A unified conformal model for fundamental interactions without dynamical Higgs field

A Higgsless model for strong, electroweak and gravitational interactions is proposed. This model is based on the local symmetry group SU(3)×SU(2)_L×U(1)×C,where C is the local conformal symmetry group. The natural minimal conformally invariant form of total Lagrangian is postulated. It contains all standard model fields and gravitational interaction. Using the unitary gauge and the conformal scale fixing conditions, we can eliminate all four real components of the Higgs doublet in this model. However, the masses of vector mesons, leptons, and quarks are automatically generated and are given by the same formulas as in the conventional standard model. In this manner one gets the mass generation without the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking and without the remaining real dynamical Higgs field. The gravitational sector is analyzed, and it is shown that the model admits in the classical limit the Einsteinian form of gravitational interactions.     

A toy model for Hidden Weinberg-Salam Higgs particle

We show that in theSU(2)×U(1) model with one more Higgs singlet, the Weinberg-Salam Higgs can be made Hidden.     

Modifications to the properties of the Higgs boson

We explore the impact of new SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1)$\mathit{SU}(3)\times \mathit{SU}(2)\times U(1)$ invariant interactions characterized by a scale of order a TeV on Higgs boson properties. The Higgs production rate and branching ratios can be very different from their standard model values. We also discuss the possibility that these new interactions contribute to acceptable unification of the gauge couplings.     

SU(2)×SU(2) Electroweak Theory I: The B3 Field on the Physical Vacuum

Nonlinear optics confronts the U(1) theory of electrodynamics with the dilemma of the existence of nonlinear fields. The U(1) group is completely linear and Abelian and causes consideration of an SU(2) theory of electrodynamics. An SU(2) theory of electrodynamics, with a B ³ magnetic field, means that physics is forced to consider an SU(2) × SU(2) electroweak theory. It is then demonstrated that the B ³ field exists on the physical vacuum defined by the Higgs symmetry breaking of this extended electroweak theory.     

Proton decay in four dimensional superstring models

In this paper, we discuss the contraints that emerge from baryon nonconserving processes in theSU(4)×O(4) andSU(5)×U(1) models derived in the fermionic formulation of the four dimensional superstring. We examine dimension five baryon violating operators arising a) from Higgs exchange diagrams, and b) from non-renormalisable terms which arise from the exchange of massive string states. Both kinds of the above operators put non-trivial constraints on the matter field assignments and on the vevs of various singlet fields of the string models under consideration.     

Flavour non-conservation induced by Higgs particle exchange inSU(2)L×SU(2)R×U(1) model

The VEV of the Higgs field inSU(2)_L×SU(2)_R×U(1) model is discussed in the context of the flavour changing neutral currents. The lower bound of Higgs particle mass is found (m _H ?3 TeV).     

Hierarchy of symmetry breakings and neutral currents in anSU(6) grand unification model

In anSU(6) grand unification model with eight quarks and eight leptons belonging to 15-plet and singlet representations, the symmetry is spontaneously broken by the sequenceSU(6)SU(3) ^c ×SU(2)×U(1)×U(1)SU(3) ^c ×U(1). Fror two cases of symmetry breakings the effective weak neutral current coupling constants are compared with experiment. For theSU(3) ^c ×SU(2)×U(1)×U(1)×SU(3) ^c ×U(1) symmetry breaking, the coupling constants reproduce the Weinberg-Salam model with a small correction term. Agreement with the experimental mean values is improved with the correction term. Parity violation in atomic physics is also discussed.     

