基于IGA-SIMP法的连续体结构应力约束拓扑优化

建立了一种IGA-SIMP框架下的连续体结构应力约束拓扑优化方法。基于常用的SIMP模型,将非均匀有理B样条（NURBS）函数用于几何建模、结构分析和设计参数化,实现了结构分析和优化设计的集成统一。利用高阶连续的NURBS基函数,等几何分析（IGA）提高了结构应力及其灵敏度的计算精度,增加了拓扑优化结果的可信性。为处理大量局部应力约束,提出了基于稳定转换法修正的P-norm应力约束策略,以克服拓扑优化中的迭代振荡和收敛困难。通过几个典型平面应力问题的拓扑优化算例表明了本文方法的有效性和精确性。应力约束下的体积最小化设计以及体积和应力约束下的柔顺度最小化设计的算例表明,基于稳定转换法修正的约束策略可以抑制应力约束体积最小化设计中的迭代振荡现象,获得稳定收敛的优化解;比较而言,体积和应力约束下的柔顺度最小化设计的迭代过程更加稳健,适合采用精确修正的应力约束策略。     

Plate/shell structure topology optimization of orthotropic material for buckling problem based on independent continuous topological variables

The purpose of the present work is to study the buckling problem with plate/shell topology optimiza-tion of orthotropic material.A model of buckling topology optimization is established based on the independent,con-tinuous, and mapping method, which considers structural mass as objective and buckling critical loads as constraints. Firstly, composite exponential function (CEF) and power function(PF)as filter functions are introduced to recognize the element mass,the element stiffness matrix,and the ele-ment geometric stiffness matrix.The filter functions of the orthotropic material stiffness are deduced. Then these fil-ter functions are put into buckling topology optimization of a differential equation to analyze the design sensitiv-ity.Furthermore,the buckling constraints are approximately expressed as explicit functions with respect to the design vari-ables based on the first-order Taylor expansion.The objective function is standardized based on the second-order Taylor expansion. Therefore,the optimization model is translated into a quadratic program.Finally,the dual sequence quadratic programming(DSQP)algorithm and the global convergence method of moving asymptotes algorithm with two different filter functions(CEF and PF)are applied to solve the opti-mal model.Three numerical results show that DSQP&CEF has the best performance in the view of structural mass and discretion.     

The nominal force method for truss geometry and topology optimization incorporating stability considerations

This paper presents a computationally efficient method for truss layout optimization with stability constraints. Previously proposed approaches that ensure stability of optimal frameworks are first reviewed, showing that existing studies are generally restricted to topology optimization. The present contribution aims to generalize the approach to simultaneous geometry and topology optimization. A lower-bound plastic design formulation under multiple loading will serve as basis for this purpose. The numerical difficulties associated with geometrical variations are identified and the parametrization is adapted accordingly. To avoid nodal instability, the nominal force method is adopted, which introduces artificial loading cases to simulate the effect of geometric imperfections. Hence, the truss systems with unstable nodes are eliminated from the set of optimal solutions. At the same time, the local stability of structural members is ensured via a consistent local buckling criterion. This novel formulation leads to optimal configurations that can be practically used for the preliminary design of structural frameworks. Four applications illustrate the impact of stability constraints on the solution. The importance of geometry optimization is also pointed out by comparing with results that would be unattainable by topology optimization only.     

Using strain energy-based prediction of effective elastic properties in topology optimization of material microstructures

An alternative strain energy method is proposed for the prediction of effective elastic properties of orthotropic materials in this paper. The method is implemented in the topology optimization procedure to design cellular solids. A comparative study is made between the strain energy method and the well-known homogenization method. Numerical results show that both methods agree well in the numerical prediction and sensitivity analysis of effective elastic tensor when homogeneous boundary conditions are properly specified. Two dimensional and three dimensional microstructures are optimized for maximum stiffness designs by combining the proposed method with the dual optimization algorithm of convex programming. Satisfactory results are obtained for a variety of design cases. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10372083, 90405016), 973 Program (2006CB601205) and the Aeronautical Science Foundation (04B53080). The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

Design Sensitivity Analysis in Structural Mechanics. I. Static Response Variations

ABSTRACT

The dependence of the solution of boundary-value problems of structural mechanics on design variables that specify material properties and distribution is characterized. Prototype problems treated include beams, plates, and plane elastic solids. Symmetry and positive definiteness properties of the elliptic differential operators that govern system response are used to show that their inverses, hence the displacement fields, are Frechet differentiable with respect to design variables. Formulas for the derivatives are given and used to obtain computable formulas for design sensitivity coefficients (first variation) of integrals that arise in optimal design formulations. The results establish an extension of the concept of “well-posed” problems of structural mechanics to include continuity (in fact, differentiability” of static structural response with respect to distributed design variables and design parameters     

结构拓扑优化ICM方法的改善

对结构拓扑优化的ICM(独立、连续、映射)方法进行了深入探讨,通 过选取不同的过滤函数可以不进行每步删除而得到清晰的拓扑图形. 以位移约束为例阐述了 ICM方法建模及求解过程. 对位移约束、频率约束、位移及频率约束、简谐载荷激励下动位 移幅值约束等拓扑优化进行了研究,计算算例表明ICM方法在处理静力问题及动力问题的拓 扑优化都是可行的. 程序算法都在MSC.Nastran及MSC.Patran的二次开发环境下实现,与 原软件有机结合在一起.     

