基于广义互相关技术的马赫泽德振动检测系统

针对马赫泽德干涉系统振动事件定位性能有待改进的问题,构建了双路马赫泽德振动检测系统,分析了时延估计振动定位原理,提出了用于双路探测信号时延估计的广义互相关算法,增加了信号频域分析的灵活性和可行性,通过数字滤波减小了系统的定位误差。实验结果表明,系统可以准确检测与定位施加在传感光纤上的方波信号、冲击信号及敲击信号,并在传感距离为940m长的光纤上实现了小于20m的定位误差和可重复的稳定检测。从而为光纤振动传感技术在矿业与工业等领域的推广应用提供了一种新的解决思路。     

分布式光纤布里渊散射温度传感实验系统

提出一种基于布里渊光时域反射计法的分布式光纤布里渊散射温度传感系统.光源采用窄谱半导体激光器.声光调制器将光源调制成窄脉冲,并由高增益光纤放大器放大,产生高功率光脉冲信号,提高了自发布里渊散射信号的强度.采用双通马赫-曾德干涉仪将布里渊散射从瑞利散射中分离出来,在一段4.25 km长的光纤上进行分布式温度传感的实验研究.双通马赫-曾德干涉仪对瑞利散射进行了很好的抑制,得到了比较纯净的随温度变化的布里渊散射信号.     

基于二次相关算法的双M-Z光纤传感器的定位方法

双马赫-曾德干涉仪型分布式光纤传感系统因灵敏度高而易受环境噪声及系统噪声的影响,使得利用直接互相关算法计算扰动信号位置存在较大误差.采用二次互相关算法,先对两路接收信号做互相关运算,再与其中一路信号的自相关结果做互相关运算,通过对两路信号的时延估计对扰动信号定位,减小了噪声带来的误差并提高计算准确度.对该算法进行了理论仿真和分析,搭建了实验装置进行了实验验证.实验结果表明,与采用直接互相关定位算法结果比较,采用本文算法能够有效提高系统对扰动信号的定位准确度,且具有较高的实时性.     

基于萨格奈克/双马赫-曾德干涉原理的长途管道破坏预警技术研究

针对现有技术在灵敏度和监测距离上的限制,提出了一种基于萨格奈克/双马赫-曾德干涉原理的分布式光纤传感方案,并对其探测和定位原理进行了分析.结果表明,利用从萨格奈克干涉仪解调出的信号可以判断有无破坏行为的发生,利用两个马赫-曾德干涉仪的输出信号可以实现对破坏行为的定位,从而为长途管道的破坏预警提供了一种较为理想的方法.     

基于双M-Z干涉仪的光纤周界防护系统

基于光纤双Mach-Zehnder干涉仪(MZI)结构对周界防护系统进行了设计研究。通过对两路经过不同延时的相同信号进行互相关运算,实现了对振动入侵点的定位。提出了一种分段数据处理方法,有效地提高了定位稳定性及准确性。测试结果表明,该双Mach-Zehnder干涉仪周界防护系统可以实时对振动点进行定位,在传感光纤长度为2km、采样率为2MHz时定位精度优于200m,能够长时间连续稳定工作。     

可调马赫-泽德干涉仪型NRZ到PRZ全光码型转换器

研制了一种基于光纤型马赫-泽德干涉仪的全光码型转换器.通过对工作温度的控制,实现了NRZ码到PRZ码的转换.分析了实现NRZ到PRZ码型的转换原理,讨论了干涉仪的结构设计.在10 Gb/s和20 Gb/s的码型转换实验中,得到较好的PRZ信号眼图.光谱分析表明,转换后的PRZ码包含了丰富的时钟分量,达到了理想的转换结果.结果表明,这种简单的光纤型非对称马赫-泽德干涉仪可以实现NRZ到PRZ的转换,并可以保持输出结果的稳定性.     

基于Sagnac光纤干涉仪的管道泄漏检测和定位技术

研制了一种基于Sagnac干涉仪的分布式光纤传感器,可实时进行管道泄漏检测与定位.阐述了该传感技术的工作原理和泄漏点定位方法,并推导了泄漏引起的光信号相位变化表达式。管道泄漏实验结果表明,水压为0.3MPa时,该技术能有效地检测到管道泄漏的发生并准确定位。     

新型分布式光纤管道泄漏检测技术及定位方法研究

介绍了一种基于萨尼亚克(Sagnac)干涉仪的直线型分布式光纤管道泄漏监测系统,实时进行管道泄漏监测和定位。此系统有两条传感光纤,可有效提高管道监测距离。推导了泄漏信号引起的光信号相位变化表达式;分析了该干涉仪应用于泄漏检测的原理及其泄漏源定位方法,并在分别距两传感光纤末端的法拉第旋转镜为3.990km和4.024 km处进行了泄漏检测实验。管道泄漏实验结果表明,该系统较准确地确定了泄漏源位置且定位误差小于1.05%.     

