级联长周期光纤光栅的光谱特性研究

级联长周期光纤光栅的透射谱具有干涉峰的振幅大、谱型丰富等优点。利用传输矩阵法分析了级联及相移长周期光栅的光谱特性,研究了级联光栅间距、位置和相移对光栅谱的影响,并对级联及相移长周期光栅谱进行了比较。结果表明:两者光谱特性在光栅间距长度与光栅周期之比较小或级联位置靠近光栅两端时具有较强的一致性。对相移长周期光栅而言,当引入多个相移时,两个主阻带间的通带宽度随着引入的相移个数的增多而逐渐变宽。     

Wavelength-division multiplexing isolation fiber filter and light source using cascaded long-period fiber gratings

The author has successfully demonstrated a novel all-fiber wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) isolation filter with more than 20 equally spaced loss peaks within a 60-nm band and a WDM light source with an output of 21 equally spaced wavelengths within 30% amplitude variation.     

Voltage-controllable wavelength-selective optical switching based on multiply cascaded long-period fiber gratings

A novel wavelength-selective optical switching device based on multiply cascaded long-period fiber gratings is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The on and off states of each channel in the optical switching device can be effectively switched by voltage-controllable coil heaters. The device has advantages of multichannel operation, multiwavelength selectivity, and bandwidth controllability. It can be useful for applications in multiwavelength operational signal gating, optical switching devices, routers, and multiplexers in optical communication systems.     

Magnetic-force-induced long-period fiber gratings

A novel formation method of a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) based on a magnetic-force-induced microbend is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The LPFG employs a permanent magnet that exerts transversal force to the fiber by attracting a steel coil spring. The transversal force causes periodic microbending to the fiber, and therefore the transmission wave attenuates at the core-to-cladding mode resonance. This device has advantages of ease of fabrication, reconfigurability, and available for any type of fiber.     

Spectral characterization of helicoidal long-period fiber gratings in photonic crystal fibers

We report a new helicoidal long-period grating by twisting a photonic crystal fiber under CO₂ laser irradiation and experimentally investigated its novel transmission characteristics. The fabricated helicoidal PCF-LPG has a relatively short length of ∼1.4 cm with a low polarization dependent loss less than 1 dB and thermal shift of ∼3.7 pm/°C. The proposed device endows the unique resonant peaks tuning capability more than ∼18 nm by applying torsion stress, which has not been achieved in prior PCF-LPGs. From these novel thermo-optic and photo-mechanical properties, the proposed device can be applied for various components, including optical filters, attenuators, and sensors.     

All-optical switching in long-period fiber gratings

Nonlinear pulse propagation in long-period fiber gratings is studied with a mode-locked Q -switched laser pulse approximately 80ps in duration at a wavelength of 1.05 microm . Optical switching, pulse reshaping, and optical limiting are found at intensities in the range of 1-20 GW/cm(2).     

Random period arc-induced long-period fiber gratings

We report the fabrication of arc-induced long-period fiber gratings with strong random variations in the period. Long-period fiber gratings with standard deviations in the period from 8.50 to 36.98 μm were fabricated. The spectral position of the resonant bands is determined by the average period value, being similar to that observed in a long-period fiber grating with a fixed period equal to the average period of the random grating. Moreover the notch bands keep the shape characteristics like wideband and depth compared with a long-period grating with a constant period. In addition, their sensitivity to external parameters such as ambient refractive index is not too different with that of fixed period long-period gratings.     

Tunable mechanically induced long-period fiber gratings

We report the experimental characterization of mechanically induced long-period fiber gratings (LPFG's) made by pressing a plate with periodic grooves against a short length of fiber. This filter, which is simple and inexpensive, exhibits transmission spectra and temperature stability similar to those of photoinduced LPFG's. It also offers the unique advantages of being tunable, erasable, and reconfigurable. Its polarization dependence also makes it useful as a polarizer, although it can also be eliminated with simple mechanical designs.     

Compensation of polarization-dependent loss in transmission fiber gratings by use of a Sagnac loop interferometer

We analyze the transmission characteristics of a Sagnac loop interferometer containing a polarization-dependent loss element and lossless polarization-converting elements by use of Jones matrices. We show that polarization independence in the transmission mode can be achieved in such a configuration and that maximum transmittance occurs when a half-wave plate is used for the polarization-converting element. The result is verified experimentally for a fiber acousto-optic tunable filter and cascaded long-period fiber gratings with either intrinsic or process-induced polarization-dependent filtering characteristics.     

Bending sensitivity of in-series long-period fiber gratings

The interference fringes formed in a long-period fiber grating pair are sensitive to the loss in the cladding mode, which can be induced by bending or by coating on the fiber. Assuming that there is no loss and that both gratings are identical, the interference fringes are shown to have 100% contrast when each grating has 50% transmissivity. By contrast, if the cladding mode is absorbed or scattered the fringe contrast is shown to be degraded. The spectral behaviors of a long-period fiber grating pair with loss is analyzed by the coupled-mode theory and is compared with experimental results.     

Optical-fiber-to-waveguide coupling using carbon-dioxide-laser-induced long-period fiber gratings

Optical fibers are expected to play a role in chip-level and board-level optical interconnects because of limitations on the bandwidth and level of integration of electrical interconnects. Therefore, methods are needed to couple optical fibers directly to waveguides on chips and on boards. We demonstrate optical-fiber-to-waveguide coupling using carbon-dioxide laser-induced long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs). Such gratings can be written in standard fiber and offer wavelength multiplexing-demultiplexing performance. The coupler fabrication process and the characterization apparatus are presented. The operation and the wavelength response of a LPFG-based optical-fiber-to-waveguide directional coupler are demonstrated.     