基于相场描述的拉压不对称强度结构拓扑优化

运用了基于相场描述的拓扑优化方法,来寻找在拉伸和压缩中表现出不对称强度行为的连续体结构的最优布局。依据Drucker-Prager屈服准则和幂率插值方案,优化问题可以描述为在局部应力约束下的最小化结构的体积。用qp放松法来解决应力约束的奇异性,并采用基于P-norm函数的聚合方法对应力约束进行凝聚,该方法实现了约束个数的降低,同时引入了稳定转化法来处理大量的局部应力约束和高度非线性的应力行为,以修正应力,提高优化收敛的稳定性。在优化问题求解时,使用拉格朗日乘子法对目标函数和应力约束进行处理。利用伴随变量法进行灵敏度分析,并通过求解Allen-Cahn方程更新相场函数设计变量。数值算例证明了该优化模型和相应数值技术的有效性,相关算例还揭示了考虑拉压不同强度和考虑同拉压强度约束时得到的结构优化拓扑构型具有显著的差异。     

Design of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices subjected to broadband random vibrations by applying topology optimization

Converting ambient vibration energy into electrical energy by using piezoelectric energy harvester has attracted a lot of interest in the past few years.In this paper,a topology optimization based method is applied to simultaneously determine the optimal layout of the piezoelectric energy harvesting devices and the optimal position of the mass loading.The objective function is to maximize the energy harvesting performance over a range of vibration frequencies.Pseudo excitation method (PEM) is adopted to analyze structural stationary random responses,and sensitivity analysis is then performed by using the adjoint method.Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.     

MoM-based topology optimization method for planar metallic antenna design

The metallic antenna design problem can be treated as a problem to find the optimal distribution of con-ductive material in a certain domain. Although this problem is well suited for topology optimization method, the volu-metric distribution of conductive material based on 3D finite element method (FEM) has been known to cause numerical bottlenecks such as the skin depth issue, meshed“air regions”and other numerical problems. In this paper a topology opti-mization method based on the method of moments (MoM) for configuration design of planar metallic antenna was pro-posed. The candidate structure of the planar metallic antenna was approximately considered as a resistance sheet with position-dependent impedance. In this way, the electromag-netic property of the antenna can be analyzed easily by using the MoM to solve the radiation problem of the resistance sheet in a finite domain. The topology of the antenna was depicted with the distribution of the impedance related to the design parameters or relative densities. The conductive mate-rial (metal) was assumed to have zero impedance, whereas the non-conductive material was simulated as a material with a finite but large enough impedance. The interpola-tion function of the impedance between conductive material and non-conductive material was taken as a tangential func-tion. The design of planar metallic antenna was optimized for maximizing the efficiency at the target frequency. The results illustrated the effectiveness of the method.     

Numerical performance of two formulations of truss topology optimization

The present paper studies topology optimization of truss structures in multiple loading cases and with stress constraints. It is pointed out in the paper that the special difficulty of adding bars and/or deleting bars from structure in the numerical algorithm of truss topology optimization is caused by the discontinuity of stress functions at the zero cross sectional area in the conventional formulation. In a new formulation, we replace the stress constraints by new constraints. The new constraints retain the same feasibility of the stress constraints, but are continuous in the closed interval up to zero cross sectional area. The new formulation enables us to solve topology optimization problem in the frame of the existing FEM software and mathematical programming techniques. Powell constrained variable metric method is applied to a number of examples of truss topology optimization. Numerical performances of the two formulations are compared. It is shown that in the conventional formulation the iteration of numerical algorithm may be blocked by discontinuity of the stress constraint and often stops at a nonoptimum solution. And in the new formulation the bar adding and bar deleting is done rationally and a local optimum, even the global optimum can be obtained by iteration. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

传热结构的多目标拓扑优化设计研究

深入分析了传热结构多目标拓扑优化设计中的几个关键问题。提出了基于结构柔度最小化和结构散热弱度最小化的多目标拓扑优化设计方法,建立了传热结构的多目标拓扑优化设计模型,推导了传热结构多目标拓扑优化中用于迭代分析求解的优化准则算法和敏度分析方程。通过数值计算验证了理论和算法的有效性。     