土壤温度对光纤预警系统中振动信号的影响

开展了光纤预警系统在实时监控振动信号时受到土壤温度影响的理论分析和实验研究。以基于后向瑞利散射的分布式光纤传感系统为基础,土壤振动分析采用弹性半空间理论,并与光纤传感理论相结合,解释了温度对光纤预警系统中土壤振动信号的影响,建立并分析了理论模型。通过对1.2km光纤预警系统的现场实验,采集了在温度改变时土壤振动信号的变化。实验表明,土壤振动信号的峰值光功率随温度上升增大,说明了光纤预警系统中的振动信号会受土壤环境的影响。     

三光路结构的调频连续波重采样测距方法

调频重采样是一种绝对测距技术。这种方法采用的光源波长随时间变化,形成一束宽光谱激光。激光在各时刻的波长通过辅助干涉装置进行测量,并对其中频率间隔相同的部分进行重采样,使调频测距系统具有较大的线性光谱带宽,较高的分辨率及精度。在实际测量过程中,测量装置本身及待测物都容易受到振动的影响,导致待测距离及辅助光纤长度发生变化,引入测距误差。针对这个问题,分析了振动对重采样测量结果产生的误差:(1)待测物的移动引入一个多普勒频移分量;(2)辅助光纤的振动使重采样频率也发生变化。为了弥补这两种误差,提出了一种三光路结构的补偿方法,在辅助光路中,使用一种光路结构简单小巧,且测量速度更快的全光纤马赫泽德干涉仪等效代替光谱仪,实时的监测信号光的瞬时频率。在测量光部分,在测量光路中引入两个部分反射镜产生两路补偿光信号,并通过FFT算法产生频谱。频谱的三个峰值分别与三路信号相对应。通过测量信号与其中一路补偿信号的峰值相减即可补偿多普勒误差,通过两路补偿信号的频率差与相对距离的比值即可得出实际的辅助光纤长度。实验证明,传统的重采样测距方法精度为23.6μm,三光路测距方法的精度可达到11μm,可见这种方法能够对系统的振动误差进行有效补偿。     

Distributed fiber-optic vibration sensor using a ring Mach-Zehnder interferometer

A novel distributed fiber-optic vibration sensing system is proposed and demonstrated. By employing a ring Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure as the sensing section, both position and frequency can be determined by combining two phase signals from the ring configuration. A spatial resolution better than 38 m is successfully verified in a 1.01 km prototype system of single vibration. Moreover, the feasibility of separately locating multiple vibrations is also theoretically simulated and experimentally investigated.     

Tunable 12×10 GHz mode-locked semiconductor fiber laser incorporating a Mach-Zehnder interferometer filter

A stable multiwavelength mode-locked semiconductor fiber ring laser incorporating a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) filter was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) serves as an optically controlled mode-locking element due to gain exhaustion caused by external injected optical pulses. Another SOA severs as a constant-gain medium. A fiber MZI filter with a temperature control is incorporated into the fiber ring cavity to acquire a stable and tunable multiwavelength oscillation. Twelve wavelengths are synchronously mode-locked at 10 GHz, pulse width of mode-locked pulse are about 30 ps. Proposed multiwavelength mode-locked semiconductor fiber ring laser has some distinct advantages, such as simple and compact structure, easy integration, convenient tuning, good stability, potential high repetition rate operating, which has potential application in the future WDM communication system.     

Four entangled photons generation using weak light and an all fiber optic scheme for multi-entangled photons generation

This paper proposes a simple scheme of four entangled photons generation using a pulse of weak light input into a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) incorporating a fiber optic ring resonator (FORR) without any optical pumping components included in the system. After a pair of entangled photon has been generated by a four-wave mixing of weak light pulse in the FORR [P.P. Yupapin, S. Suchat, Entangled photon generation using fiber optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer incorporating the nonlinear effect in a fiber ring resonator, Journal of Nanophotonics (JNP) 1 (2007) 013504], four and eight entangled photons can be performed. In application, the multi-entangled states can be formed using the appropriated coupling ratios into a fiber coupler. The effect of the entangled state walk-off along the optical fiber is discussed.     

