Application of a domino intramolecular enyne metathesis/cross metathesis reaction to the total synthesis of (+)-8-epi-xanthatin

[reaction: see text] The first total synthesis of the novel sesquiterpene lactone (+)-8-epi-xanthatin (1) has been achieved starting from the commercially available ester 8. The synthesis features an asymmetric aldol reaction and palladium-catalyzed carbonylation/lactonization sequence leading to 4 and a domino ring-closing enyne metathesis/cross metathesis reaction to afford 1.     

Total synthesis of (+)-dactylolide

[reaction: see text] The total synthesis of the new cytotoxic marine macrolide (+)-dactylolide (1) has been achieved in nine steps from known vinyl bromide (-)-AB. In addition, (+)-zampanolide (2) has been converted to (+)-dactylolide (1) via thermolysis.     

Synthesis of (+)-sch 642305 by a biomimetic transannular Michael reaction

[reaction: see text] The synthesis of (+)-Sch 642305 (1) has been completed in 17 steps in 1.6% overall yield. Transannular Michael reaction of 2b with NaH in THF provided cyclohexenone 23 stereospecifically. Heating 23 in TFA/CDCl(3) provided a 3:1 equilibrium mixture of 23 and 25, which was hydrolyzed to give (+)-6-epi-Sch 642305 (24) and (+)-Sch 642305 (1), respectively.     

Stereoselective synthesis of (+)-secosyrin 1

A Chiron approach for the synthesis of (+)-secosyrin 1 from d-mannitol has been described. The key steps are a stereoselective Wittig reaction and an intramolecular Michael addition on the disubstituted butenolide, leading to a highly stereoselective formation of the tertiary chiral centre of (+)-secosyrin 1.     

Chiron approach for the formal synthesis of (+)-syributin 1

A chiron approach for the formal synthesis of (+)-syributin 1 from d-mannitol has been described. The key steps are a Wittig reaction and RCM.     

Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of butane diacetal-protected (4S,5S)-dihydroxycyclohexen-1-one and use in natural product synthesis

Due to the lack of availability of unnatural (+)-quinic acid as a starting material, a 6-step synthesis of butane diacetal-protected (4S,5S)-dihydroxycyclohexen-1-one (formally derived from (+)-quinic acid) has been devised. The key catalytic asymmetric step involves a chiral Co-salen-catalysed epoxide ring-opening reaction. (4S,5S)-Dihydroxycyclohexen-1-one was utilised in the synthesis of two cyclohexenone natural products isolated from the mycelia of Lasiodiplodia theobromae.     

Stereoselective and facile total synthesis of (+)-goniodiol,a styryllactone from carbohydrates

The stereoselective synthesis of (+)-goniodiol, a cytotoxic styryllactone, has been accomplished in 10 steps starting from inexpensive and readily available d-manitol and δ-gluconolactone involving the direct and straightforward reaction conditions of Grignard addition, chain elongation, and hydroboration, thus making the synthesis simple and convenient.     

Convenient route to enantiopure aryl cyclopentanes via Diels-Alder reaction of asymmetric dienes. Total synthesis of (+)-herbertene and (+)-cuparene

A general route for the synthesis of highly substituted aryl cyclopentanes has been developed involving Diels-Alder reaction of asymmetric dienes prepared from (+)-camphoric acid followed by aromatization of the resulting cyclohexene derivatives. Employing this protocol enantiospecific synthesis of (+)-herbertene and (+)-cuparene has been accomplished.     

Synthesis of (+)-bullatacin via the highly diastereoselective [3+2] annulation reaction of a racemic aldehyde and a nonracemic allylsilane

[reaction: see text] A total synthesis of (+)-bullatacin has been accomplished via a diastereoselective [3+2] annulation reaction of the highly enantiomerically enriched allylsilane 3 and racemic aldehyde 4, which provides the key bis-tetrahydrofuran fragment 15 with > or = 20:1 ds.     

Synthetic studies on (+)-naphthyridinomycin: stereoselective synthesis of the tetracyclic core framework

[reaction: see text] The stereoselective synthesis of the tetracyclic intermediate 21 for (+)-naphthyridinomycin (1) has been accomplished. The convergent synthesis used the Ugi 4CC reaction with the amine derivative 10. The key features of the stereoselective synthesis of 21 were the intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reaction, an aromatic-aldehyde cyclization, and a stereoselective hydroboration.     

Stereocontrolled assembly of tetrasubstituted tetrahydrofurans: a concise synthesis of virgatusin

The condensation of substituted allylsiloxanes with aldehydes leads to the highly stereoselective construction of 2,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted tetrahydrofurans. With electron-rich aryl and alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes as substrates, the stereochemical outcome at C5 can be dictated by appropriate choice of Lewis acid. The reaction has been applied to a concise (nine step) synthesis of (+)-virgatusin (ent-1). [reaction: see text]     

Total synthesis of (+)-macquarimicin A

The first total synthesis of (+)-macquarimicin A (1), a novel inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) with antiinflammatory activity, has been accomplished. The present work determined the absolute configuration of (+)-1 and revised the C(2)-C(3) geometry to be Z. The synthesis features a transannular Diels-Alder reaction, which constructed the tetracyclic framework stereoselectively, and a convergent and efficient synthetic pathway, which afforded (+)-macquarimicin A (1) in 27 steps (longest linear sequence) with 9.9% overall yield.     

Asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-spirofungin A and (+)-spirofungin B

[chemical reaction: see text]. The stereocontrolled total synthesis of (-)-spirofungin A (1) and (+)-spirofungin B (2a), polyketide-type antibiotics having various antifungal activities, has been achieved employing the Weinreb amide 8, the alkyne 9, and the vinyl boronate 5 readily available from the common intermediate 10. The first synthesis proceeded with a longest linear sequence of 31 steps, affording (-)-1 and (+)-2a in 7.9% and 5.2% overall yields, respectively.     

The first enantiospecific total synthesis of a C-quaternary voachalotine alkaloid, (+)-dehydrovoachalotine

The first enantiospecific total synthesis of the indole alkaloid (+)-dehydrovoachalotine (1) has been achieved from d-(+)-tryptophan methyl ester in 28% overall yield. The formation of the prochiral quaternary carbon center at C-16 in the key intermediate (12) was realized via a Tollens reaction from N_a-methylvellosimine (13) in 95% yield. This approach could also be applied to the synthesis of many other indole alkaloids that contain a quaternary carbon center at C(16).     

Facile and efficient synthesis of lactols by a domino reaction of 2,3-epoxy alcohols with a hypervalent iodine(III) reagent and its application to the synthesis of lactones and the asymmetric synthesis of (+)-tanikolide

The domino reaction of 2,3-epoxy-1-alcohol derivatives, namely tetrasubstituted 2,3-epoxy-1-alcohols and 2- or 3-alkyl trisubstituted 2,3-epoxy-1-alcohols, with PhI(OCOCF(3))(2) in the presence of H(2)O is described in detail. In this reaction, several types of lactol derivatives can be directly obtained from the 2,3-epoxy-1-alcohol derivatives in a single operation. The obtained lactols were successively converted into the corresponding lactones. This reaction is applicable to the construction of optically active lactone compounds. The asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-tanikolide, an antifungal marine natural product, has been effectively achieved by using this reaction.     

New concise total synthesis of (+)-lentiginosine and some structural analogues

An efficient and concise total synthesis of (+)-lentiginosine (1) starting from an L-tartaric acid-derived nitrone using organometallic addition, indium-catalyzed reduction, and ring-closing metathesis reaction as the key steps is reported. Structural analogues of (+)-1 have been also synthesized, and their inhibitory activity toward 22 commercially available glycosidases has been evaluated.     

Enantioefficient synthesis of alpha-ergocryptine: first direct synthesis of (+)-lysergic acid

The first direct synthesis of (+)-lysergic acid (2a) suitable for scale-up has been achieved by the following reaction sequence. Bromoketones 4d or 4g were allowed to react with amine 5 followed by deprotection, and the resulting diketone 6c was transformed into the unsaturated ketone (+/-)-7 by the LiBr/Et(3)N system. Resolution afforded (+)-7, which was further transformed by Sch?llkopf's method into the mixture of esters 2e and 2f. Upon hydrolysis the latter mixture afforded (+)-2a. The peptide part of alpha-ergocryptine (1) was prepared according to the Sandoz method; the stereoefficiency, however, has been significantly improved by applying a new resolution method and recycling the undesired enantiomer. Coupling the peptide part with lysergic acid afforded 1. Having synthetic (+)-7 in hand, we can claim the total synthesis of all the alkaloids which were prepared earlier from (+)-7 that had been obtained through degradation of natural lysergic acid.     

Stereoselective Iodolactonization of 4‐Allenoic Acids with Efficient Chirality Transfer: Development of a New Electrophilic Iodination Reagent

A highly stereoselective iodolactonization of 4‐allenoic acids with a new sterically demanding electrophilic iodination reagent to afford optically active γ‐butyrolactones has been developed. The reaction shows high efficiency of axial chirality transfer and excellent Z/E selectivity and has been applied to the synthesis of chiral cis‐β,γ‐disubstituted γ‐butyrolactones to give very high diastereomeric and enantiomeric excess values. The reaction has been successfully utilized in the synthesis of naturally occurring compounds (+)‐cis‐whisky lactone and (+)‐cis‐3‐methyl‐4‐decanolide.     

Enantioselective synthesis and absolute configuration assignment of gabosine O. Synthesis of (+)- and (-)-gabosine N and (+)- and (-)-epigabosines N and O

[reaction: see text] A rational approach to the synthesis of gabosines and other related carba-sugars starting from a masked p-benzoquinone has been designed. The enantioselective acetylation of the hydroxyketal 2 provides a practical entry to either enantiomer of the target products. The strategy has been applied to the synthesis of (+)- and (-)-gabosines N and O and (+)- and (-)-epigabosines N and O. The absolute configuration of natural gabosine O has been established.     

Total synthesis of natural (+)-sesbanimide a and (-)-sesbanimide b

The first total synthesis of natural (+)-sesbanimide A (1) and (-)-sesbanimide B (2), potent antitumor alkaloids isolated from the seeds of the leguminous plant, Sesbania drummondii, has been accomplished starting from D-(+)-xylose. This total synthesis involves efficient construction of the optically active AB-ring system from D-(+)-xylose, introduction of the C₅-unit into the AB-ring system in a form of exo-methylene-γ-lactone, and elaboration of the labile C-ring system at the last stage of the synthesis. The absolute configurations of natural 1 and 2 could be obviously established by our total synthesis.