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超分子化学起源于主客体化学,其发展亦很大程度上依赖于主客体化学。而大环受体分子作为主客体化学重要组成部分在有机功能材料的构筑方面已逐渐显示出其无穷的魅力。在过去的几十年里,科研工作者们深入研究了包括冠醚、环糊精、杯芳烃、葫芦脲、柱芳烃在内的多种有机超分子主体化合物。其中,柱芳烃作为一种新型的易官能化的主体分子,由于其独特的刚性柱状结构和优良的物理、化学性质日益受到广泛关注。它为有机功能材料的制备以及超分子化学的发展提供了更多可能。到目前为止,基于柱芳烃的有机功能材料已在分子识别、细菌病毒抑制、农药检测、重金属离子识别、光传感、纳米粒子的稳定、催化、生物传感及药物控释等多个领域得到运用。本文结合这些材料现阶段的研究进展,对其在上述领域的应用进行简单明晰地总结与展望。 相似文献
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伴随着新型主体分子的不断出现,主客体超分子囊泡的研究受到越来越多的关注。环糊精、杯芳烃、葫芦脲和柱芳烃等主体分子均可以和特定结构的客体分子通过主客体识别作用构筑超分子双亲分子,得到的超分子双亲分子可以进一步自组装为主客体超分子囊泡。主客体超分子囊泡是一类具有敏感响应性的囊泡体系,具有制备简单、生物相容性好和易于控制组装等优点。该囊泡体系对外界刺激具有良好的响应性,从而可以实现药物分子的可控运输和释放,使其成为一种性能独特的药物载运系统。本文结合近年来主体分子的发展,首先介绍了环糊精、杯芳烃、葫芦脲和柱芳烃等主客体超分子囊泡的研究进展,然后对该类超分子囊泡的载药途径进行了总结。该囊泡体系不仅可以在囊泡膜层和空腔中载药,还可以在主体分子的空腔中载药。同时,对载药主客体超分子囊泡的不同刺激响应性进行了归纳概括。最后结合该体系现阶段的研究状况,对该类超分子囊泡的发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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柱芳烃是由对苯二酚或对苯二酚醚通过亚甲基桥在苯环的对位连接而成的一类环状低聚物, 是一类新型的大环主体分子. 本文介绍了柱芳烃和功能化柱芳烃分子的合成, 以及在分子识别、 自组装等主客体化学方面的最新研究进展, 并对其研究前景进行展望. 相似文献
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磺化杯芳烃具有非常强的分子键合能力, 被广泛用于水相超分子自组装研究. 介绍了磺化杯芳烃与客体阳离子形成超分子组装体的主要驱动力和形貌调控因素; 总结了包括主体诱导客体聚集、客体诱导主体聚集及主客体共组装在内的三种主要聚集模式; 并展望了其在刺激响应材料、药物传递载体、多功能超分子平台和超分子催化等领域的重要应用前景. 相似文献
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柱芳烃是一类具有柱状空腔结构的大环主体,近年来逐渐成为主客体作用构筑超分子体系的重要模块之一。柱芳烃家族包含柱[5]芳烃到柱[15]芳烃等成员,其中柱[5]芳烃为热力学稳定产物,合成产率最高;其次为柱[6]芳烃。柱[5]芳烃或柱[6]芳烃可做为主体,参与构筑[1](准)轮烷、[1](准)索烃等机械自锁结构,以及[n]轮烷(n≥2)、[2]索烃、雏菊链等机械互锁结构;体系中独立分子之间存在相对运动,如轮烷中柱芳烃在轴线上可以进行穿梭运动;丰富的衍生基团赋予柱芳烃互锁结构相应的功能,如手性翻转、荧光共振能量转移、超分子凝胶、Langmuir膜、催化反应等,甚至基于柱芳烃轮烷还可构筑更复杂的树枝状分子。本文综述了柱芳烃超分子互锁体系的研究进展,详细阐述了基于柱芳烃的互锁结构的合成方法及其功能化并讨论了其在构筑分子器件及其他超分子复杂体系方面的应用前景。 相似文献
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Supramolecular polymers constructed by orthogonal self-assembly based on multiple hydrogen bonding and macrocyclic host-guest interactions have received increasing attention due to their elegant structures,outstanding properties,and potential applications.Hydrogen bonding endows these supramolecular polymers with good adaptability and reversibility,while macrocyclic host-guest interactions give them good selectivity and versatile stimuli-responsiveness.Therefore,functional supramolecular polymers fabricated by these two highly specific,noninterfering interactions in an orthogonal way have shown wide applications in the fields of molecular machines,electronics,soft materials,etc.In this review,we discuss the recent advances of functional supramolecular polymers fabricated by orthogonal self-assembly based on multiple hydroge n bonding and host-guest interactions.In particular,we focus on crown ether-and pillar[n]arene-based supramolecular polymers due to their compatibility with multiple hydrogen bonds in organic solution.The fabrication strategies,interesting properties,and potential applications of these advanced supramolecular materials are mainly concerned. 相似文献
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Dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers are a relatively new class of materials with unique molecular architectures and dimensions in comparison to traditional linear polymers. This review details recent notable advances in the application of these new polymers in terms of the development of new polymeric delivery systems. Although comparatively young, the developing field of hyperbranched drug delivery devices is a rapidly maturing area and the key discoveries in drug-conjugate systems amongst others are highlighted. As a consequence of their ideal hyperbranched architectures, the utilisation of host-guest chemistries in dendrimers has been included within the scope of this review. 相似文献
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Pillar[n]arene, as a new kind of macrocyclic host molecule, is a cyclic oligomer, which has a unique rigid structure with a hydrophobic cavity and can interact with many size-matched guest molecules. In this review, the molecular recognition, self-assembly and applications of the pillar[n]arenes in the past two years were described. On the basis of previous scientific research, a variety of pillar[n]arene-based supramolecular systems responsive to specific external stimuli such as pH, redox, gas, light, etc. has been constructed. Pillar[n]arenes have exhibited great potential in constructing these fantastic supramolecular systems based on host-guest recognition, including nanomaterials, controllable drug delivery, transmembrane channels, chemosensors and catalytic entities. These supramolecular systems have a wide range of applications in the material, biology, detection and catalysis field, but their applications are not limited to these fields. 相似文献
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Abstract During the last decades, resorcin[4]arenes have drawn much attention in the field of supramolecular chemistry because of their practical applicability in different areas. Therefore, many scientists have investigated this class of derivatives in recent years. In this article, we comprehensively reviewed a brief literature survey on the chemistry of upper rim functionalization of calix[4]resorcinarene derivatives and their applications concerning optical chemosensors, liquid crystal materials, host-guest systems, catalysis, drug delivery, biological activities, and analytical applications. This short review describes the survey of literature synthesis and upper rim functionalization of resorcin[4]arenes and their different application published in the last six years (2015–2020). 相似文献
