Highly active PtRuFe/C catalyst for methanol electro-oxidation

High methanol electro-oxidation activity was obtained on novel PtRuFe/C (2:1:1 at.%) catalyst. Mass and specific activities were 5.67 A  g⁻¹ catal. and 177 mA m⁻² for the PtRuFe/C catalyst while those of the commercial PtRu/C catalyst were 2.28 A g⁻¹ catal. and 87.7 mA m⁻², respectively. CO stripping results showed that on-set voltage for CO electro-oxidation was lowered by incorporation of Fe. XRD and XPS results revealed that Fe₂O₃ was formed instead of Fe(0), which resulted in large electron deficiency in Pt and easy CO electro-oxidation. The electron deficiency of Pt was proved by XPS results of Pt4f peaks, which moved to higher binding energies in PtRuFe/C than PtRu/C.     

State of copper-containing catalyst for methanol synthesis in the reaction medium

Hydrogen interaction with solid solutions of the composition Cu_0.08Zn_0.02O^* and Cu_0.15Al_0.10Zn_0.75O^* has been studied. It is shown that at catalytic temperatures the surface of anion-modified zinc oxide contains epitaxially bonded metallic copper particles. Reversibility of this phenomenon upon removing hydrogen indicates that in hydrogen medium a complex system consisting of the oxide stabilized by protons and epitaxially bonded with oxide metal copper particles formed.     

Nature of active sites in the cobalt-zirconium oxide catalyst

The temperature-programmed reduction, powder X-ray diffraction, and oxygen adsorption methods were applied to study the phase composition and the nature of the active surface of the catalyst Co(10%)/ZrO₂. The results of the physicochemical studies were compared with the data on the activity and selectivity of the catalysts in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H₂. The mechanism for the reduction of the cobalt phases in the Co(10%)/ZrO₂ system was proposed. The main features governing the formation of active sites of the synthesis of high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons were considered.     

Kinetics of methanol synthesis in the presence of low-temperature catalyst

The kinetics of methanol synthesis performed in a flow circulation installation in the presence of low-temperature copperzinc-aluminium catalyst has been investigated. The application of a power kinetic equation describing the surface chemical interaction on an exponentially inhomogeneous surface is established. The effect of the volume rate and the temperature is studied and the presence of a compensation effect is proved. A possibility of determination of the temperature and the volume rate, under which conditions the side-reactions do not affect the main one, is shown on the basis of the kinetic investigations.

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Nature of intermediates in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from methanol

According to the GC-MS analysis of the composition of liquid hydrocarbons obtained in methanol conversion on ZSM-5 zeolites and the selectivity of cyclohexene conversion on these catalysts, the sequence of the aromatization reaction steps is discussed.

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-- , ZSM-5, .

     

Microwave synthesis of polymer-embedded Pt-Ru catalyst for direct methanol fuel cell

Platinum-ruthenium nanoparticles stabilized within a conductive polymer matrix are prepared using microwave heating. Polypyrrole di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, or PPyDEHS, has been chosen for its known electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and solubility in polar organic solvents. A scalable and quick two-step process is proposed to fabricate alloyed nanoparticles dispersed in PPyDEHS. First a mixture of PPyDEHS and metallic precursors is heated in a microwave under reflux conditions. Then the nanoparticles are extracted by centrifugation. Physical characterization by TEM shows that crystalline and monodisperse alloyed nanoparticles with an average size of 2.8 nm are obtained. Diffraction data show that crystallite size is around 2.0 nm. Methanol electro-oxidation data allow us to propose these novel materials as potential candidates for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) application. The observed decrease in sulfur content in the polymer upon incorporation of PtRu nanoparticles may have adversely affected the measured catalytic activity by decreasing the conductivity of PPyDEHS. Higher concentration of polymer leads to lower catalyst activity. Design and synthesis of novel conductive polymers is needed at this point to enhance the catalytic properties of these hybrid materials.     

Effect of the active component concentration in supported catalyst on the selectivity

The selectivity of heterogeneous catalytic reactions can be controlled by varying the concentration of a catalytically active component supported on a carrier. This has been confirmed by data for o-xylene oxidation on vanadium pentoxide supported on alumina.

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CO_2加氢制甲醇用高活性和高选择性催化剂的研制

研制了一种CO2加氢制甲醇用高活性和高选择性催化剂Cu-ZnO-Al2O3(简记为RK-11),测定了其催化性能.结果表明,当原料气组成(体积分数)为68.5%H2、2.0%CO、20.5%CO2、9.0%N2,温度为240℃,气体时空速度GHSV=6 000h-1,压力为8.0MPa时,CO2转化率达35.2%,CO转化率达39.8%,甲醇的时空产率达686.1g/(L·h),而甲醇在产物中的选择性达99.3%.     

A sulfur-tolerant Pd/CeO2 catalyst for methanol synthesis from syngas

The catalytic activity of ceria-supported Pd for selective hydrogenation of CO is well preserved in the presence of 30 ppm H2S due to the parallel oxidation of sulfur by CeO2 under standard methanol synthesis conditions. The bifunctional nature of this catalyst opens a route for the conversion of sulfur-contaminated gas streams such as the integrated gasification combined cycle syngas or biogas into liquid fuels if desulfurization by conventional means is not practical.     

A sulfur-tolerant Pd/CeO2 catalyst for methanol synthesis from syngas

The catalytic activity of cefia-supported Pd for selective hydrogenation of CO is well preserved in the presence of 30 ppm H2S due to the parallel oxidation of sulfur by CeO2 under standard methanol synthesis conditions. The bifunctional nature of this catalyst opens a route for the conversion of sulfur-contaminated gas streams such as the integrated gasification combined cycle syngas or biogas into liquid fuels if desulfurization by conventional means is not practical.     

