Results obtained from the group study on the clinical efficacy of SPECT of the liver

The influence of SPECT over the detectability of SOL in the liver was evaluated by the Subcommittee on Efficacy Study, which belongs to Medical and Pharmaceutical Committee of Japan Radioisotope Association, under the participation of 9 hospitals including some university hospitals. In this study segmental reading of the SOL was requested. The film reading was performed twice on the different patient-groups and the results from well-experienced doctors (11 doctors) were summarized, indicating a slight increase in sensitivity as a whole although there were some doctors showing a reverse effect in each performance. Sensitivity was determined in the patient-group without SOL, which showed a slight decrease as a whole, indicating that SPECT had some possibility of increasing false positive cases. In the study of SOL detectability based on its segmental location, a marked positive effect of SPECT was noted in the right anterior and right posterior segments whereas a marked negative effect in the left lateral segment. The left medial segment also showed a slight decrease in the detectability of SOL.     

Prospective study to assess the clinical efficacy of bone scintigraphy--some analyses of clinical data

The value of preoperative bone scans in patients with primary breast and prostate cancer was evaluated prospectively. Of 414 patients with breast cancer, clinical stage I is 14, II is 219, IIIA is 59, IIIB is 39 and IV is 14. Of 88 patients with prostate cancer, clinical stage I is 14, II is 15, III is 18 and IV is 41. 11 percent of patients with breast cancer and 54 percent of patients with prostate cancer had bone metastases. Clavicle, ribs, thoracic spine, lumbar spine and pelvis metastasized most frequently. The incidences of bone metastases were 18.4% with Scirrhous carcinoma, 15.4% with Medullary tubular carcinoma and 3.8% with Papillotubular carcinoma. The methodology and results of ROC analysis were described in our other papers. Some results of data analysis were described in this paper.     

Prospective study to assess the clinical efficacy of bone scintigraphy--comparative study of the efficacy in breast carcinoma and prostate carcinoma

Prospective study of bone scintigraphy was performed on 414 patients with breast carcinoma and 88 patients with prostate carcinoma. In 468 of them, confirmative diagnoses of bone, whether metastasis was existent or not, were made after the observations over a year. Finally, the incidences of bone metastasis were 11 percent for breast carcinoma and 54 percent for prostate carcinoma respectively. The efficacy of preoperative bone scintigraphy in breast carcinoma was comparable to that in prostate carcinoma with regard to improvement of predictive probability of bone metastasis: raising up the probability in the positive cases and bringing down in the negative cases.     

Prospective study to assess the clinical efficacy of bone scintigraphy--ROC analysis

The value of preoperative bone scans in patients with primaly breast and prostate cancer was evaluated prospectively. The methodology and some clinical results were described previously. The clinical efficacy of the bone scan was assessed by using ROC analysis and we obtained the following results. 1) Preoperative bone scan of carcinomas of the breast is effective for patients with clinical stage IIIA, IIIB and IV. It is not so effective for patients with clinical stage I and II, but there is no denying the importance of it, because it provides a base-line scan for comparison to subsequent scans obtained in the postoperative period. 2) Preoperative bone scan of prostate carcinomas is effective, especially for clavicle, the ribs and the cervical spine, when compared with bone X-ray. 3) Bone scan is effective means for patients who were diagnosed uncertainly to have bone metastasis.     

A mass-spectrometric study of derivatives of the quinolizidine group

Summary The results of a mass-spectrometric study of 1- and 1,3-substituted derivatives of cis- and transquinolizidines are given. The compound investigated formed, in addition to the common ions with m/e 124, 110, 97, 54, and 41, ions specific for the trans- and cis-linkage of the rings and ions characteristic of the side chains occupying equatorial or axial positions. In addition, the mass spectra of the cis-quinolizidine derivatives are characterized by a small number of strong peaks and by a low intensity of the molecular ions.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 194–199, March–April, 1972.     

A comparative study on the cooperative binding of surfactants with solubilized polymers and networks

The cooperative binding of a linear as well as a crosslinked polyelectrolyte with an oppositely charged surfactant has been analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results showed that the presence of crosslinkage significantly enhances the initiation process but strongly suppresses the cooperation of the binding. In the theoretical analysis, the hydrophobic interaction has been treated using the nearest-neighbor interaction model, while the electrostatic interaction has been calculated using a rodlike model. The general formulas derived on the basis of the free energy minimum principle demonstrated that the crosslinkage enhances the initiation process but strongly suppresses the cooperation owing to the osmotic pressure in the network domain. The theoretical results showed fairly good agreement with the experimental data, confirming the essential features of the theory.     

A study of the donor properties of the carbonyl group of pyridones

The donor properties of the CO group of pyridones have been examined by studying the IR spectra of their complexes with mercury-(II)-chloride and with hydroquinone. The complexes with mercury chloride are formed by a weak O?Hg donor-acceptor bond, while the others have the character of strongly H-bonded salts of hydroxypyridinium cations. The dipole moment of N-methyl-3-pyridone, not reported so far, has also been measured, (7·2 D). These results, and the agreement between the theoretical and the experimental dipole moments, support the prediction that the donor properties of the CO group are very similar for the three isomers.     

A theoretical study of the anomalous substituent effect of the hydroxyl group

A theoretical study by MINDO/3 and STO-3G SCF calculations has been used to examine the effect of a H-bonded water molecule on the ability of the hydroxyl group to stabilise a carbocation centre. Alkoxy groups are better stabilising groups in the gas phase, hydroxyl is more effective in protic solvents.     

