中子裂变链统计涨落问题的数值计算方法

研究了弱中子源驱动下,裂变系统中子裂变链统计涨落问题的数值计算方法。进行了数值计算建模、数值方法分析、数值计算检验、一类问题概率分布函数的统计涨落特征量的数值计算示范。特例数值检验表明:只要数值解方程组阶数(截断) N足够大,数值解满足归一(守恒) 律、指数增长律,并与精确解析解一致。对于非定常裂变系统中子裂变链统计涨落问题提出了一维等效模型下数值模拟的方法。     

Variable detection probability in two-photon interference

We report here the results obtained by applying a local and realistic theory to photon intereference phenomena [1], recently observed in a set of experiments performed by Mandel and co-workers [4,6]. In these papers Mandel discarded the possibility of a rational explanation of his results, in the sense that the high visibility obtained was according to him far above the maximum allowed by a classical theory. We shall see how a small set of hypotheses, highly plausible for a realistically minded physicist, drives us to a large visibility in agreement with these experiments.     

Risk assessment and laser safety

The basic tenets of risk assessment have always been applied in laser safety during the development of safety standards. For example, statistical methods were used in the probit analysis of the threshold of ocular injury; concepts of risk analysis were employed in the development of hazard classes, where the increased risk of exposure and potential for injury from increasing laser output power led to assignment of an increasing hazard class. In recent years, however, there has been a number of attempts to apply statistical probability analysis in the risk assessment of actual use conditions. However, once the hazard classification has been assigned, how should one further apply the techniques of risk assessment in the determination of hazard control measures, or does this lead to a potential controversy of what is the risk? Risk analysis is the evaluation of potentially hazardous exposure conditions coupled with a realistic assessment of actual human exposure. The maximum permissible exposure values for laser radiation coupled with the laser hazards classification scheme, already permit realistic health hazard evaluations. However, in determining effective hazard control measures, one must perform a risk analysis. A risk analysis must consider aspects of human behaviour and how behaviour affects exposure. This is frequently the area of greatest controversy in the derivation of safety standards; however, it is this aspect where standards are most needed.     

热像系统动态探测概率的研究

研究了热像系统动态探测概率。在对目前动态探测概率研究状况作简要讨论的基础上 ,建立了动态探测概率的一个微分方程。利用该方程可以研究探测器以速度 v(x)向目标运动过程中的动态探测概率。与传统的动态探测概率相比 ,所提出的方法考虑了目标的运动过程 ,而传统的动态探测概率虽然包含了时间 t,但它并不表征物体的运动过程     

单分子光子源光子统计的非平衡探测

研究了在Hanbury Brown Twiss探测方式下，非平衡探测系统对光子统计测量的影响。通过记录2个单光子计数器响应的单分子光子源输出的每一个事件，分析具有泊松统计背景的实际单分子光子源的光子统计特性，讨论并给出了非平衡探测系统的单分子光子源Mandel参数。研究表明：非理想的50／50分束器、非理想的线性传输效率和非理想的探测器都会使单分子光子源Mandel参数的实际测量结果小于平衡系统的Mandel参数，最后给出了单分子光子源Mandel参数的非理想探测的校正表达式。     

简并双光子激光的光子统计

从原子和场模的密度算符的主方程出发,应用Haake和Lewenstein所发展的原子变量绝热消除的算符方法,导出了简并双光子激光光场Wigner函数的福克-普朗克(Fokker-Planck)方程及其稳态解.利用稳态解的高斯近似,求得了在不同泵浦强度下,光子统计的解析结果如数值结果,并与前人的结果作了比较.     

“猫眼”目标的激光主动探测距离分析

激光对光电传感器主动探测的基本原理是基于光学系统的"猫眼"效应的。最大探测距离是探测系统的重要参数之一。对影响探测距离的几个重要因素如激光发射束散角、CCD灵敏度、大气能见度等进行了分析,给出了最大探测距离的数学模型,并在此基础上运用MATLAB进行了模拟仿真。分析结果表明,最大探测距离随激光发射束散角的减小、CCD灵敏度的提高而增大,随大气能见度的增强而增大。     

