Dinitramide and its salts

Dinitramide readily adds to acrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, and phenyl vinyl ketone, but not to acrylonitrile or methyl acrylate. Treatment of dinitro compounds (O₂N)₂NCH₂CH₂COR (R = H, Me, Ph, OMe) with bases results in dinitramide salts in 66–83 % yields.For part 1, see Ref. 1.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1264–1266, July, 1994.     

Dinitramide and its salts

A strategy of organic synthesis has been developed for a new class of inorganic compounds,viz., dinitramide and its metal, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts. The basic concepts have been tested in model reactions of -substituted derivatives ofN-alkyl-N-nitrotoluenesulfonamides with bases and have been confirmed by the decyanoethylation ofN,N-dmitro--aminopropionitrile taken as an example.In the communications of this series, we are going to report the results of work on dinitramide carried out in 1970–1980 that could not be published previously. The synthesis of dinitramide salts was first published in the patent literature in 1992. 1,2Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 94–97, January, 1994.     

Dinitramide and its salts

Nitration of nitramidc to dinitramide with nitryl salts is described.     

微乳及其应用

微乳在生物技术、人造血管、酶固定化、能源科学、纳米材料、涂料、医药、食品、石油、选矿、环境等方面得到了越来越广泛的关注和应用。对微乳的理论研究、组成、制备方法、性质表征及应用的研究作了阐述。微乳技术具有很好的发展前景。     

Hydroxynitrobenzodifuroxan and its salts

The synthesis and properties of hydroxynitrobenzodifuroxan (5‐nitro[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4‐e][2,1,3]ben‐zoxadiazol‐4‐ol‐3,8‐dioxide) ( 1 ) and its salts (four metal and three amine salts) are described. Crystal structure analyses indicate that the hydroxynitrobenzodifuroxan materials can exist in two forms. One form is the isomer in which the oxy and nitro group are in positions ortho to each other. In the other form, these groups are para to each other.     

Dinitramide and its salts

The preparation and physicochemical properties of salts of dinitramide HN(NO₂)₂ with uni- and bivalent metals of groups I, II, VII, and VIII of the Periodic Table are considered.For part 2,seeRuss. Chem. Bull., 1994,43, 1200.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1546–1549, September, 1994.     

Sonochemistry and its dosimetry

The effects of ultrasound originate primarily in acoustic cavitation. The cavitation bubbles collapse violently enough to lead to interesting chemical effects, known as sonochemistry. There is a great need to relate the efficiency of sonochemical reaction to the energy of ultrasonic irradiation used to produce them. In this paper, three OH radical dosimeters, Fricke dosimeter, terephthalate dosimeter, and iodide dosimeter, are compared from the analytical point of view. The dosimeters based on photometry, i.e., Fricke and iodide, produced reliable and reproducible results, but the sensitivity is not enough for special applications, such as chemical monitoring of single bubble cavitation. The dosimeter based on fluorometry, terephthalate dosimeter, offered high sensitivity, 1.2×10¹¹ molecules ml⁻¹. The effects of some experimental parameters in sonochemistry, i.e., solution temperature and the dissolved gas species, were evaluated with the dosimeters.     

Sarkomycin and its analogs

Summary Racemic sarkomycin was synthesized. It was obtained in the form of its semicarbazone.     

Cyanoacetylene and its derivatives

Conclusions Tertiary cyanoacetylenic carbinols in the presence of alkalis undergo autoheterocyclization with the formation of 2,2-dialkyl-4,5-di(cyanomethylidene)oxetanes.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1349–1353, June, 1980.     

Dinitramide and its salts

The vibrational and electronic spectra of dinitramide salts MN(NO₂)₂ (M=K, Na, Li, NH₄, Fe, Ag, Mn, Mg, Rb, C(NH₂)₃) have been studied. The IR and Raman spectra of solutions and melts of the salts have been satisfactorily interpreted on the basis of the anion model withC _2v symmetry. The complication of the spectra in the crystalline phase has been explained by restructurization of the anion that reduces its symmetry and makes the nitro groups nonequivalent.For part 6, seeIzv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., 1995, 113 [Russ. Chem. Bull.,44, 108 (Engl. Transl.)].Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1508–1512, August, 1995.     

超微电极技术与应用

综述超微电极的特点、分类、制备；超微电极在生物体细胞分析、单分子分析、固体电化学、化学动力学参数测定及痕量物质检测等方面的应用．     

Dinitramide and its salts

The methods for preparation and the properties of dinitramide salts with ammonia, hydrazine, hydroxylamine, formamidine, their alkylated and aminated derivatives,etc. are described.For Part 5, seeRuss. Chem. Bull., 1994,43, 1680.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 113–117, January, 1995.     

Dicyanoketene and its isomers

Ab initio STO-3G calculations have been performed on dicyanoketene and its isomeric forms. Optimized nuclear configurations and relative stabilities are examined and compared with those of ketene and oxirene. Heats of formation and bond substitution energies are estimated.     

氟中毒及其治理

“氟魔”严重威胁着我国西南和西北等地人民的身体健康。氟本是人体必需的微量元素之一,但超量则会导致氟中毒:氟斑牙或氟骨症。本文概述了氟制取的悲壮历史和氟性质的特殊性,探讨了氟与人体健康的辩证关系和氟中毒的机理及表现,介绍了西南地区氟中毒的原因,提出了消除氟中毒的对策。     

Dinitramide and its salts

The dinitramide anion shows ambident properties. Its reactions with alkylating reagents give rise toN- orO-alkylated products or their mixtures. The reactions of alkylated products with bases were studied.For the previous communication, see V. A. Shlyapochnikov, G. I. Oleneva, N. O. Cherskaya, O. A. Luk'yanov, V. P. Gorelik, O. V. Anikin, and V. A. Tartakovsky,Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., 1994, 1610 [Russ. Chem. Bull., 1994,43, No. 11 (Engl. Transl.)].Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 1775–1778, October, 1994.     

Dinitramide and its salts

Mercury(u) dinitramidate Hg(N₃O₄)₂ (MDNA) has been synthesized. Its electronic and vibrational spectra show that in the crystalline state and in solutions in nonpolar solvents, MDNA is a covalent compound, the mercury atom being bound to the oxygen atoms. In polar solvents, MDNA dissociates to give mercury(u) cation and dinitramide anion N₃O₄ ^–.For Communication 7, sec Ref. 3Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 447–450, February, 1996.     

Dinitramide and its salts

N,N-Dinitro derivatives of alkylurethanes, benzamide, andp-toluenesulfamide were synthesized for the first time. Their reactions with ammonia afforded the ammonium salt of dinitramide in 44–85% yields.For part 9, seeIzv. Akad. Nauk. Ser. Khim., 1996, 451 [Russ-Chem. Bull., 199645, 433 (Engl. Transl.)].Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 908–912, April, 1996.     

Anti-isohumulone and its derivatives

Three new humulone derivatives have been isolated and identified as: 3,4-dihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-4-(4-methyl-3-pentenoyl)-2-cyclopentenone (6);4-ethanoyl-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2-cyclopentenone (7) and 3,4-dihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2-cyclopentenone (8), respectively. They arise by deacylation of anti-isohumulone (3_a), which is formed from humulone (1a) following an isomerization with ring contraction in opposite direction than the usual one producing isohumulones (2a).     

Adamantane and its derivatives

Conclusions The Curtius reaction was studied on the example of the azides of the 2,6-adamantanedione-1,7-di-carboxylic, 2,6-adamantanedione-1,3,5,7-tetracarboxylic and 1-bromo-3-adamantaneearboxylic acids.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 57–61, January, 1973.