An effective boundary method for the analysis of elastoplastic problems

In this paper, a series of effective formulae of the boundary element method is presented. In these formulae, by using a new variable two kernels are only of the weaker singularity of Lnr (where r is the distance between a source point and a field point). Hence, the singularities in the conventional displacement formulation and stress formulation at internal points are reduced respectively so that the "boundary-layer" effect which strongly degenerates the accuracy of stress calculation by using original formulae is eliminated. Also the direct evaluation of coefficients C (boundary tensor), which are difficult to calculate, is avoided. This method is used in elastoplastic analysis. The results of the numerical investigation demonstrate the potential advantages of this method.     

蠕变－弹塑性－损伤耦合响应的有限元分析

本文处理各向异性非线性材料的蠕变。弹塑性－损伤耦合响应的数值计算。建议了一个计算应力的三级向后欧拉积分算法。导出了一个利用Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ－Ｒａｐｈｓｏｎ迭代的一般的直接应力返回映射算法。同时求解应力向量和蠕变、塑性、损伤的内状态变量。也导出了用于全局Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ－Ｒａｐｈ－ｓｏｎ迭代过程的一致性切线矩阵公式。给出的数值例题结果表明所提出的算法和公式在模拟耦合本构行为上的能力和可靠性。     

基于微态方法的耦合韧性损伤的弹塑性本构模型

基于广义连续介质力学提出了一个热力学一致性的耦合微态韧性损伤的弹塑性本构模型。该模型遵循Forest的微态方法,在有限变形中提出引入额外的微态损伤因子及其一阶梯度以考虑材料的内部特征尺度。通过广义虚功原理得到了微态损伤的补充控制方程,对亥姆霍兹自由能进行扩展,得到了新的包含微态损伤变量的损伤能量释放率,在微态损伤的正则化作用下,采用隐式迭代更新局部损伤和应力等状态变量。基于Galerkin加权余量法,推导了以传统位移和微态损伤为基本未知量的有限元列式。利用该数值模型,对DP1000材料的单向拉伸实验和十字形零件的冲压实验进行了应变局部化与材料断裂的有限元分析。结果表明,该微态弹塑性损伤模型可以得到一致的有限元模拟响应曲线并收敛到实验曲线,从而避免发生网格依赖性问题。     

Sensitivity analysis for 3-D elastoplastic structural reliability

By taking the elastoplastic effect of structural material into account and based on 3-D elastoplastic stochastic finite element method, methods for sensitivity analysis with respect to both the distribution parameters of random variables and parameters in the limit state function are suggested. In the incremental iterative calculation, the sub-increment changingK, method and the corresponding formulas for accelerating convergence are used. The sensitivity of 3-D structural system reliability with respect to random variables is also studied.     

三维加锚弹塑性损务模型在溪洛渡地下厂房工程中的应用

本文根据断续裂隙岩体的损伤机制,建立了三维弹塑性损伤本构模型反映裂隙岩体的损伤变形特性。考虑断续裂隙岩体的岩锚支护效应,建立了空间损伤锚柱单元模型模拟锚杆的支护效果。最后将建立的模型应用于溪洛渡水电站地下厂房,进行了洞室群开挖弹塑性损伤及岩锚支护三维非线性有限元计算,获得了一些有益的工程结论。     

Boundary element analysis for elastic and elastoplastic problems of 2D orthotropic media with stress concentration

Both the orthotropy and the stress concentration are common issues in modern structural engineering. This paper introduces the boundary element method (BEM) into the elastic and elastoplastic analyses for 2D orthotropic media with stress concentration. The discretized boundary element formulations are established, and the stress formulae as well as the fundamental solutions are derived in matrix notations. The numerical procedures are proposed to analyze both elastic and elastoplastic problems of 2D orthotropic media with stress concentration. To obtain more precise stress values with fewer elements, the quadratic isoparametric element formulation is adopted in the boundary discretization and numerical procedures. Numerical examples show that there are significant stress concentrations and different elastoplastic behaviors in some orthotropic media, and some of the computational results are compared with other solutions. Good agreements are also observed, which demonstrates the efficiency and reliability of the present BEM in the stress concentration analysis for orthotropic media. The project supported by the Basic Research Foundation of Tsinghua University, the National Foundation for Excellent Doctoral Thesis (200025) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19902007). The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

混凝土的一种标量损伤弹塑性本构模型

荷载作用下材料性能的劣化是混凝土结构的微观损伤机理,其宏观表现为结构刚度的折减和承载力的降低。论文推导了基于不可逆热力学过程的弹塑性标量损伤本构,给出时间离散的屈服准则。采用基于向后Euler法的应力更新算法——两步图形返回的最近点投影法,推导了满足迭代结果收敛假设的塑性参数及算法刚度张量,给出了空间梁单元本构积分算法的Jacobi矩阵。将模型用于混凝土简支梁的承载力试验模拟,与计算数据对比表明了模型和算法的合理性和有效性。     