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沸石分子筛是一类带有规则微孔结构的硅铝酸盐晶体,因其骨架具有独特的电子给受能力而备受关注.由此,许多以微孔分子筛为主体的电子转移体系被构建并深入研究.与溶液相中自由基的快速衰减不同,产生于微孔分子筛内部的自由基受其纳米孔道的限制,具有有限的迁移率和较长的寿命,有助于人们利用传统光谱技术确定反应机理.本文主要对当前微孔分子筛主-客体复合体系中的电子转移过程和机制的研究现状加以论述. 相似文献
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Shuang Liu Xueting Pan Huiyu Liu 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(15):5890-5900
Two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are currently explored as novel photothermal agents because of their ultrathin structure, high specific surface area, and unique optoelectronic properties. In addition to single photothermal therapy (PTT), 2D nanomaterials have demonstrated significant potential in PTT‐based synergistic therapies. In this Minireview, we summarize the recent progress in 2D nanomaterials for enhanced photothermal cancer therapy over the last five years. Their unique optical properties, typical synthesis methods, and surface modification are also covered. Emphasis is placed on their PTT and PTT‐synergized chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy. The major challenges of 2D photothermal agents are addressed and the promising prospects are also presented. 相似文献
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Dr. Bang-Ping Jiang Bo Zhou Zhaoxing Lin Prof. Dr. Hong Liang Prof. Dr. Xing-Can Shen 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(16):3993-4004
Carbon nanomaterials have received great attention from the scientific community over the past few decades because of their unique physical and chemical properties. In this minireview, we will summarize the recent progress of the use of various carbon nanomaterials in the field of cancer phototherapy. The structural characteristics of each category and the surface functionalization strategies of these nanomaterials will be briefly introduced before focusing on their therapeutic applications. Recent advances on their use in photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and combined phototherapies are presented. Moreover, a few challenges and perspectives on the development of carbon nanomaterials for future theranostics are also discussed. 相似文献
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Noble metal nanoparticles attract growing interest owing to their high surface-to-volume ratio and unique optical, electric and catalytic properties. Fine-tuning these properties and broadening potential applications can be envisaged if nanoparticles are coupled to supramolecular cages that afford a highly tailorable inner environment as well as rich endo-/exo-functionalization. Due to rich chemical/physical properties of cages, integration of multiple host-guest interactions in confined cavities through endo-molecular design has been achieved. Such cages provide ideal confined templates for size-controlled synthesis of ultrafine nanoparticles with superior catalytic activities. Moreover, exo-functionalization of cages offers huge opportunities to couple with nanoparticles, generating cage-nanoparticle hybrids or hierarchical assemblies that combine merits of both. The present review provides recent advances in cage-mediated nanoparticle systems with synergistic effects and integrated functions, and demonstrates their applications in catalysis, sensing, chiral amplification, plasmonic switches, imaging and cell therapy. Finally, we highlight key challenges and identify emerging directions in the coming years. 相似文献
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Cucurbit[n]urils, the pumpkin shaped macrocyclic host molecules possessing a hydrophobic cavity and two identical carbonyl portals, have drawn a lot of attention in recent years due to their high-affinity yet dynamic molecular recognition properties in water. The reversible and stimuli-responsive nature of their host-guest complexes imparts “smart” features leading to materials with intriguing optical, mechanical and morphological properties. In this review, we focus on the design of cucurbituril based luminescent materials in aqueous media as well in solid or film state. The design principles of fluorescent complexes, small assemblies as well as supramolecular polymers along with their stimuli-responsive properties and applications in diverse areas such as optoelectronic devices, light harvesting, anti-counterfeiting and information technology, cell imaging, etc are highlighted with selected examples from recent literature. We also discuss examples of room temperature phosphorescent materials derived from purely organic luminogens in the presence of cucurbiturils. 相似文献
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Shuang Liu Xueting Pan Prof. Huiyu Liu 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(15):5943-5953
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are currently explored as novel photothermal agents because of their ultrathin structure, high specific surface area, and unique optoelectronic properties. In addition to single photothermal therapy (PTT), 2D nanomaterials have demonstrated significant potential in PTT-based synergistic therapies. In this Minireview, we summarize the recent progress in 2D nanomaterials for enhanced photothermal cancer therapy over the last five years. Their unique optical properties, typical synthesis methods, and surface modification are also covered. Emphasis is placed on their PTT and PTT-synergized chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy. The major challenges of 2D photothermal agents are addressed and the promising prospects are also presented. 相似文献