Twist characteristics of the ultraviolet-written long-period fiber gratings

Twist characteristics of the ultraviolet-written long period fiber gratings (UV-LPFGs) are investigated in this paper. It was found experimentally that the resonance wavelength of the UV-LPFG shifts to short side proportional to square of the torsion rate, when it is twisted in both directions of clockwise and counter-clockwise, which is different from that of LPFGs written by CO2 lasers, but similar with that of the corrugated LPFGs. The phenomena can be explained by mechanisms of static compression in twisting and index change caused by photo-elastic effect.     

Polarization dependent loss of arc-induced long-period fibre gratings

We have investigated the polarization properties of long-period fibre gratings fabricated using the electric arc technique. It was found that the choice of the fabrication parameters (electric current, arc duration and pulling tension) affects the polarization dependent loss of the produced gratings. In particular, a non-monotonic dependence on the external pulling tension was obtained.     

Mechanically induced long-period fiber gratings on tapered fibers

The characteristics of a mechanically induced long-period fiber grating (MLPFG) made by pressing a pair of grooved plates over single-mode fiber tapers are analyzed. Fiber tapers with a waist length of 80 mm and diameter ranging from 90 to 125 μm, fabricated using the heating and puling method, were used. We observed that the resonance wavelengths shift toward shorter wavelengths as the fiber taper waist diameter is reduced. A maximum shift of 254 nm in the position of the resonance peaks was observed when the fiber diameter was reduced to 90 μm. This technique is particularly suitable for tuning the resonance wavelengths to shorter wavelengths below the limit imposed by the grooved plate period.     

Characteristic research on mechanically induced long-period fiber gratings

A full experimental characterization of mechanically induced long-period fiber gratings （MLPFGs） fabricated by pressing a plate with periodic grooves against a short length of fiber is presented. This technique enables a good control over the gratings＇ isolation loss peaks and has high repeatability. The spectra characteristics of MLPFGs are studied with the change of the parameters including pressure, period, and temperature. The produced MLPFGs have low insertion loss （〈 0.2 dB） and the loss peaks can be higher than 20 dB. A large tunability of the resonant wavelength （〉 14 nm） is achieved through adjusting pres- sure grooves＇ period. The center wavelength temperature sensitivities of 0.057, 0.086 nm/℃, and resonant peak temperature sensitivities of 0.230, 0.312 dB/℃, are achieved for jacketed and unjacketed fibers, respectively. These MLPFGs, which are simple and inexpensive, also offer the unique advantages of being tunable, erasable, and reconfigurable.     

基于长周期光纤光栅的FBG解调方法北大核心CSCD

研究了基于长周期光纤光栅(long-period fiber gratings,LPFG)的光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg gratings,FBG)解调方法,该方法利用LPFG的透射谱作为边沿滤波器解调FBG,其解调性能主要取决于LPFG的透射光谱深度。详细分析了CO_(2)激光写制法对透射光谱的影响,制作了透射光谱深度为25 dB的LPFG,并采用该光栅搭建了FBG解调装置,将FBG粘贴于金属应变片表面,测试了其静态与动态响应特征。实验结果表明:该方法制作简单,成本低,具有较好的线性动态范围,可以实现较高灵敏度的FBG解调。     

Optical fiber long-period gratings with Langmuir-Blodgett thin-film overlays

An overlay material was deposited by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique onto a single-mode optical fiber containing a long-period grating. The long-period grating exhibits characteristic attenuation bands in its transmission spectrum whose central wavelengths were observed to depend on the optical thickness of the overlay material, even for materials that have a refractive index higher than that of silica.     

Temperature impact on mechanically induced long-period fiber gratings

The spectral response of mechanically induced long-period fiber gratings (MLPFG) to the ambient temperature variation was experimentally study. In the MLPFG setting, a pressure rig with aluminum grooved plates on standard telecommunication fiber was used. We found that a relatively low change in temperature can produce a severe impact on the characteristic parameters of the attenuation bands, such as a critical decrease in the contrast and fast shift saturation. When the temperature increases from −10 to 70 °C, all the bands are shifted toward longer wavelengths with a mean sensitivity of approximately 180 pm/°C from 0 to 40 °C in the near-linear region, then they present a flattened zone beyond this temperature. Meanwhile, the contrast of the attenuation bands rapidly decreases from the maximum value to 0 dB with a quasi-cosinoidal behavior. These results are important and have to be considered when MLPFG are applied in a medium with ambient temperature variation. Furthermore, we show that MLPFG can be used as low cost ambient temperature sensors through intensity based measurements.     

Autocorrelation of the polarization-dependent loss in fiber routes

We study the spectral properties of polarization-dependent loss (PDL) in fiber routes with multiple spans and amplifiers. In these systems, PDL stems from a small number of lumped WDM components interconnected by PDL-free fibers, a configuration that is poorly described by the popular model of distributed PDL. We derive transparent and practical analytical expressions for the autocorrelation functions of the PDL vector and of the square PDL magnitude and show that they are strongly affected by the order of the individual PDL elements.