Simple Emission Model of Supersonic Molecular Beam

Recently some modes of supersonic molecular beam injection （SMBI）have been put forward. Among them there are electrostatic “double layer”-shielding, simple collective and optimized numerical models to explain the experiment phenomenon. The penetrated depth A and particle deposition were calculated theoretically. About 1/7 in- cident thermal electron flux was amputated and, A increased seven times. The previous simulation is not enough for the SMBI fueling mechanism research. Hence, further investigations, both in experiment and in theory should be developed. The phenomena of line emission due to supersonic molecular beam （SMB） are of particular importance.     

The First Results of Supersonic Molecular Beam Injection in the HL-2A Tokamak

HL-2A tokamak, the first tokamak with divertor in China, has been constructed and put into operation in 2002. The main parameters are R=1.65 m, a=0.4 m, BT=2.8 T, Ip = 0. 48 MA. The divertor of HL-2A is unique, because it is characterized with a large closed divertor chamber. The device has double divertor chamber, but now it is operating with lower single null configuration to study the physics of divertor for the next step design of a divertor. Supersonic molecular beam injection （SMBI） system with LN2 cooling trap was first installed and demonstrated on the HL-2A tokamak in 2004. The first results of SMBI into HL-2A plasma are to demonstrate the function of the HL-2A divertor and to observe the cold pulse propagation during multi-pulse SMBI on HL-2A Tokamak.     

Phenomena of the Cold Pulse Propagation during Pulsed Molecular Beam Injection

As an advanced fuelling method on tokamak, molecular beam injection （MBI） has successfully been developed in HL-1M firstly and applied to HL-2A later. Many advantages such as peaked density profile and the energy confinement time increasing have been found in the MBI experiments. Some interesting phenomena have been observed in the previous MBI experiments. But up to now the mechanism of the MBI seems not very clear.     

Cluster Effects during High Pressure Supersonic Molecular Beam Injection into Plasma

When we speak of clusters, we have in mind entities which have neither the well-defined compositions, geometries, and strong bonds of conventional molecules northe boundary-independent properties of bulk matter. For example, an aggregate of a few atoms held together by Van der Waals forces constitutes a cluster. But clusters need not be weakly bound, several metal atoms bound together also constitute a cluster. Clusters need not be composed of a single kind of chemical entity, either atomic or molecular,     

Experiments on High Pressure Supersonic Molecular Beam Injection in the HL-1M Tokamak

Supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) was first proposed and demonstrated on the HL-1 tokamak, was successfully developed and used on the HL-1M tokamak,and was then applied on the HT-7 superconducting tokamak, the Tore Supra tokamak and the WT-AS stellarator. With the new     

用CCD相机拍摄SMB在等离子体中Hα线辐射图像

目前托卡马克有四种加料方式，分别是：（1）弹丸注入；（2）补充送气；（3）中性束注入和（4）超声分子束（SMB）注入。其中，第4种方法是核西物院率先提出的。     

CCD技术在HL-1M等离子体诊断中的应用

描述了CCD相机在HL－1M装置上的应用。报告了中性束、分子束、弹丸注入和激光吹气实验的布置、拍摄的图象和一些实验结果。对实验现象作了解释。     

HL—1M多脉冲分子束注入的CCD摄像

HL－1M装置实现了一种新的气体加料改善约束的方法－分子束注入（用多脉冲高速分子束注入加料）。多脉冲分子束注入加料可以控制等离子体密度分布、改善约束性能和提高密度极限。HL－1M托卡马克的多脉冲分子束注入得到了高的加料效率、改进了能量约束并维持了较高的密度峰化截面。分子束加料τE的改善和Qn 值的增加可与HL－１M装置的小弹丸注入和ASDEX的小弹丸注入结果相比拟。脉冲高速分子束是由高压氢分子气体通过拉瓦尔（Laval)喷口形成的。在实验中CCD相机可以用于研究分子束与离子体相互作用的许多复杂物理现象,用它拍摄分子束在等离子体中的辐射云照片是研究分子束辐射过程极其有效的手段。