大气消光特性与机载激光雷达眼睛安全关系的研究

依据美国ANSI标准，定量分析了气溶胶、卷云和沙尘的垂直消光特性对机载激光雷达激光脉冲眼睛安全最大阈值能量的影响；以地基激光雷达探测得到的合肥上空沙尘暴为例，定量给出了大气中各成分消光特性对飞机眼睛安全最低高度的影响；模拟计算了各种大气成分的消光特性对激光脉冲眼睛安全系数的影响随高度的变化规律。计算结果表明：沙尘层对激光脉冲眼睛安全最大阈值能量的影响幅度可达几十毫焦。该结果为我国第一台机载大气探测激光雷达激光脉冲能量设置提供了基本依据。     

The effect of center-of-mass motion on photon statistics

We analyze the photon statistics of a weakly driven cavity quantum electrodynamics system and discuss the effects of photon blockade and photon-induced tunneling by effectively utilizing instead of avoiding the center-of-mass motion of a two-level atom trapped in the cavity. With the resonant interaction between atom, photon and phonon, it is shown that the bunching and anti-bunching of photons can occur with properly driving frequency. Our study shows the influence of the imperfect cooling of atom on the blockade and provides an attempt to take advantage of the center-of-mass motion.     

激光散斑效应对激光雷达探测性能的影响

分析了激光散斑效应对激光雷达探测性能的影响. 给出了远场情况下接收物镜所采集激光散斑数的表达式. 在物镜所采集的散斑和光电子数均较大情况下，提出了光电子所遵守的分布. 分别导出了机载和星载激光雷达的探测概率. 分析表明激光雷达探测性能与所采集的散斑数密切相关，接收的散斑数仅与激光束腰和物镜的口径有关，随着接收散斑数的增加，散斑噪声的影响将减弱. 关键词： 激光雷达 激光散斑 探测概率     

机载激光通信链路中光场二阶特性的分析计算

为了评估大气湍流对机载激光通信系统的影响,理论分析和数值计算了机载激光通信链路中传输光场的二阶特性,包括接收光斑尺寸、光斑偏移量、光束相干半径、光束到达角起伏。计算结果表明:大气湍流对空间激光通信系统的影响主要在低空对流层,并随着机载平台高度的增加而降低。由于受到低空大折射率结构常数的影响,上行链路的接收光斑尺寸、光斑漂移量比下行链路大。下行链路光束到达角抖动比上行链路大,其值为若干rad。提出的模型及计算结果,可以为机载激光通信系统设计及性能评估提供参考。     

高功率激光光束特性对激光加工的影响

决定光与物质相互作用的激光束的波长、入射角、偏振特性以及时间和空间特性是激光材料加工的主要光束特性。激光束的光束质量是其空间特性的量化反映。通过对两种不同激光加工系统输出激光光束质量进行测量和计算,根据多模激光束的聚焦理论,以及对激光深熔焊接实验结果的分析,研究了光束质量对深熔焊接焊缝成形的影响。结果表明,光束质量对聚焦光束的焦斑、聚焦角和焦深的影响不仅体现了激光源的可聚焦性,而且也标志了激光源的可加工能力,这是聚焦系统和焦点位置在选择过程中应该考虑的重要因素。     

基于激光主动探测的“猫眼效应”研究

 针对基于“猫眼效应”的激光主动探测技术在光电对抗中的广泛应用,建立了迎面观瞄光电装置光学系统反光指数数学模型,并结合探测组件建立了探测距离数学模型,模拟了反光指数与内部特性参数间的数值关系及探测距离与迎面观瞄光电装置主要参数间的数值关系。为了验证建立的数学模型的正确性,利用研制的激光主动探测装置,分别以2.5 mm、5.5 mm孔径角镜和25 mm、35 mm、56 mm孔径光电观瞄装置为目标,进行了最大探测距离模拟和验证实验,模拟值分别为1 290 m、1 656 m、866 m、1 919 m、1 226 m,实验值分别达到1 100 m、1 500 m、800 m、1 800 m、1 200 m。结果表明：最大探测距离模拟值和实验值有很好的一致性。     

Real-time detection of focal position of workpiece surface during laser processing using diffractive beam samplers

The real-time fabrication of microgrooves on a curved surface using a laser beam, without preprogramming their shapes into the machining instructions, is a major challenge in laser processing owing to limitations associated with the real-time detection of the focal position. A new approach using a sampled fraction of the beam from a diffractive beam sampler (DBS) is therefore presented in order to overcome this limitation. By considering the sampled fraction of the beam an analysis of the results allows for precise positioning of the specimen for focal-point identification. This allows for the determination of the focus for a broad variety of laser types and laser powers, thereby providing stringent focusing conditions with high numerical apertures. This approach is easy to implement, inexpensive, independent of the roughness or granularity of the workpieces, and more importantly does not require auxiliary lasers and displacement sensors for real-time measurement during the fabrication process.     

