铁氰化钾-三氯化铁光度法测定蔬菜中还原糖含量

于氢氧化钠碱性溶液中,铁氰化钾试剂与样品溶液中的还原糖反应(在沸水浴中加热10min),定量生成亚铁氰化钾,此溶液冷却至室温,并用0.1mol.L-1盐酸溶液酸化至pH 3.5～4.0后随即加入三氯化铁溶液,经5min后生成普鲁士蓝。在波长680nm处用1cm吸收皿对试剂空白测定其吸光度,还原糖的质量浓度在0.8～4.0mg.L-1范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,其摩尔吸光率为3.4×104L.mol-1.cm-1。应用此方法测定了3种蔬菜样品中的还原糖含量,所得测定值与兰-埃农法测得值相符。测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于2.5%,回收试验所测得回收率在99.7%～100.1%之间。     

流动注射-分光光度法同时测定食品中水溶性总糖和还原糖

食品中水溶性总糖经1mol.L-1盐酸溶液水解生成还原糖,对羟基苯甲酸酰肼与生成的还原糖显色,在波长420nm处有最大吸收峰,据此提出了一种流动注射-分光光度法测定食品中水溶性总糖和还原糖含量的方法。方法的线性范围为50.0～800mg.L-1,还原糖的检出限为5.32mg.L-1,总糖的检出限为2.71mg.L-1。方法用于食品中还原糖和水溶性总糖的测定,测得方法的回收率在98.0%～101%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.1%～1.5%之间。     

响应面法对3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法测定水果中还原糖含量条件的优化

采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)比色法测定水果中还原糖的含量,在单因素试验的基础上,采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法(RSM)优化DNS法测定苹果还原糖的最佳条件,同时建立数学模型并验证其可靠性。回归方程失拟项不显著(P=0.133 7),预测值与实际值吻合(R~2=0.957 4);影响DNS法测定还原糖含量的因素主次顺序为:DNS用量﹥反应温度﹥显色时间;DNS法测定还原糖含量的最佳条件为:DNS用量4.0 m L,显色时间5.0 min,反应温度87.0℃,测得还原糖实际浓度为94.66 mg/L,与理论预测值基本相符。按照优化的最佳条件,以苹果、桃、葡萄、哈密瓜、脐橙、菠萝6种代表性水果为对象验证该方法的精密度、重复性和准确度,其标准偏差为0.1%~0.5%,相对标准偏差为2.0%~4.8%,加标回收率为90.6%~104.2%。该方法简便、快速,准确度高,重现性好,适合于苹果及其他水果中还原糖的测定。     

漫反射光谱法测定还原糖

通过测定还原糖与斐林试剂反应生成的Cu2O，建立测定还原糖的漫反射光谱分析方法。该方法具有操作方便，灵敏度高，试剂用量少等优点。还原糖在20～120μg范围内呈良好的线性关系，用于实际样品测定，结果满意。     

原子吸收光谱法间接测定葡萄糖注射液中的还原糖

提出了原子吸收光谱法间接测定葡萄糖注射液中还原糖的方法。在pH 9.0～10.0的碱性介质中,铜盐与还原糖反应生成氧化亚铜沉淀,沉淀经离心分离后用硝酸溶解,通过用原子吸收光谱法测定反应中定量析出的铜量,间接换算成还原糖含量。铜的质量浓度在5.0mg·L-1以内与吸光度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为1.0mg·L-1。在0.500,0.750mg·L-1的标准加入水平下于葡萄糖注射液中加入标准溶液并按所述方法进行分析,进行了回收和精密度试验,所得回收率在98.0%～100%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于4.0%。     

离子色谱法同时测定烟草中6种糖

利用离子色谱法同时测定烟草中鼠李糖、葡萄糖、木糖、果糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖。采用超声浸提烟草中的糖,经Metrosep Carb 1阴离子交换柱分离,以0.100mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液为淋洗液,采用脉冲安培检测器检测。6种糖的浓度在一定范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限在0.012~0.055mg·L-1之间。样品回收率在92.6%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.6%~2.0%之间。方法用于快速分析烤烟的上、中、下部中6种糖的含量。     

还原糖电化学检测方法和装置研究

研究一种还原糖的流动电化学检测装置和方法.将流动注射技术与电化学检测相结合,使溶液的混合、反应、检测集中于一条管道中,通过安培法测定还原糖与铁氰化钾反应后生成的亚铁氰化钾的氧化电流从而实现还原糖的半自动化检测.还原糖浓度在0～150.0g/L范围内与K4 Fe(CN)6的氧化电流呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),检...     

原子荧光光谱法测定粗锌中的砷

建立了测定粗锌中砷含量的原子荧光光谱法。粗锌样品经硝酸溶液(1+1)低温溶解完全以后,在盐酸介质中,用抗坏血酸预还原,以硫脲掩蔽铜、铁、银等杂质元素,砷被硼氢化钾还原为氢化物,用氩气导入原子化器测量。砷测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.5%~3.0%(n=11),加标回收率为98.4%~103.6%。与国家标准测定方法分光光度法测定结果对比,相对偏差为0.1%~2.4%。该法准确、可靠,适用于砷含量在0.005 0%~0.50%之间的粗锌中砷的测定。     

锌-镉还原-分光光度法测定地表水中硝酸盐

提出预先将试样中NO-3用锌-镉还原法还原为NO-2.对还原反应的条件,诸如氯化钠及氯化镉的浓度、溶液的PH值、金属锌(卷状)的加入量以及还原反应所需时间等,进行了研究和优化.还原所得NO-2在酸性溶液中与磺胺进行重氮化后再与萘乙二胺偶合生成红色偶氮化合物.在其吸收峰543 nm波长处测定其吸光度,据此,在校正曲线上间接地查得试样中NO-3的含量.NO-3质量浓度在0～0.400 mg·L-1范围内遵守比耳定律.方法的检出限(S/N=3)为0.008 mg·L-1,在0.1 mg·L-1的浓度水平进行了测定的精密度试验,计算得到相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.1%.在3个浓度水平上作了回收试验,得出回收率在99%～103%之间.     

原子吸收法间接测定生物样品及食品中的还原糖

对于糖的测定,目前国内外均采用斐林法、碘量法、分光光度法及离子选择电极法等。本文研究了用原子吸收法测定被糖还原的 Cu_2O 的量间接测定还原糖含量的实验条件,并用于葡萄糖中间体、成品、桔子汁、蔬菜、酱、醋、蜂蜜及人体血液等样品中还原糖含量的测定。其线性范围0.05—3mg,回收率98—101%,变动系数1%。本工作是在 pH约为11的碱性介质中,以还原糖将柠檬酸铜络合物     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.