Martin boundary of unlimited covering surfaces

LetW be an open Riemann surface and ap-sheeted (1<p<∞) unlimited covering surface ofW. Denote by Δ¹ (resp., ) the minimal Martin boundary ofW (resp., ). For ζ ∈ Δ, let ζ be the (cardinal) number of the set of pionts which lie over ζ and the class of open connected subsetsM ofW such thatM∪{ζ} is a minimal fine neighborhood of ζ. Our main result is the following: , where is the number of components of π^-1 M and π is the projection of ontoW. Moreover, some applications of the above results are discussed whenW is the unit disc.     

On best localized bandlimited functions

Let, for σ > 0, be the set of complex functions f ∈ L ¹ (ℝ) with the Fourier transforms vanishing outside the interval [−σ; σ]. In this paper, we study the problem of the best approximation of the Dirac function δ (which has the Fourier transform with widest support supp ) by functions . More precisely, we consider the quantity inf and its extremal functions . __________ Translated from Lietuvos Matematikos Rinkinys, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 548–564, October–December, 2006.     

Dispersion of Lagrangian trajectories in a random large-scale velocity field

We study the distribution of the distance R(t) between two Lagrangian trajectories in a spatially smooth turbulent velocity field with an arbitrary correlation time and a non-Gaussian distribution. There are two dimensionless parameters, the degree of deviation from the Gaussian distribution α and β=τD, where τ is the velocity correlation time and D is a characteristic velocity gradient. Asymptotically, R(t) has a lognormal distribution characterized by the mean runaway velocity and the dispersion Δ. We use the method of higher space dimensions d to estimate and Δ for different values of α and β. It was shown previously that for β≪ 1 and for β≫ 1. The estimate of Δ is then nonuniversal and depends on details of the two-point velocity correlator. Higher-order velocity correlators give an additional contribution to Δ estimated as αD²τ for β≪1 and αβ/τ for β≫1. For α above some critical value σ_cr, the values of and Δ are determined by higher irreducible correlators of the velocity gradient, and our approach loses its applicability. This critical value can be estimated as for β≪1 and for β≫1. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 122, No. 3, pp. 456–467, March, 2000.     

The normal subgroup structure of the extended Hecke groups

We consider the extended Hecke groups generated by T(z) = −1/z, S(z) = −1/(z + λ) and R(z) = 1/z with λ ≥ 2. In this paper, firstly, we study the fundamental region of the extended Hecke groups . Then, we determine the abstract group structure of the commutator subgroups , the even subgroup , and the power subgroups of the extended Hecke groups . Also, finally, we give some relations between them.     

Elementary properties of free extensions

For any partial groupoid , let Fr be the free extension of to a total groupoid. We show that implies and that the theory of Fr is uniformly recursive in the theory of . These results fail if “groupoid” is replaced by “semigroup”, “commutative semigroup”, “group”, “abelian group”, “semilattice”, “K-lattice” for any nontrivial varietyK of lattices, or “Boolean algebra”. Research supported in part by NSF Grant MCS78-01867. We thank the referee for his valuable comments. Presented by B. Jónsson.     

Decomposition and embedment of trajectories after explosion for a birth and death process

Let X = {X(t),t ＜σ} (σ is lifespan) be a birth and death process with explosion whose characteristic triple (Mα,MC,MD) of MX in terms of (α, C, D) and M. This means that a lot of given birth and death processes can be embedded in one and the same birth and death process. If κ∈ E and M = {κ},we decompose X into κX, κ∈ E.     

Homogenization of two-phase metrics and applications

We consider two-phase metrics of the form ϕ(x, ξ) ≔ , where α,β are fixed positive constants and B _α, B _β are disjoint Borel sets whose union is ℝ^N, and prove that they are dense in the class of symmetric Finsler metrics ϕ satisfying

Interior superconvergence error estimates for mixed finite element methods for second order elliptic problem

1.IntroductionLetfibeaplanedomainwithsmoothboundaryonandWm,p(fl)betheusualSobolevspaceonnwithnormWhenp=2,pisusuallyomitted.WeshalldenotetheusualinnerproductinL'(fl)orLa(O)'by','),andinL'(ofl)by't').Weshallusethesamenotationstoindicatethedualltiesbetw...     

