高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱分析蔷薇中的化学成分

蔷薇科(Rosaceae)蔷薇属(Rosa)植物全世界共有200余种,我国有82种[1],该属植物有重要的药用价值,如峨嵋蔷薇(Rosa omeiensis Rolfe Rhed.et Wils.)果实具有止血、止痢等功效,美蔷薇(Rose bella Rehd.et Wils.)具有理气、活血等功效,绢毛蔷薇(Rose sericea Lindl.)果实具有消食键胃、止泻等作用[2].几十年来,国内外学者对该属植物进行了一些化学和药理研究,为了便于对该属作为传统中药资源进行研究开发,我们建立了快速定性分析3种蔷薇的化学成分的高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱方法,从中初步分离鉴定了10种化学成分,分别为:4'-羟双氢黄酮、金丝桃甙、金合欢素、山奈素-3-O-葡萄糖甙、没食子酸甲酯4-O葡萄糖甙、报春素、槲皮素、tiliroside、epi-arjunic acid、pomolic acid.     

石斛属植物化学成分研究概况

石斛作为我国传统中药材,有着悠久的应用历史.随着现代科技的发展,人们对于石斛的研究更加深入.论文在石斛种质资源、有效化学成分、栽培方式与化学成分等方面综述国内石斛属植物的研究现状,重点阐述国内对石斛属植物化学成分方面的研究概况,指出不同品种石斛属植物化学成分的差异分析和药理活性研究是当今研究重点,提出未来应在植物分子水平上对石斛属植物进行更多的研究,为国内石斛属植物资源的保护、利用和可持续发展提供科学依据.     

红厚壳属植物化学成份及药理活性研究进展

综述了近年来对红厚壳属植物中的化学成分及药理活性研究，重点讨论了18种 红厚壳属植物中Zhao吨酮类，香豆素类，黄酮类和萜类的化学成分，并讨论了它们 的药理活性。     

毛华菊氯仿部位的化学成分及抗肿瘤活性研究

对毛华菊(Dendranthema vestitum)氯仿部位的化学成分进行研究并筛选其中具有抗肿瘤活性的化学成分。采用Diaion HP-20、MCI gel、硅胶及制备高效液相等色谱方法,对毛华菊氯仿部位的化学成分进行研究,利用现代波谱技术对已分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。MTT法筛选所得化学成分体外对两种人肝癌细胞增值的抑制活性。从毛华菊的氯仿部位分离得到6个化合物,分别为:acetylene(E)-3(1)、acetylene(E)-9(2)、青蒿亭(3)、chrysoplenetin(4)、5-羟基-6,7,3',4',-四甲氧基黄酮(5)和正十六烷酸(6)。化合物1和2对于Hep G2和Huh-7细胞株的体外抑制作用较强。化合物1～6均为首次从毛华菊中分离得到,其中化合物2为首次从菊属植物中分离得到。毛华菊氯仿部位含有抗肿瘤活性物质聚炔类化合物。     

黄花木化学成分研究

从黄花木中分离得到5种化合物,经化学和光谱方法鉴定它们为:野决明碱、安那吉碱、金雀花碱、β-谷甾醇及1新化合物5-α-羟基-7,17-脱氢异羽扇豆碱。研究结果表明,黄花木属、野决明属和沙冬青属植物在植物化学分类学上具有亲缘关系。     

石斛根中三个新的菲醌类化合物

综合运用多种现代色谱技术对兰科石斛属植物石斛Dendrobium nobile Lindl.根中的化学成分进行了系统的分离纯化,从其根的乙醇提取物中分离得到了phenanobiles A～C (1～3),6,7-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-1,4-phenanthrenedione (4)和ephemera...     

光叶黄花化学成分研究（Ⅰ）：一种新生物碱的结构

光叶黄花(Thermopsis licentiana)是豆科野决明属植物,同属植物中有许多用以入药治疗狂犬病,该类植物的化学成分尚未见报道,为此,我们对其进行了研究,从中得到一种新生物碱晶A_4并进行了分离与鉴定。     

黑叶菝葜中呋甾烷甙

百合科菝葜属(SmilaxL.)植物在我国品种较多,且许多为民间药用,继前文我们又对黑叶菝葜(S.NigrescensWangetTang)的化学成分进行了研究,从其根部的乙醇提取物中得到4种呋甾烷甙,其中一种为新化合物,本文报道它们的结构鉴定。     

气相色谱-质谱分析新种海绵Reniochalina sp.中的低极性组分

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）与核磁共振氢谱（1H-NMR）相结合的方法,对中国黄海肾指海绵属新种海绵Reniochalina sp.中的低极性组分进行了研究。实验首先采用环己烷对海绵进行提取,然后将提取液浓缩,用硅胶柱对其进行柱色谱分离。取乙酸乙酯-环己烷（体积比为1∶9）混合液梯度洗脱所得油状物用于连续两次制备色谱分离,得到两个样品,对其进行1H-NMR及GC-MS分析。此次实验共从该海绵中分离鉴定出10种链烃、2种脂肪酸、2种脂肪酸酯、邻苯二甲酸以及3种邻苯二甲酸二酯共18种化学成分。该研     

腺叶蔷薇果实化学成分的HPLC-MS分析

蔷薇属植物广泛分布于世界各地,在我国有80余种,其中许多具有药用价值。该属植物的叶片和果实中含有槲皮素、山奈酚、芦丁等多种黄酮类化合物和齐墩果酸、乌苏酸等三萜化合物。腺叶蔷薇(RosakokanicaRegelexJuzep)主要分布于新疆,生长在海拔1500-2500m的山坡及林缘,其果实具有活血化淤、去风除湿和解毒收敛的功效。由于该植物果实的化学成分还未见报道,我们利用高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱对其提取物进行分析,从所获得的紫外和质谱信息,并参考与之生源相近的同属其它植物化学成分研究的结果,初步鉴定出5个主要的化学成分。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.