetically induced absorption and parametric amplification in a hybrid opto-electromechanical system consisting of an optical cavity and a microwave cavity coupled to a common mechanical resonator. When the two cavity modes are driven by two pump fields, a weak probe beam is applied to the optical cavity to monitor the optical response of the hybrid system, which can be effectively controlled by adjusting the frequency and power of the two pump fields. We find that the analog of electromagnetically induced absorption and parametric amplification can appear in the probe transmission spectrum when one cavity is pumped on its red sideband and another is pumped on its blue sideband. These phenomena can find potential applications in optical switching and signal amplification in the quantum information process.     

Cavity-linewidth narrowing by means of electromagnetically induced transparency

Cavity-linewidth narrowing in a ring cavity that is due to the high dispersion and reduced absorption produced by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in rubidium-atom vapor has been experimentally observed. The cavity linewidth with rubidium atoms under EIT conditions can be significantly narrowed. Cavity-linewidth narrowing was measured as a function of coupling beam power.     

Multi-dark-state resonances in cold multi-Zeeman-sublevel atoms

We present our experimental and theoretical studies of multi-dark-state resonances (MDSRs) generated in a unique cold rubidium atomic system with only one coupling laser beam. Such MDSRs are caused by different transition strengths of the strong coupling beam connecting different Zeeman sublevels. Controlling the transparency windows in such an electromagnetically induced transparency system can have potential applications in multiwavelength optical communication and quantum information processing.     

电磁感应透明介质中的弱光空间暗孤子环

利用多重尺度方法,解析地研究了Λ型三能级冷原子气及一束较强耦合光组成的电磁感应透明介质体系中的非线性动力学性质.结果表明：一束较弱的探测光能在电磁感应透明介质中形成弱光空间暗孤子,当弱光空间暗孤子沿轴向传播时,它会逐渐演化成一个稳定的弱光空间暗孤子环,这是衍射效应和自散焦效应相互平衡的结果. 关键词： 电磁感应透明 弱光空间暗孤子环 多重尺度方法     

Chaos in an electromagnetically induced transparent medium inside an optical cavity

We theoretically predict and experimentally demonstrate chaotic behaviors in a system comprising of three-level atoms inside an optical ring cavity. This electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system is driven to chaos through period-doubling route by reducing the frequency detuning of the coupling laser beam. The chaos occurs in a different parametric regime as previously predicted and is believed to be caused by the enhanced dispersion and nonlinearity due to induced atomic coherence in such EIT system.     

铯原子气室中D2线泵浦探测光谱的实验观测

在铯原子气室中采用偏振方向相互垂直且同向传播的线偏泵浦光和探测光，研究了铯原子D2线的泵浦探测光谱。由于在6 S1/2 F=3 – 6 P3/2 F’=2 超精细跃迁中存在多个L型塞曼子能级结构，从而产生了电磁诱导透明导致的吸收减弱；而在6 S1/2 F=4 – 6 P3/2 F’=5 超精细跃迁中则观测到了电磁诱导吸收。通过改变泵浦光的失谐量，在电磁诱导透明形成的吸收减弱凹陷和电磁诱导吸收产生的吸收增强峰内部均观察到了反常的吸收信号反转。     

压缩真空中的电磁诱导透明

从主方程出发,通过解析求解密度矩阵非对角元,研究了压缩真空中Λ型三能级原子的电磁诱导透明现象(EIT).研究结果表明:EIT显著地依赖于相干光场的相位、压缩真空的压缩强度和压缩相位.Λ型三能级原子不但有电磁诱导透明和慢光速现象,而且还会表现出对探测光的增益、快光速和反向光速效应;且Λ型三能级原子对探测光场的吸收和增益与探测光强度有关,这与普通真空中不同. 关键词： 压缩真空 电磁诱导透明 增益     

Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in a Four-Level Atomic System

In this paper, we analyze and discuss the absorption properties of the probe beam in a four-level atomic system with a nearly hyper-fine doublet structure of two higher-lying excited levels based on electromagnetieally induced transparency (EIT) for the two cases of transient process and steady-state process. The main gain of this work is to investigate theoretically the influence of the nearly hyper-fine levels on the probe absorption. For the transient process, using the numerical calculations by a simple Mathematica code we find that the magnitude of the probe absorption at the line center is small compared to the typical three-level atomic system in the context of electromagnetieally induced transparency. For the case of the steady state, our results show that the probe absorption can be completely eliminated at the line center of the probe transition just as the usual three-level EIT scheme.     

Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in a Four-Level Atomic System

In this paper, we analyze and discuss the absorption properties of the probe beam in a four-level atomic system with a nearly hyper-fine doublet structure of two higher-lying excited levels based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for the two cases of transient process and steady-state process. The main gain of this work is to investigate theoretically the influence of the nearly hyper-fine levels on the probe absorption. For the transient process,using the numerical calculations by a simple Mathematica code we find that the magnitude of the probe absorption at the line center is small compared to the typical three-level atomic system in the context of electromagnetically induced transparency. For the case of the steady state, our results show that the probe absorption can be completely eliminated at the line center of the probe transition just as the usual three-level EIT scheme.     

Spatial weak-light solitons in an electromagnetically induced nonlinear waveguide

We show that a weak probe light beam can form spatial solitons in an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium composed of four-level atoms and a coupling light field. We find that the coupling light beam can induce a highly controllable nonlinear waveguide and exert very strong effects on the dynamical behavior of the solitons. Hence, in the EIT medium, it is not only possible to produce spatial solitons at very low light intensities but also simultaneously control these solitons by using the coupling-light-induced nonlinear waveguide.     

Generation of light carrying orbital angular momentum via induced coherence grating in cold atoms

We report on the generation of light carrying orbital angular momentum through Bragg diffraction into an electromagnetically induced coherence grating in a degenerate two-level system of cold cesium atoms. The induced Zeeman coherence grating is shown to contain the spatial phase structure of the incident beams. The exchange of phase information between a light beam with orbital angular momentum and a long-lived atomic coherence opens up the way to process quantum information encoded in a multidimensional state space.     

The Image Property in an EIT Information Transfer System

We focus on the study of the transferred image property in an electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)system.In our experiment,a triple-peak image is effectively transferred from a coupling beam to a signal beam based on the EIT effect.It is found that the transferred image intensity profile of the signal beam is the same as that of the coupling beam while not in phase.Furthermore,the propagation property of the transferred image is studied.Due to the narrowing effect,the transferred image keeps narrowing and maintains the shape well within a certain distance outside of the medium.Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical analysis.     

The difference in noise property between the Autler-Townes splitting medium and the electromagnetically induced transparent medium

The quantum noise of squeezed probe light passing through an atomic system with different electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler-Townes splitting effects is investigated theoretically.It is found that the optimal squeezing preservation of the outgoing probe beam occurs in the strong-coupling-field regime rather than in the weakcoupling-field regime.In the weak-coupling-field regime,which was recently recognized as the electromagnetically induced transparency regime(Abi-Salloum T Y 2010 Phys.Rev.A 81 053836),the output amplitude noise is affected mainly by the atomic noise originating from the random decay process of atoms.While in the strong-coupling-field regime,defined as the Autler-Townes splitting regime,the output amplitude noise is affected mainly by the phase-toamplitude conversion noise.This is useful in improving the quality of the experiment for efficient quantum memory,and hence has an application in quantum information processing.     

High frequency atomic magnetometer by use of electromagnetically induced transparency

Atomic magnetometers have achieved magnetic sensitivities in the subfemtotesla regime. Their bandwidth is determined by the transverse spin relaxation rate, 1/T2, which also determines the magnetic sensitivity. It is theoretically demonstrated that by using an electromagnetically induced transparent probe beam in a pump-probe atomic magnetometer, it is possible to operate the latter at frequencies much higher than its bandwidth, maintaining a high signal-to-noise ratio.     

Transverse Effects in Slow Light Propagation

The effect of finite control beam on the transverse spatial profile of the slow light propagation in an electromagnetically induced transparency medium is studied. From the second-order wave equation and linear response of an EIT medium to the signal field, we find it is possible to produce an effective waveguide for the signal field. The existence and properties of a set of localized, stationary transverse modes are demonstrated. Especially, by carefully manipulating the profile of the control beam, we can realize single-mode propagation for the signal field, which may be important for potential applications.