Limit theorems for the maximal eigenvalues of the mean-field Hamiltonian with random potential

Let , be the mean-field Hamiltonian with and random i.i.d. potential ξ_V. We prove limit theorems for the extreme eigenvalues of as |V|→∞. The limiting distributions are the same as for the corresponding extremes of ξ_V only if either (i) ξ_V is undbounded and , or (ii) ξ_V is bounded with “sharp” peaks and . Localization properties for the corresponding eigenfunctions are also studied. Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Akademijos 4, 2600 Vilnius, Lithuania. Published in Lietuvos Matematikos Rinkinys, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 147–168, April–June, 1999.     

Problem with Critical Sobolev Exponent and with Weight

The authors consider the problem: -div(p▽u) = uq-1 λu, u > 0 inΩ, u = 0 on (?)Ω, whereΩis a bounded domain in Rn, n≥3, p :Ω→R is a given positive weight such that p∈H1 (Ω)∩C(Ω),λis a real constant and q = 2n/n-2, and study the effect of the behavior of p near its minima and the impact of the geometry of domain on the existence of solutions for the above problem.     

Asymptotic behavior of the solutions of an integrodifferential system

Summary We consider the system(L): , t ⩾ p, y(t)=f(t), t⩽0, where y is an n-vector and each A_i, B(t) are n × n matrices. System(L) generates a semigroup by means of T_tf(s)=y (t+s, f), f(s) ∈ BC_l(− ∞, 0]. Under some hypotheses concerning the roots ofdet where is the Laplace transform of B(t), the asymptotic behavior of y(t) is discussed. Two typical results are: Theorem 3.1: suppose ∥B(t)∥ ɛ L₁[0, ∞), thendet forRe λ>0 iff for every ɛ>0 there is an M_ɛ>0 such that ∥T_tf∥_l ⩽ ⩽ M_ɛ exp [ɛt]∥f∥_l for t ⩾ 0. Corollary 3.1.1: suppose exp [at]B(t) ∈ ∈ L₁[0, ∞) for some a>0 anddet forRe λ>−a. Then the solution of(L) is exponentially asymptotically stable. Entrata in Redazione il 21 marzo 1975. The author is grateful to ProfessorC. Corduneanu for suggesting this problem and for many helpful discussions during the preparation of the paper.     

Vectorspacelike representation of absolute planes

The pointset E of an absolute plane can be provided with a binary operation "+" such that (E, +) becomes a loop and for each a E \ {o} the line [a] through o and a is a commutative subgroup of (E, +). Two elements a, b E \ {o} are called independent if [a] ∩ [b] = {o} and the absolute plane is called vectorspacelike if for any two independent elements we have E = [a] + [b] := {x + y | x [a], y [b]}. If is singular then (E, +) is a commutative group and is vectorspacelike iff is Euclidean. If is a hyperbolic plane then is vectorspacelike and in the continous case if a, b are independent, each point p has a unique representation as a quasilinear combination p = α · a + μ · b where α · a [a]and β · b [b] are points, α, β real numbers such that λ (o, λ · a) = |λ|· λ (o, a) and λ (o, μ · b) = |μ|. λ(o, b) and λ is the distance function. This work was partially supported by the Research Project of MIUR (Italian Ministery of Education and University) “Geometria combinatoria e sue applicazioni” and by the research group GNSAGA of INDAM. Dedicated to Walter Benz on the occasion of his 75 ^th birthday, in friendship     

A minimax regret estimator of a normal mean after preliminary test

Summary This paper considers the problem of estimating a normal mean from the point of view of the estimation after preliminary test of significance. But our point of view is different from the usual one. The difference is interpretation about a null hypothesis. Let denote the sample mean based on a sample of sizen from a normal population with unknown mean μ and known varianceσ ². We consider the estimator that assumes the value when and the value when where ω is a real number such that 0≤ω≤1 andC is some positive constant. We prove the existence of ω, satisfying the minimax regret criterion and make a numerical comparison among estimators by using the mean square error as a criterion of goodness of estimators.     