On Nambu monopole dynamics in a SU(2) lattice Higgs model

It is shown that an SU(2) Higgs model on a lattice is equivalent to the Georgi-Glashow model in the limit of a small coupling constant between the Higgs and gauge fields. It can therefore be concluded that the transition between the confinement and symmetric phases in a 3 + 1 dimensional SU(2) Higgs model at finite temperature is accompanied by condensation of Nambu monopoles. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 66, No. 9, 577–580 (10 November 1997)     

Mass relations in the two Higgs doublet model from the absence of quadratic divergences

By setting the quadratic divergences to zero, four mass relations are obtained for the Standard Model generalized to two Higgs doublets. These four mass relations are obtained most simply in terms of the original fields in the Lagrangian, before spontaneousSU(2)×U(1) symmetry breaking is applied. Unlike the case of the Standard Model, the Higgs tadpoles of the two Higgs doublet theory do not furnish a complete set of mass relations, giving only three of the four.Work supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant DE-FG02-84ER40158     

Higgs boson emission in very rare decays of an extra vector boson

We explore the phenomenological structure of E ₆-inspired grand unified group with the gauge group SU(3)_c×SU(2)_L×U(1)_Y×U(1), the emphasis being laid upon its implications for Higgs boson observation. In particular, we discuss the probability for the mass eigenstate Z ₂ to decay into a Higgs particle and a bound state composed of heavy quarks. Constraints on and relations between the Z ₂ and Higgs masses are presented.     

Axion depending on the Higgs sector inSU(2)L×SU(2)R×U(1)

Using Higgses with quantum numbers of fermion bilinears we discuss the axion in four different Higgs sectors inSU(2)_L×SU(2)_R×U(1). Three of the cases are similar to the “standard axion” in the Salam-Weinberg model and in one case the axion can be made invisible.     

Quaternionic-valued Gravitation in 8D, Grand Unification and Finsler Geometry

A unification model of 4D gravity and SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) Yang-Mills theory is presented. It is obtained from a Kaluza-Klein compactification of 8D quaternionic gravity on an internal CP ²=SU(3)/U(2) symmetric space. We proceed to explore the nonlinear connection formalism used in Finsler geometry to show how ordinary gravity in D=4+2 dimensions has enough degrees of freedom to encode a 4D gravitational and SU(5) Yang-Mills theory. This occurs when the internal two-dim space is a sphere S ². This is an appealing result because SU(5) is one of the candidate GUT groups. We conclude by discussing how the nonlinear connection formalism of Finsler geometry provides an infinite hierarchical extension of the Standard Model within a six dimensional gravitational theory due to the embedding of SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1)⊂SU(5)⊂SU(∞).     

Phase portrait ofSU(5) model. II intermediate phasesSU(3)×[U(1)]2 and [SU(2)]2×[U(1)]2

The effective potential of the scalar field in theSU(5) model has extrema with symmetry:SU(5),SU(4)×U(1),SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1),SU(3)×[U(1)]², [SU(2)]²×[U(1)]². In our recent paper it was shown that theSU(4)×U(1) phase as well asSU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) phase were stable at the nonzero temperature in a vast region of parameters. In the present paper it is found that the [SU(2)]²×[U(1)]² symmetric vacuum is unstable and theSU(3)×[U(1)]² symmetric vacuum can be metastable in the certain interval of the temperature. Domains of the three phases:SU(4)×U(1),SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1),SU(3)×[U(1)]²-could co-exist in the early. Universe.     

The anomalous 3-boson couplings as an implication of the Higgs sector

We discuss the possible new electroweak interactions which may be generated by the Higgs sector at the scale of theZ mass. For this purpose, we give a set ofSU(2)×U(1) gauge invariant operators constructed in terms ofW, Z, γ and Higgs fields which in the unitary gauge describe all possible γWW andZWW anomalous couplings. The dimension of these operators varies from 6 to 12. This fact allows us to consider various scenaria for the manifestations of the New Physics. We conclude that the underlying dynamics induced by the Higgs sector can be tested through a model-independent amplitude analysis of gauge boson pair production at LEP2 and future colliders.     

Gauge symmetries of electroweak interactions

By considering the symmetries associated with baryon number and lepton number conservation as gauge symmetries, the underlying gauge symmetry of weak electromagnetic interactions is shown to beSU(2) _L ×U(1)×U(1)Baryon×U(1)_Lepton. If right-handed currents exist on a par with the observed left-handed ones, then the full symmetry of electroweak interactions that emerges isSU(2)_L×SU(2)_R×U(1)_Baryon×U(1)_Lepton. These symmetries offer a rich spectrum of massive neutral gauge bosons, one of which is the massive neutral boson of the standardSU(2) _L ×U(1) _Y model.     