Distributed fiber sensing system with wide frequency response and accurate location

A distributed fiber sensing system merging Mach–Zehnder interferometer and phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) is demonstrated for vibration measurement, which requires wide frequency response and accurate location. Two narrow line-width lasers with delicately different wavelengths are used to constitute the interferometer and reflectometer respectively. A narrow band Fiber Bragg Grating is responsible for separating the two wavelengths. In addition, heterodyne detection is applied to maintain the signal to noise rate of the locating signal. Experiment results show that the novel system has a wide frequency from 1 Hz to 50 MHz, limited by the sample frequency of data acquisition card, and a spatial resolution of 20 m, according to 200 ns pulse width, along 2.5 km fiber link.     

Fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on microcavities for high-temperature sensing with high sensitivity

A high-temperature sensor based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) in a conventional single-mode optical fiber is proposed and fabricated by concatenating two microcavities separated by a middle section. A femtosecond laser is used to fabricate a microhole on the center of a fiber end. Then a micro-air-cavity is formed by splicing the microholed fiber end with a normal fiber end. The interferometer is applied for high-temperature sensing, in the range of 500-1200?°C, with a sensitivity of 109 pm/°C that, to the best of our knowledge, is highest in silica fiber temperature sensors. Also, the interferometer is insensitive to external refractive index (RI), which is desirable for temperature sensors.     

82-channel multi-wavelength comb generation in a SOA fiber ring laser

We demonstrate a multi-wavelength semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) fiber ring laser with a dual-pass Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) filter. Two SOAs with different gain spectra provide sufficient gain and a wider gain spectrum to facilitate multi-wavelength lasing. The dual-pass MZI, configured by adding an optical isolator to the two outputs of the conventional MZI, serves as comb filter for multi-wavelength operation, and its extinction ratio can be enhanced to twofold as that of the conventional MZI in the same parameters. To investigate the influences of a dual-pass MZI filter and a conventional MZI filter on multi-wavelength operation, two different cavity configurations are presented and compared, including a single-SOA ring cavity and a double-SOA ring cavity. Stable simultaneous operation at 82 wavelengths, with a wavelength spacing of 40 GHz and a power deviation of 5 dB, and with a minimum optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of 28 dB, is observed from the double-SOA ring cavity using a dual-pass MZI filter.     

Optical fiber sensor based on a radio frequency Mach-Zehnder interferometer

This Letter proposes an optical fiber radio frequency (RF) Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) for sensing applications. An RF modulated laser source is injected into an optical fiber RF-MZI and collected by a photodiode. The interference pattern is observed in the RF domain by sweeping the frequency using a network analyzer. The proposed sensor has a linear response to applied temperature change. In addition, the sensitivity, observation frequency range, and the length of the sensing arm are discussed.     

Sensing system with Michelson-type fiber optical interferometer based on single FBG reflector

A sensing system,with Michelson-type fiber optical interferometer based on single fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as the reflector,is demonstrated.The system used a frequency-matched ring fiber optical laser as the source.The closed Michelson-type fiber optical interferometer system will be helpful in simplifying the developed interferometric sensor by replacing the double reflectors with only one FBG reflecting the doubleside light.The basic sensing properties of the system are demonstrated,with a fiber optic piezoelectric ceramic transducer embedded in the arm of the interferometer simulating the sensing signal.     

单轴分布式光纤传感器管线泄漏探测方法及定位理论分析

利用Sagnac干涉原理的分布式光纤传感器是一种可用于长途油气管线侵入、泄漏探测和定位的新技术.为了克服屏蔽和隔离Sagnac光纤环中未用作传感的那一半光纤所带来的屏蔽困难、成本增加等问题,提出一种单轴分布式光纤传感器的方法.其原理是利用一条光纤代替光纤环,并在光纤尾端设置法拉第旋转镜,构成偏振无关Sagnac干涉仪探测和定位管线泄漏.文中详细分析和讨论了该方法的系统光路和探测定位原理.     

A tunable and switchable single-longitudinal-mode dual-wavelength fiber laser incorporating a reconfigurable dual-pass Mach-Zehnder interferometer and its application in microwave generation

A tunable and switchable single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) dual-wavelength fiber laser incorporating a reconfigurable dual-pass Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) filter was proposed and demonstrated, which can be applied in microwave generation. By incorporating a high extinction ratio (ER) dual-pass MZI into an erbium-doped fiber ring cavity, SLM dual-wavelength lasing can be achieved even using a MZI with relatively little free spectrum range (FSR), and by beating the two wavelengths at a photodetector, a 9.76 GHz microwave signal with a 3-dB bandwidth of less than 10 kHz is obtained. Moreover, by direct linking the two outputs of the MZI, the high ER dual-pass MZI is easily reconfigured as a half FSR dual-pass MZI. Using this structure, switchable SLM dual-wavelength lasing can be conveniently realized.