Energy transfer in the Kuramoto-Sivashinskii equation on a multidimensional torus with Riemannian metric

In this paper, we consider the Kuramoto-Sivashinskii equation on the multidimensional torus with a Riemannian metric: where . For this equation the theorem on energy transfer holds. It is formulated in the following way. Let be the Fourier expansion of the function u. Denote by P _N and P _N ^⊥ the operators of rejection of the “leading” and, respectively, “lowest” terms of the Fourier expansion (harmonics), i.e., . For any ρ > 0,N ∈ ℕ, s ≥ n/2+5, and λ ∈ (0, 1), there exists R such that for any function. ϕ ∈ lying outside the ball in the ball , there exists an instant of time t ∈ (0, 1) such that g _KS ^t ϕ=ψ and . Here, R is a constant depending on the metric (g), n _s is the sth Sobolev norm, and is the C ¹-norm. __________ Translated from Sovremennaya Matematika i Ee Prilozheniya (Contemporary Mathematics and Its Applications), Vol. 24, Dynamical Systems and Optimization, 2005.     

Quantum duality in quantum deformations

In accordance with the quantum duality principle, the twisted algebra is equivalent to the quantum group and has two preferred bases: one inherited from the universal enveloping algebra and the other generated by coordinate functions of the dual Lie group . We show howthe transformation can be explicitly obtained for any simple Lie algebra and a factorable chain of extended Jordanian twists. In the algebra , we introduce a natural vector grading , compatible with the adjoint representation of the algebra. Passing to the dual-group coordinates allows essentially simplifying the costructure of the deformed Hopf algebra , considered as a quantum group . The transformation can be used to construct new solutions of the twist equations. We construct a parameterized family of extended Jordanian deformations and study it in terms of ; we find new realizations of the parabolic twist. Dedicated to the birthday of my teacher, Yurii Novozhilov __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 148, No. 1, pp. 112–125, July, 2006.     

Lower semicontinuity of some functionals under PDE constraints: An \mathcal{A}-quasiconvex pair

The problem of establishing necessary and sufficient conditions for l.s.c. under PDE constraints is studied for a special class of functionals:

Stability of the topological pressure for piecewise monotonic maps underC 1-perturbations

Assume thatX is a finite union of closed intervals and consider aC ¹-mapX→ℝ for which {c∈X: T′c=0} is finite. Set . Fix ann ∈ ℕ. For ε>0, theC ¹-map is called an ε-perturbation ofT if is a piecewise monotonic map with at mostn intervals of monotonicity and is ε-close toT in theC ¹-topology. The influence of small perturbations ofT on the dynamical system (R(T),T) is investigated. Under a certain condition on the continuous functionf:X → ℝ, the topological pressure is lower semi-continuous. Furthermore, the topological pressure is upper semi-continuous for every continuous functionf:X → ℝ. If (R(T),T) has positive topological entropy and a unique measure μ of maximal entropy, then every sufficiently small perturbation ofT has a unique measure of maximal entropy, and the map is continuous atT in the weak star-topology.     

The two sides of a fourier-stieltjes transform and almost idempotent measures

For measuresμ on the circleT the quantities , need not be equal; it is shown, however, that they are continuous with respect to each other whenμ varies on bounded subsets ofM(T), the space of measures onT. It is also shown that measuresμ which areɛ-almost idempotent (i.e. ) are the sum of an idempotent measure and of a measureυ satisfying providedɛ is small enough (as a function of ‖μ‖).     

Invariant and quasi-invariant transformations of measures that correspond to stable processes with independent increments

Let ξ(t), t ∈ [0, 1], be a strictly stable process with an index of stability α ∈ (0, 2). By we denote the law of ξ in the Skorokhod space [0,1]. For arbitrary strictly stable process ξ, we construct a semigroup of transformations of [0, 1] for which the measure is quasi-invariant. For strictly stable processes with positive and negative jumps, we construct a group of transformations of [0, 1] for which the measure is quasi-invariant. In the symmetric case, this group is a group of invariant transformations. Bibliography: 10 titles. __________ Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 339, 2006, pp. 135–149.