气泡在液体中运动过程的数值模拟

本文用数值方法预测气泡在液体中的百定常运动。运用位标函数进行界面的隐含跟踪并且与有限体积法相结合构成一种可行的计算方法。本文方法允许在界面处存在很大的物性差，而且较容易将表面张力引入控制方程。我们对气液两相流中单个气泡的运动进行了计算，得到了与实验结果符合很好的数值结果。     

A constitutive model and elastoplastic analysis of structures under cyclic loading

A constitutive model for cyclic plasticity is briefly outlined. Then the model is implemented in a finite element code to predict the response of cyclic loaded structural components such as a double-edge-notched plate, a grove bar and a nozzle in spherical shell. Comparision with results from other theories and experiments shows that the results obtained by using the present model are very satisfactory.The Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Neural networks for computing in the elastoplastic analysis of structures

A neural network model is proposed and studied for the treatment of elastoplastic analysis problems. These problems are formulated as Q.P.P.s with inequality subsidiary conditions. In order to treat these conditions the Hopfield model is appropriately generalized and a neural model is proposed covering the case of inequalities. Finally, the parameter identification problem is formulated as a supervised learning problem. Numerical applications close the presentation of the theory and the advantages of the neural network approach are illustrated.

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Sommario Si propone un modello di rete neurale con l'obiettivo di usarlo per la trattazione di problemi di analisi elastoplastica, formulati come problemi di programmazione quadratica con disequazioni sussidiarie. Allo scopo di trattare queste condizioni si generalizza il modello di Hopfield e si propone un modello neurale che copre il caso di disequazioni. Inoltre il problema di identificazione parametrica viene formulato come un problema di apprendimento guidato. La presentazione della teoria è seguita da esempi di applicazioni numeriche e dalla illustrazione dei vantaggi dell'uso delle reti neurali.

     

钢结构斜隅支撑体系弹塑性计算方法研究

钢结构斜隅支撑体系是一种新型结构体系。与一般的纯框架和中心支撑框架体系不同,该体系综合了延性好、抗侧移刚度大的特点。在遭遇罕遇地震荷载作用下,结构通过隅撑的弯曲屈服耗能,保证其他主要构件不受损伤,使得震后修复较为容易且费用较低。但此类结构复杂的非线性分析在一定程度上阻碍了其推广与应用。本文经过力学分析推导,结合有限元方法和塑性铰理论提出了一种简化计算分析模型。采用该模型,整个求解过程仅涉及少量的线性计算,不涉及迭代,可以有效地简化斜隅支撑结构在侧向荷载作用下的弹塑性受力分析。算例表明,该计算方法建模合理,运算速度快。同时,计算结果稳定、可靠,与有限元分析程序得出的结果具有较好的一致性。     

A new hybrid stress element method for the analysis of elastoplastic solids

Based on a modified Hellinger/Reissner variational principle which includes the equivalent stress, equivalent plastic strain and non-conforming displacement increments as independent variables, a quadrilateral isoparametric hybrid stress element for the analysis of elastoplastic problem is proposed. By this formulation, the yield criterion and flow rule are satisfied in an average sense and greater accuracy can be obtained by using non-conforming displacement. A numerical example is presented to show that the present model has high accuracy and computational effectiveness.This project is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the State Education Commission.     

A coupled finite element model for the consolidation of nonisothermal elastoplastic porous media

A coupled finite element model for the analysis of the deformation of elastoplastic porous media due to fluid and heat flow is presented. A displacement-pressure temperature formulation is used for this purpose. This formulation results in an unsymmetric coefficient matrix, even in the case of associated plasticity. A partitioned solution procedure is applied to restore the symmetry of the coefficient matrix. The partitioning procedure is an algebraic one which is carried out after integration in the time domain. For this integration, a two-point recurrence scheme is used. The finite element model is applied to the investigation of nonisothermal consolidation in various situations.     

Meshless methods for the inverse problem related to the determination of elastoplastic properties from the torsional experiment

The problem of determining the elastoplastic properties of a prismatic bar from the given experimental relation between the torsional moment M and the angle of twist per unit length of the rod’s length θ is investigated as an inverse problem. The proposed method to solve the inverse problem is based on the solution of some sequences of the direct problem by applying the Levenberg-Marquardt iteration method. In the direct problem, these properties are known, and the torsional moment is calculated as a function of the angle of twist from the solution of a non-linear boundary value problem. This non-linear problem results from the Saint-Venant displacement assumption, the Ramberg–Osgood constitutive equation, and the deformation theory of plasticity for the stress–strain relation. To solve the direct problem in each iteration step, the Kansa method is used for the circular cross section of the rod, or the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) and the method of particular solutions (MPS) are used for the prismatic cross section of the rod. The non-linear torsion problem in the plastic region is solved using the Picard iteration.     

A generalized self-consistent Mori-Tanaka model for predicting the effective moduli of the coated inclusion based composite materials

The weak point of the generalized self-consistent method (GSCM) is that its solution for the effective shear moduli involves determining the complicated displacement and strain fields in constitutents. Furthermore, the effective moduli estimated by GSCM cannot be expressed in an explicit form. Instead of following the procedure of GSCM, in this paper a generalized self-consistent Mori-Tanaka method (GSCMTM) is developed by means of Hill's interface condition and the assumption that the strain in the inclusion is uniform. A comparison with the existing theoretical and experimental results shows that the present GSCMTM is sufficiently accurate to predict the effective moduli of the coated inclusion-based composite materials. Moreover, it is interesting to find that the application of Hill's interface condition in volumetric domain is equivalent to the Mori-Tanaka average field approximation. This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation.     