Truss topology optimization under uncertain nodal locations with proportional topology optimization method

This paper presents an approach to solving truss topology optimization problem with small uncertainty in the locations of the structural nodes. The nodal locations in the truss are assumed to be random, and the probabilistic method is used here to deal with the uncertainty. The objective of the optimization problem is to minimize the mean compliance of the truss structure under nodal location uncertainty. It is a well-acknowledged barrier to compute the inverse of the structural stiffness matrix which involves variations in the optimization problem. In this paper, based on Neumann series expansion, this optimization problem can be recast into a simpler deterministic structural optimization problem. In order to avoid the sensitivity calculations for the objective function, the proportional topology optimization method which shows comparable e?ciency and accuracy with gradient-based method is used. The numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness and high e?ciency of the proposed approach, and further illustrate that the optimal truss topology can be dramatically impacted by nodal location uncertainties.     

Evolutionary topology optimization for acoustic-structure interaction problems using a mixed u/p formulation

In this work, we present a topology optimization method for acoustic-structure interaction problems, which combines bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) with a mixed displacement-pressure (u/p) formulation as an effective and straightforward design method for a multi-physics system involving acoustic-structure interactions. Due to the binary characteristics of the BESO and the multi-physics modeling approach of the mixed formulation, the proposed optimization procedure could benefit from high computational efficiency and high-quality design in acoustic-structure interaction problems. Several topology optimization problems for vibro-acoustic systems are carried out, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method.     

A direct approach for continuous topology optimization subject to admissible loading

In the present paper, a method is proposed for topology optimization of continuum structures subject to static and plastic admissibility conditions relative to a prescribed load. A key feature of the method is that, using a finite-element discretization, the form of the resulting topology optimization problem is similar to that of the direct static approach of the limit analysis problem. The proposed method is formulated in plane strain using Tresca materials and is illustrated on example problems taken from the literature.     

多功能结构拓扑形态优化数值方法

对建筑结构设计的多功能要求,以平面问题为研究对象,对改进进化论方法进行了功能上的改进,增强了方法对复杂空间条件的适应性,提高了计算效率和所生成结构体的质量。针对建筑对空间的限制,将方法的允许空间拓展为自由边界允许空间,并引进临时允许空间的概念;针对结构功能需求,研究了能够适应支座改变、荷载组合等多工况情况的合理结构形态创构方法;考虑到材料的受力特性,研究了相应（如指定构件纯受压或纯受拉）的结构拓扑形态优化方法。文中还通过算例分析了方法的特点,探讨了方法所得到结构形态的一些力学特性。该方法所得结构为以均匀拉压应力形式来抵抗荷载,其形式可为结构概念设计提供参考。     

基于蚁群算法的结构拓扑优化方法

在蚁群优化算法的基础上,将结构拓扑优化问题转换成为双TSP问题,引入了拓扑量和拓扑总量作为结构拓扑变化的评判标准,用MATLAB语言编写了求解结构拓扑优化的简化程序,实现了蚁群优化算法在结构拓扑优化设计上的应用。对经典的平面桁架结构的拓扑优化算例,本文算法与离散系统下的优化算法结果表明:在不同约束限制下,结构拓扑形式一致,重量优化可减小1.4%~3.3%;对某输电线塔应用结果表明:与差商算法相比,搜索的结构拓扑形式更全面,结构质量优化也减小了22%。说明本文优化算法具有较强的实用性。     

基于深度学习的跨分辨率结构拓扑优化设计方法

在传统拓扑优化设计中,随着结构单元增加,迭代计算过程消耗了大量的时间.本文提出了一种基于深度学习的方法来加速拓扑优化设计过程,缩短了结构拓扑优化设计的迭代过程,并生成了高分辨率拓扑优化结构.利用深度学习方法,在低分辨率中间构型与高分辨率拓扑构型之间创建高维映射关系,利用独立、连续和映射(ICM)方法建立深度学习网络所需...     

基于SIMP插值模型的渐进结构优化方法

在传统渐进结构优化算法(ESO)及带惩罚的变密度法(SIMP)的基础上,本文提出将二者相结合的基于SIMP插值模型的渐进结构优化算法.该方法通过缩小传统ESO算法中的进化步长,从而缩小了由于进化步长过大而导致的敏度评估误差,使得ESO算法在合理性及通用性上获得了较大改善.数值算例表明,该方法在保持了常规ESO方法的优点的同时,拥有更高的稳定性和可靠性.     

一种基于应力的双方向结构拓扑优化算法

基于传统的渐进结构优化方法,提出了一种基于应力的双方向渐进拓扑优化算法。该方法是对传统方法和目前的双方向法的改进和完善。算例表明该方法能避免目前的双方向法具有的解的振荡问题,具有更高的可靠性,能获得更佳的拓扑结构。