Synthesis and Characterization of Microporous Silica Prepared with Sodium Silicate and Organosilane Compounds

Microporous silica gels were prepared in the pH range of 3–4 using sodium silicate as a silica source. Surface polarity of these gels was modified by grafting hydrophobic groups into the silica gel matrix with the help of hydrophilic solvents (acetone, acetonitrile, ethanol and methanol) and alkoxysilane compounds containing nonhydrolyzable alkyl groups. The porous framework and hydrophobicity of the silica gels were evaluated using nitrogen adsorption/desorption and water adsorption measurement techniques. All the measured isotherms were found to be type I which is indicative of microporosity. The surface area and microporosity of these samples were estimated by analyzing the measured nitrogen adsorption/desorption data using BET, Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption isotherms. The micropore size distribution was determined from their nitrogen adsorption isotherms using the slit-pore model of the Horvath-Kawazoe equation. Silica gels with high surface area (over 500 m²/g) as well as high microporosity (over 0.2 cc/g) were obtained at gelation pH of 3.50 from the water-solvent system.     

Synthesis and X-Ray Analysis of New Spirophosphoranes

Abstract

2- and 3-hydroxyalkyliminophosphoranes and their valencetautomeric pentacoordinated phosphoranes are deprotonated by KH to give anionic pentacoordinated phosphoranes. Upon methylation the latter are converted into N-methyl derivatives. The geometries of these compounds are determined by X-ray analysis and n.m.r. spectroscopy.     

The Crosslinking of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers with Sodium Alcoholates

When reacting ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) with sodium alcoholates in alcohol, the alcoholysis of EVA is accompanied by crosslinking reactions. Crosslinking can be detected by the increase in torque in a plastograph. This paper reports on investigations on the mechanism of the crosslinking reaction. Both crosslinking via C?C bonds and formation of a thermally reversible network via polymer alcoholate structures can be found. If an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer is obtained by complete saponification of EVA, however, only thermally reversible crosslinking can be demonstrated. This leads to the conclusion that irreversible crosslinking is established through a reaction of the acetate side chains. The reaction products of the low-molecular weight model substances, pentanol-3-acetate and sodium isopropylate in isopropanol, are analyzed by means of gas chromatography. These results suggest a partial Claisen condensation as a mechanism of the irreversible crosslinking process.     

2，5-二甲基对苯醌二亚胺与烷氧基苯共聚物的合成及性能表征

通过金属配合物催化法,在1,3-双（二苯基膦）丙烷二氯化镍（1I）存在的条件下,合成了2,5-二甲基对苯醌二亚胺与不同碳数的碘代烷氧基苯的3种共聚物。通过FT—IR、^1H—NMR、UV—Vis、循环伏安（CV）、XRD和凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）等测试手段对其进行了表征。结果表明：3种共聚物在三氟乙酸（TFA）溶液中的紫外可见最大吸收波长分别在517、576、651nm处;该类共聚物均在-0．2～0．8V出现两对氧化还原峰;共聚物的规整度较高,衍射峰的位置在19．6v～23．5°。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Storage Energy Materials Prepared from Nano-crystalline Cellulose/Polyethylene Glycol

The development and the application of phase change materials (PCMs) as a new kind of materials have attracted both scientific and industrial interest1-4. According to the patterns of phase conversion, commonly PCMs are divided into solid-liquid phase cha…     

水合邻苯二甲酸钠的合成、结构表征及热化学性质

选择邻苯二甲酸和氢氧化钠作为反应物,利用液相合成方法合成了水合邻苯二甲酸钠.利用X射线粉末衍射、化学与元素分析等方法表征了它的组成和结构.利用精密自动绝热热量计测定了该化合物在78～366K温区的摩尔热容.将该温区的摩尔热容实验值用最小二乘法拟合得到摩尔热容(Cp,m)对温度(T)的多项式方程,用此方程进行数值积分得到此温度区间内每隔5K的舒平热容值和相对于298.15K时的热力学函数值.另外,依据Hess定律,通过设计合理的热化学循环,利用等温环境溶解-反应热量计分别测量了固相量热反应的反应物和产物在所选溶剂中的溶解焓,从而确定反应的反应焓为:ΔrHm=29.073±1.05kJ·mol-1.最后,利用反应的反应焓和其它反应物和产物已知的热力学数据计算出水合邻苯二甲酸钠的标准摩尔生成焓为:-1493.637±1.11kJ·mol-1.     