Copper supported on phenanthroline-functionalized porous polymer as an active catalyst for the oxidative carbonylation of methanol

Porous organic polymer has recently attracted tremendous interest because of its potential to combine the best features of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. In this study, copper supported on phenanthroline-functionalized porous polymer (Cu@PCP-Phen) was prepared by a co-polymerization method and used as a heterogeneous catalyst for dimethyl carbonate synthesis via the oxidative carbonylation of methanol. The catalyst was characterized by N₂ adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, ¹³C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which suggested that it possessed a big surface area, hierarchical porous structure, and strong electron-donating effect toward copper species. The Cu@PCP-Phen catalyst showed high catalytic activity, which was significantly higher than those achieved with Cu-based catalysts under similar reaction conditions. In addition, the catalyst can be easily separated and reused at least six times with only a slight decrease in activity. The salient features of this protocol are the simplicity in handling of the catalyst, high catalytic activity, excellent selectivity, low copper leaching, and good catalyst recyclability.     

Nature of active sites in hybrid metal-zeolite catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

The temperature-programmed reduction, powder X-ray diffraction, and oxygen titration were applied to study reducibility, phase composition, and structure of the active surface of the hybrid metal-zeolite catalysts Mβ@Co/Al₂O₃ (M = Pd, Co, and Fe). The results of physicochemical studies were compared with the data on activity and selectivity of the catalysts in the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons from the synthesis gas. The nature of transition metal and the method of its introduction into the catalyst influence the composition of synthetic liquid hydrocarbons. A comparison of the Feβ@Co/Al₂O₃ catalyst prepared by the ion-exchange method that exhibits the highest activity in the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons with a similar catalyst Fe/(Hβ@Co/Al₂O₃) prepared by the impregnation method indicated a distinct advantage of the ion exchange procedure. A mechanism of isomerization and cracking of primary linear alkanes on the M _n ^δ+ clusters in the Mβ@Co/Al₂O₃ systems was proposed. The mechanism explains the main features governing the group and fractional composition of the obtained synthetic hydrocarbons.     

V2O5催化甲醇与乙醇合成异丁醛

研究了甲醇与乙醇在V2O5催化剂上，常压375℃下一步催化合成异丁醛的反应，考察了催化剂活性组分质量分数和制备条件对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明，催化剂中V2O5质量分数为75%，焙烧温度480℃、焙烧5h时，催化剂的催化性能较其他条件更佳，乙醇转化率达98.03%，异丁醛的选择性达47.52%。对新鲜催化剂、反应后和再生后催化剂进行了XRD测试，并对反应后催化剂进行了DTA TG测试。结果表明，催化剂在反应过程中有结焦且V2O5在反应过程中被还原为V2O3。通过高温烧炭再生可烧去结焦物，并将V2O3重新氧化为V2O5而使失活催化剂恢复其催化活性。     

Formation of the active component of a vanadium-molybdenum oxide catalyst in acrolein oxidation

An acrolein-containing reaction mixture reduces V⁵⁺ to V⁴⁺, accompanied by decomposition of the ammonium salt of vanadium-molybdenum-silicon heteropolyacid (HPA) to form a compound with the tentative composition of VMo₃O_11+x, which is the active component of the catalyst.

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V⁵⁺ V⁴⁺, VMo₃O_II+X, .

     

甲醇在HY分子筛上合成异构烃的研究

在以分子筛为催化剂的甲醇转化研究领域中,最为成功的是甲醇在ZSM-5分子筛上转化制汽油的研究。由于在孔道结构以及酸性质上,ZSM-5型分子筛有着不同于HM、HY等其他分子筛的特点,使得它在甲醇转化制汽油的反应中有着其他分子筛不可比拟的优势。     

Kinetic model for anisol synthesis by methanol alkylation of phenol on a zeolite catalyst

A kinetic model for the reaction of phenol alkylation by methanol on a zeolite catalyst tested is suggested. Estimate of the kinetic parameters confirms the proposed reaction mechanism.

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Formation of the active component of a vanadium complex catalyst for the oxidation of anthracene to anthraquinone

The phase composition in various stages of preparation of the active material coating the catalyst for the partial oxidation of anthracene to anthraquinone was studied. The presence of an active phase was evidenced in the final active material as well in a precursor.

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Highly active catalyst for vinyl acetate synthesis by modified activated carbon

A new zinc acetate catalyst which was prepared from modified activated carbon exhibited extreme activity towards the synthesis of vinyl acetate.The activated carbon was modified by nitric acid,vitriol and peroxyacetic acid(PAA).The effect on specific area, structure,pH and surface acidity groups of carriers by modification was discussed.Amount of carbonyl and carboxyl groups in activated carbon was increased by peroxyacetic acid treatment.The productivity of the new catalyst was 14.58%higher than that of...     

用于直接甲醇燃料电池的高活性PtCo-CNT@TiO_2复合纳米阳极催化剂

采用溶胶凝胶法制备CNT@TiO_2载体,利用电沉积法制备用于直接甲醇燃料电池的PtCo-CNT@TiO_2阳极催化剂。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和电化学工作站对其进行表征。结果表明,PtCo-CNT@TiO_2复合纳米材料有明显的结晶,且金属粒子围绕在TiO_2包覆的碳纳米管的周围,用于直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂具有较高的活性与稳定性。该PtCo-CNT@TiO_2催化剂的电化学比表面积为164 m~2/g,65℃时甲醇的氧化峰电流达到45 mA/cm~2,计时电流曲线表明300 s后PtCo-CNT@TiO_2的氧化电流趋于24 mA/cm~2,在碱性条件下甲醇的氧化峰电流为39.7 mA/cm~2。