A web site for the rat serum protein study group

We describe a site http://users.unimi.it/-ratserum/homeframed.ht ml with clickable maps of serum proteins of control and inflamed rats as well as quantitative data on the expression of such serum proteins under varying physiological and experimental conditions. This information enhances the value of minimally invasive techniques, thus reducing the number of animals to be treated, and eventually sacrificed, in pharmacological/toxicological research projects.     

Versatile and cooperative reactivity of a triruthenium polyhydride cluster. A computational study

The reaction of a trinuclear polyhydride complex Ru3H5(C5H5)3 with cyclopentadiene, C5H6, has been studied computationally. A mechanism for the experimentally observed selective C-C bond activation is proposed. All three Ru centers participate in various steps of the mechanism. The catalytic involvement of two cluster hydrides in the transformation of the C5Hn fragment is emphasized.     

Technical study for SPECT of the head using slant hole collimator

The performance of a 160 keV slant hole collimator (160 keV SH) was compared with that of a 140 keV high resolution collimator (140 keV HR) for SPECT imaging of the head using 99mTc. The minimum radius of revolution was reduced from about 23 cm to 13 cm using 160 keV SH. Relative sensitivity of the 160 keV SH was 108% of that of the 140 keV HR. Compared with SPECT using 140 keV HR, 160 keV SH SPECT yielded approximately a 15% increase in resolution. The 160 keV SH SPECT images of phantom were superior in resolution and contrast to that of 140 keV HR SPECT. We concluded that high quality SPECT images of the head can be obtained from rotating gamma cameras equipped with slant hole collimators.     

A study of dachiardite,a natural zeolite of the mordenite group

Dachiardite of the composition (Na_2.21K_0.35Ca_0.66Mg_0.10)[Al_4.41Si_19.67O₄₈] · 11.8H₂O (Tedzami, Georgia), a natural zeolite of the mordenite group, was studied using a Tian-Calvet high-temperature microcalorimeter. Melt solution calorimetry was used to determine the enthalpy of formation of the mineral from oxides (?613±45 kJ/mol) and elements (?26595±50kJ/mol). The obtained experimental and literature data were used to calculate the Gibbs energy of formation of dachiardite from elements. The thermodynamic properties of the hypothetical limiting members of the isomorphous series (Na, K, Ca)[Al₄Si₂₀O₄₈] · 13H₂O were estimated.     

二烷基磷酰基作为氨基保护基的研究

合成了N-烷基-N-磷酰基甘氨酸衍生物。在Lewis酸催化下成功地进行Freidel-Crafts反应,得到分子内环化产物苯并-3-氮杂环庚酮-[1]衍生物,并在温和条件下脱保护基。     

A study of the internal dynamics of trimethylamine by means of the non-rigid group theory

The non-rigid molecule group theory (NRG) in which the dynamical symmetry operations are defined as physical operations is applied to determine the character table for the triple equivalent methyl rotation and pyramidal inversion in trimethylamine. The restricted NRG of this molecule is seen to be a group of order 648, formed as a product of two subgroups: the G ₃₂₄ subgroup corresponding to planar trimethylamine and the pyramidal inversion. For this purpose the structure of the r-NRG of planar trimethylamine is first deduced, i.e., the number of classes, irreducible representations, as well as their dimensions. Finally, guidelines are given to deduce systematically the symmetry eigenvectors developed on the basis of quadruple products of trigronometric functions. The r-NRG molecule group theory is seen to be used advantageously to study the internal dynamics of such small organic molecules.     

Understanding the cooperative NHC/LA catalysis for stereoselective annulation reactions with homoenolates. A DFT study

The role of Ti(Oi-Pr)(4) Lewis acid (LA) in the cooperative N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)/LA catalyzed addition of enals to enones to yield cis-cyclopentenes has been investigated using DFT methods at the B3LYP/6-31G** computational level. Ti(IV) effectively catalyzes the reaction by formation of a complex with cinnamaldehyde 1, which favors the nucleophilic attack of NHC 5 on 1, and the subsequent proton abstraction to yield the extended Ti(IV)-Breslow intermediate 21. The nature of the metal involved in the LA catalyst plays a relevant role due to the more basic character of NHCs than aldehydes. Thus, strong LAs, such as Zn(OTf)(2), prevent the catalytic behavior of NHCs to form a very stable complex. The subsequent formation of a complex between chalcone 2 and the extended Ti(IV)-Breslow intermediate 21 favors the cis stereoselective C-C bond-formation. Analysis of the structures of Ti(IV)-complex precursors for the cis and trans C-C bond-formation steps allows for an explanation of the unexpected cis stereoselectivity.     

CNDO study of the properties of the OH group

Using the CNDO method, a number of hydroxy-containing systems were calculated. The results are compared with IR spectroscopic data on the frequencies and acidity of surface OH groups and their dependence on the electronegativity of the atom to which the OH group is bonded.

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Theoretical study on cooperative and extra-additive behavior of hydrogen-bonded clusters

The stabilization energy △ E(n) and four typical properties of hydrogen bond F-H…F in chain-like and cyclic (HF)n clusters (n = 1-5) have been calculated using MP2 and three DF levels of theory with the Gaussian 98 program, and 6-31++G** bases set. The results demonstrate that the extra-additive or cooperative behavior in (HF)n clusters is very obvious. In addition, we studied much larger chain-like (HF)n (n = 6, 9, 12,18, 24) clusters using one of these DF methods.