适用于自洽强度方法的冲击加载-再加载实验技术

针对自洽强度方法存在的冲击加载-再加载的难题,提出了一种采用较高硬度材料为支撑制作组合飞片的简便方法。利用该方法获得了铝、锡和锆基金属玻璃较理想的冲击加载-再加载粒子速度剖面,验证了该方法的有效性。由本文获得的冲击加载-再加载粒子速度剖面,并根据自洽方法,计算得到了铝、锡和锆基金属玻璃再加载过程剪应力变化数据。进一步分析表明,在本文涉及的压力范围内,仅由冲击加载-卸载实验得到的铝、锡和锆基金属玻璃屈服强度将比实际结果降低20%~50%。因此,在采用自洽方法计算高压强度时,冲击加载-再加载数据不可或缺。     

A note on a family of proximal gradient methods for quasi-static incremental problems in elastoplastic analysis

Accelerated proximal gradient methods have recently been developed for solving quasi-static incremental problems of elastoplastic analysis with some different yield criteria. It has been demonstrated through numerical experiments that these methods can outperform conventional optimization-based approaches in computational plasticity. However, in literature these algorithms are described individually for specific yield criteria, and hence there exists no guide for application of the algorithms to other yield criteria. This short paper presents a general form of algorithm design, independent of specific forms of yield criteria, that unifies the existing proximal gradient methods. Clear interpretation is also given to each step of the presented general algorithm so that each update rule is linked to the underlying physical laws in terms of mechanical quantities.     

First-order gradient damage theory

Taking the strain tensor, the scalar damage variable, and the damage gradient as the state variables of the Helmholtz free energy, the general expressions of the firstorder gradient damage constitutive equations are derived directly from the basic law of irreversible thermodynamics with the constitutive functional expansion method at the natural state. When the damage variable is equal to zero, the expressions can be simplified to the linear elastic constitutive equations. When the damage gradient vanishes, the expressions can be simplified to the classical damage constitutive equations based on the strain equivalence hypothesis. A one-dimensional problem is presented to indicate that the damage field changes from the non-periodic solutions to the spatial periodic-like solutions with stress increment. The peak value region develops a localization band. The onset mechanism of strain localization is proposed. Damage localization emerges after damage occurs for a short time. The width of the localization band is proportional to the internal characteristic length.     

A generalized self-consistent polycrystal model for the yield strength of nanocrystalline materials

Inspired by recent molecular dynamic simulations of nanocrystalline solids, a generalized self-consistent polycrystal model is proposed to study the transition of yield strength of polycrystalline metals as the grain size decreases from the traditional coarse grain to the nanometer scale. These atomic simulations revealed that a significant portion of atoms resides in the grain boundaries and the plastic flow of the grain-boundary region is responsible for the unique characteristics displayed by such materials. The proposed model takes each oriented grain and its immediate grain boundary to form a pair, which in turn is embedded in the infinite effective medium with a property representing the orientational average of all these pairs. We make use of the linear comparison composite to determine the nonlinear behavior of the nanocrystalline polycrystal through the concept of secant moduli. To this end an auxiliary problem of Christensen and Lo (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 27 (1979) 315) superimposed on the eigenstrain field of Luo and Weng (Mech. Mater. 6 (1987) 347) is first considered, and then the nonlinear elastoplastic polycrystal problem is addressed. The plastic flow of each grain is calculated from its crystallographic slips, but the plastic behavior of the grain-boundary phase is modeled as that of an amorphous material. The calculated yield stress for Cu is found to follow the classic Hall-Petch relation initially, but as the gain size decreases it begins to depart from it. The yield strength eventually attains a maximum at a critical grain size and then the Hall-Petch slope turns negative in the nano-range. It is also found that, when the Hall-Petch relation is observed, the plastic behavior of the polycrystal is governed by crystallographic slips in the grains, but when the slope is negative it is governed by the grain boundaries. During the transition both grains and grain boundaries contribute competitively.     

Coupled viscoplasticity damage constitutive model for concrete materials

A coupled viscoplasticity damage constitutive model for concrete materials is developed within the framework of irreversible thermodynamics.Simultaneously the Helmholtz free energy function and a non-associated flow potential function are given, which include the internal variables of kinematic hardening,isotropic hardening and dam- age.Results from the numerical simulation show that the model presented can describe the deformation properties of the concrete without the formal hypotheses of yield criterion and failure criteria,such as the volume dilatancy under the compression,strain-rate sen- sitivity,stiffness degradation and stress-softening behavior beyond the peak stress which are brought by damages and fractures.Moreover,we could benefit from the application of the finite element method based on this model under complex loading because of not having to choose different constitutive models based on the deformation level.