A laser beam deflection technique for the quantitative detection of ultrasonic Lamb waves

Ultrasonic Lamb waves have been measured with a quantitative optical beam deflection (OBD) technique. Calibration of the technique is derived for two cases of laser probe beam cross-section, one with a uniform beam and the other with a Gaussian beam intensity distribution. Expressions for angular beam deflection angle are derived for both cases in terms of the total light intensity falling on the photodetector, assumed to have a square-law voltage response. Using a Gaussian beam intensity distribution from a HeNe laser, the OBD measurements were compared with those from a Michelson interferometer to show that measurements were self-consistent.     

The relation between properties of Gentile statistics and fractional statistics of anyon

In this paper, we discuss the relationship of two kinds of intermediate-statistics, the Gentile statistics and the fractional statistics of anyons. The anyon winding number representation is introduced. We construct the transformation between anyon winding number representation and the occupation number representation of particles of Gentile statistics. We study intermediate-statistics quantum bracket and coherent states for anyons in the winding number representation. We demonstrate that anyons can be simulated by Gentile statistics with a geometric phase.     

基于概率密度分布型变化的突变检测新途径

对于一个稳定的动力系统而言,系统变量的概率密度具有较为稳定的分布型,而当系统的动力学结构发生变化后可能会导致系统变量的分布型发生不同程度的变化.鉴于此,本文从识别系统变量的概率密度分布的微小变化角度出发,将描述时间序列概率分布特征的偏度系数和峰度系数应用于时间序列的突变检测中.数值试验结果表明,偏度系数和峰度系数对突变信号具有很好的识别能力,进而揭示了一条检测突变的新途径.进一步的研究表明,新方法的检测结果对于子序列长度的选择具有较小的依赖性.     

The intensity detection of single-photon detectors based on photon counting probability density statistics

Single-photon detectors possess the ultra-high sensitivity, but they cannot directly respond to signal intensity. Conventional methods adopt sampling gates with fixed width and count the triggered number of sampling gates, which is capable of obtaining photon counting probability to estimate the echo signal intensity. In this paper, we not only count the number of triggered sampling gates, but also record the triggered time position of photon counting pulses. The photon counting probability density distribution is obtained through the statistics of a series of the triggered time positions. Then Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimation(MVUE) method is used to estimate the echo signal intensity. Compared with conventional methods, this method can improve the estimation accuracy of echo signal intensity due to the acquisition of more detected information. Finally, a proof-of-principle laboratory system is established. The estimation accuracy of echo signal intensity is discussed and a high accuracy intensity image is acquired under low-light level environments.     

The effect of laser beam size on laser-induced damage performance

The influence of laser beam size on laser-induced damage performance, especially damage probability and the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT), is investigated. It is found that damage probability is dependent on beam size when various damage precursors with different potential behaviors are involved. This causes the damage probability and the LIDT to be different between cases under a large-aperture beam and a small-aperture beam. Moreover, the fluence fluctuation of the large-aperture laser beam brings out hot spots, which move randomly across the beam from shot to shot. Thus this leads the most probable maximum fluence after many shots at any location on the optical component to be several times the average beam fluence. These two effects result in the difference in the damage performance of the optical component between the cases under a large-aperture and small-aperture laser.     

Role of phase fluctuation and dephasing in the enhancing continuous variable entanglement of a two-photon coherent beat laser

A steady state analysis of the nonclassical features and statistical properties of the cavity radiation of a two-photon coherent beat laser is presented. Results show that the degree of two-mode squeezing, detectable entanglement and intensity of the cavity radiation can increase with the deviation of the phase fluctuations of the laser employed in preparing the atoms, but decrease with the increasing rate at which the induced coherence superposition decays. Although it is found that varying the phase fluctuations and dephasing can lead to modification in the quantum features and statistical properties of the radiation, it does not alter the similarity in the nature of the degree of entanglement detectable by the criteria following from Duan-Giedke-Cirac-Zoller and logarithmic negativity in a perceivable manner. Since the intensity and quantum features can be readily enhanced, this system is expected to be a viable source of a strong robust entangled (squeezed) light under various conditions. Moreover, comparison of the mean number of photon pairs with intensity difference shows that the chance of inciting a two-photon process can be enhanced by changing the rate of dephasing and phase fluctuations.