Phase portrait ofSU(5) grand unified model

The one-loop effective potential of theSU(5) model is investigated both in high and low temperature approximation. We find the regions of values of coupling constants and temperatures where theSU(5), theSU(4)×U(1) and theSU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) symmetric states are metastable. A general method of such an investigation is proposed. We observe that the domain structure of the Universe with the simultaneous existence of the gauge symmetriesSU(4)×U(1) andSU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) in different domains could take place.     

Reduction of the finite grand unification theory to the minimal supersymmetric standard model

The recently proposed mechanism for reducing the finite SU(5) grand unification theory (GUT) to the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) is reanalyzed and simplified. For the scalar SU(2)×U(1) invariant Higgs doublet potential that results from SU(5) symmetry breaking to have no dangerous directions, a restriction on the parameters of the unified theory should be imposed. At the same time, this restriction guarantees that the scalar Higgs doublet potential has a minimum at zero at the GUT scale, and the low-energy theory appears to be exactly the MSSM. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 111, 787–795 (March 1997) Published in English in the original Russian journal. Reproduced here with stylistic changes by the Translation Editor.     

Inverted neutrino mass hierarchy and new signals of a chromophobic charged Higgs at the Large Hadron Collider

We explore the signals of a charged Higgs arising in a two Higgs doublet model respecting SUL₍₂₎×U(1)×Z₂$\mathit{SU}{(2)}_L\times U(1)\times Z_2$ symmetry with three singlet right-handed neutrinos, NR$N_R$. The charged Higgs in this model has negligible coupling with quarks, and has unsuppressed coupling to leptons and neutrinos. This leads to novel signatures of the charged Higgs at the LHC, especially in the case of an inverted neutrino mass hierarchy, in the form of electrons and muons with missing energy.     

A spontaneously broken quintet Baryon model for strong interactions

A gauge type model of quantum field theory for strong interactions based on a quinted of observed fields, namely the proton, neutron, , _c and _b baryon fields is proposed. Gauging the resulting global symmetry groupK= SU(3)×¹ U(1)ײ U(1)׳ U(1) for matter fields, one obtains boson-fermion field theory with eleven gauge bosons. The analysis of admissible Higgs sector indicates that the Higgs multiple consists of one adjoint and two fundamental representationsSU(3) and three scalar representations of¹ U(1),² U(1) and³ U(1). The structure of the Higgs sector implies that the original symmetry group extends to the groupK×U(2). Breaking spontaneously the obtained field theory, one converts gauge bosons into the eleven massive vector bosons which can be identified with the observed , K^*, ¯K^*, , , J/ and Y vector mesons. The surviving global symmetry is isomorphic with the symmetry groupSU(2)× ⁰ U(1)× ×¹ U(1)ײ U(1)׳ U(1) corresponding to the isospin, strangeness, baryon number, charm and beauty conservation observed in strong interactions. The surviving Higgs scalars have the same quantum numbers as , K, ¯K, , S, , , and _b mesons. The model gives a newSU(3) classification scheme for baryons without charm and beauty in terms of triplets, sextets and 15-plets. These multiplets can be identified with the observed baryons; the scheme also includes the observed Z₀ and Z₁ baryons (the experimental evidence of which is, nevertheless, still weak). The model predicts the existence and the specific quantum numbers of new mesons and baryons with charm and beauty, and provides a very simple framework for the dibaryon analysis. Since all final physical fields are massive, this model is free from infrared divergences.Invited talk presented at the International Conference Selected Topics in Quantum Field Theory and Mathematical Physics, Bechyn, Czechoslovakia, June 23–27, 1986.     

A low composite scale preon model with complementarity

We have constructed the first “realistic candidate” preon model with low composite scale satisfying complementarity between the Higgs and confining phases. The model is based onSU(4) metacolor and predicts four generations of ordinary quarks and leptons together with heavy neutrinos at the level of the standard gauge groupSU(3) _c ×SU(2) _L ×U(1) _Y . There are no exotic massless fermions. The global family group isSU(2)×U(1).