SEC Characterization of Au Nanoparticles Prepared through Seed-Assisted Synthesis

In this paper we report the use of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) for rapid determination of the sizes and size distributions of Au nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by seed-assisted synthesis. Analytical separation of Au NPs was performed in a polymer-based column of pore size 400 nm. We characterized the sizes and size distributions of the Au NPs by using 10 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as mobile phase and obtained a linear relationship (R ² = 0.986) between retention time and size of Au NPs within the range 9.8–79.1 nm; the relative standard deviations of these retention times were less than 0.3%. These separation conditions were used to characterize the sizes and size distributions of Au NPs prepared by seed-assisted synthesis. In addition to observing the elution times of the Au NPs we also simultaneously characterized their size-dependent optical properties by spectral measurement of the eluting peaks by use of an on-line diode-array detector (DAD), i.e., monitoring of the stability of the Au NP products. By using this approach we found the presence of SDS was beneficial in stabilizing the synthesized Au NPs. We also found that the volume of Au metal ions used affected the sizes of the final products. SEC seems an efficient tool for characterizing the sizes of NPs fabricated by seed-assisted synthesis.     

Structural Characterization of Zirconia Nanoparticles Prepared by Microwave-Hydrothermal Synthesis

Nanocrystalline zirconia powders have been prepared by microwave-hydrothermal synthesis starting from aqueous solution of ZrOCl₂·8H₂O. Results of investigations on the aqueous suspension stability of the washed zirconia nanopowders by dynamic light scattering showed that the suspension, constituted by superaggregates of nanoparticles (131 ± 10 nm), was stable up to 15 days. Nanopowders were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy and small angle x-ray scattering measurements which proved that the zirconia nanopowder is constituted by small primary nanoparticles of ca. 8 nm that agglomerate forming bigger aggregates of 50 ± 1 nm.     

钛酸钠纳米带的合成、表征与气敏性能

通过钛酸丁酯与氢氧化钠浓溶液的两步水热反应合成出宽度为20～240 nm、厚度为10～40 nm、长度达几十微米的单一物相的Na₂Ti₃O₇纳米带。用X-射线衍射和电子显微镜分别表征了它们的结构和形貌。这些纳米带被加工成化学电阻型传感器以测量气敏特性。测试表明在350～400 ℃之间对丙酮、乙醇和二硫化碳具有明显感应,而对一氧化碳、苯、氨气和30%的甲醛水溶液几乎不敏感。用化学吸附模型解释其气敏机理。     

丙烯腈-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的RAFT聚合与表征

以S,S'-二(α,α '-二甲基-α″-乙酸)三硫代碳酸酯(TRIT)为链转移剂,利用可逆加成断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT)制备了窄分布的端羧基大分子链转移剂——聚苯乙烯和聚丙烯腈.以大分子链转移剂为RAFT试剂,引发苯乙烯或丙烯腈单体的RAFT聚合,进一步得到聚丙烯腈-聚苯乙烯-聚丙烯腈(PAN-b-PS-b-PAN)和聚苯乙烯-聚丙烯腈-聚苯乙烯(PS-b-PAN-b-PS)三嵌段共聚物.通过1 H-NMR、FT-IR、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对所得产物的结构和分子量进行了袁征,通过原子力显微镜(AFM)和拉曼光谱(Raman)研究了嵌段共聚物薄膜的微相分离结构与热解行为.结果表明:所得产物中除PAN-b-PS-b-PAN外,分子量分布均小于1.2.嵌段共聚物薄膜经250℃热稳定化与600℃热解处理后,碳化并形成了规整的石墨结构,微区尺寸在75 nm左右.     

Synthesis and Characterization of SnO2 Nanopowder Prepared by Precipitation Method

Tetragonal SnO₂ nanopowder of the range ～8 nm has been successfully synthesized by precipitation method. The prepared powder was characterized by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Experimental results show that the prepared powder was phase pure SnO₂ of tetragonal rutile structure without any impurities. The optical band gap was determined to be 4.26 eV, using diffuse reflectance technique with the aid of Kubelka-Munk relation. The blue shift of the band gap was attributed to the quantum size confinement effect.     

RAFT聚合制备氟硅嵌段共聚物及结构性能

以三硫代酯封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷作为大分子链转移剂,通过可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)制备了一系列聚二甲基硅氧烷-b-聚甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(PDMS-b-PDFHMA)二嵌段共聚物.利用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、氢核磁共振谱(1H-NMR)对该嵌段共聚物的组成、结构和分子量进行了表...     

烷氧基取代金属酞菁的合成及其吸收光谱性质

合成了６种烷氧基取代的酞菁化合物，并进行了元素分析．研究了它们在溶液和薄膜中的吸收光谱性质．     

反相微乳法合成稀土六铝酸盐催化剂及其表征

反相微乳法合成稀土六铝酸盐催化剂及其表征;反相微乳法;甲烷;六铝酸盐;过渡金属;稀土     

六方硼碳氮化合物的溶剂热合成与表征

采用溶剂热合成方法,以无水乙腈、叠氮化钠和四氟硼酸钠为原料,以苯为溶剂,在温度为400℃条件下,成功合成出了硼碳氮(BCN)三元化合物.利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、Fourier变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、X射线能谱(EDS)和电子能量损失谱(EELS)对合成产物进行了表征.XRD和SAED分析表明,合成产物为六方相,晶格常数为a=0.2678nm,c=0.6639nm;TEM结果表明,合成产物中存在纳米棒和四方柱状块体BCN;EELS和EDS分析表明,产物由B,C,N三种元素组成,化学式为B0.23C0.60N0.17;FTIR分析表明样品中存在C—N,B—C和B—N键,表明B,C,N三元素之间达到了原子级化合.     

担载Ni2（C5H5）2（CO）2催化剂的EXAFS表征

以Ni_2Cp_2(CO)_2(Cp=C_5H_5)为催化剂母体化合物,γ-Al_2O_3,SiO_2为担体制备了担载型镍催化剂,对母体化合物及热分解处理前后的催化剂样品在同步辐射装置上进行了外延X-光精细结构(Extended X-ray Absorpdon Fine Structure)测定,以先进的球面波理论对实验结果进行拟合,标样拟合结果与文献XRD完全一致。催化剂的EXAFS表征结果表明,母体化合物与氧化物担体表面发生了较强的化学作用,镍组分具有较高的分散度,镍在氧化硅表面存在Ni[(O)_8]_n,Ni—Ni两种配位,而在氧化铝表面几乎只存在Ni[(O)s)_n配位,催化剂上Ni—Ni键长比母体化合物Ni—Ni键长增加0.01nm左右,Ni—Ni键的伸长及其配位状态可能对其催化行为有重要影响。     

Synthesis,Crystal Structures,and Thermolysis Studies of Heteronuclear Transition Metal Aluminum Alcoholates

Heteronuclear alcoholate complexes [M{Al(OiPr)₄}₂(bipy)] ( 2-M , M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) and [M{Al(OcHex)₄}₂(bipy)] ( 3-M , M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) are formed by adduct formation of [M{Al(OiPr)₄}₂] ( 1-M , M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) with 2,2'-bipyridine and transesterification reaction with cHexOAc. According to crystal structure analyses, in 2-M and 3-M the central transition metal ion M²⁺ is coordinated by two chelating Al(OR)₄^– moieties and one bipyridine ligand in an octahedral arrangement. Treating 1-Cu with 2,2'-bipyridine leads to a reduction process, whereat the intermediate [Cu{Al(OiPr)₄}(bipy)₂][Al(OiPr)₄] ( 4 ) could be structurally characterized. During conversion of the iso-propanolate ligands in 1-Cu to cyclohexanolate ligands, Cu²⁺ is reduced to Cu⁺ forming [Cu{Al(O^cHex)₄}(py)₂] ( 5 ). UV/Vis-spectra and results of thermolysis studies by TG/DTA-MS are reported.     

Novel Green Synthesis and Characterization of the Antioxidant Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared from Nepeta leucophylla Root Extract

Bioinspired silver nanoparticles were synthesized using nontoxic, eco-friendly, and novel root extract of Nepeta leucophylla. The reduction of silver nitrate salt into nanoparticles is performed using the root extract, which is rich in polyphenolic and flavonoid contents. The reduction of silver salt by this extract is occurred at several temperatures and the reaction mixture turns brown and displayed representative absorbance spectra of silver nanoparticles. The influence of numerous synthesis parameters such as the concentration of root extract, time, temperature, and reaction pH on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles was also examined. Furthermore, the synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The formation of silver nanoparticles was enhanced with time, temperature, and at basic pH. The surface plasmon resonance band characteristics of silver nanoparticles were detected at 410?nm in the ultraviolet–visible absorbance spectra. The infrared spectroscopy results show that the extract contains phenol which is responsible for reduction and proteins may be capping the silver nanoparticles which prevent agglomeration. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that silver nanoparticles were spherical and the sizes matched well with X-ray diffraction and theoretical calculations by Mie theory. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of the synthesized silver nanoparticles was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and showed considerable antioxidant potential.