FCC汽油低温改质过程的烯烃转化及催化剂积炭

利用微反-色谱联合实验装置和连续式小型提升管催化裂化实验装置研究了催化裂化汽油低温改质过程中烯烃转化和催化剂积炭的过程和规律。通过对模型化合物和催化裂化汽油改质过程中催化剂活性、催化裂化汽油窄馏分、反应温度、剂油比和反应时间对烯烃转化和催化剂积炭的研究表明，大部分烯烃转化和催化剂积炭的反应发生在油剂接触极短的反应时间内，并随着催化剂活性、反应物活性、剂油比和反应温度的提高而增加。在油剂接触后很长的反应时间内，生焦量、积炭速率和烯烃的转化程度都很小，烯烃转化损失率降低，因此，催化裂化汽油在低温改质的条件下可以通过延长反应时间来提高烯烃的转化率。因此，催化裂化汽油改质的最佳工艺条件为，390℃～440℃，剂油比6，催化剂活性61～65，长反应时间，轻馏分进料。     

Toward De Novo Catalyst Discovery: Fast Identification of New Catalyst Candidates for Alcohol-Mediated Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reactions**

Recently we have demonstrated how a genetic algorithm (GA) starting from random tertiary amines can be used to discover a new and efficient catalyst for the alcohol-mediated Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reaction. In particular, the discovered catalyst was shown experimentally to be eight times more active than DABCO, commonly used to catalyze the MBH reaction. This represents a breakthrough in using generative models for catalyst optimization. However, the GA procedure, and hence discovery, relied on two important pieces of information; 1) the knowledge that tertiary amines catalyze the reaction and 2) the mechanism and reaction profile for the catalyzed reaction, in particular the transition state structure of the rate-determining step. Thus, truly de novo catalyst discovery must include these steps. Here we present such a method for discovering catalyst candidates for a specific reaction while simultaneously proposing a mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. We show that tertiary amines and phosphines are potential catalysts for the MBH reaction by screening 11 molecular templates representing common functional groups. The method relies on an automated reaction discovery workflow using meta-dynamics calculations. Combining this method for catalyst candidate discovery with our GA-based catalyst optimization method results in an algorithm for truly de novo catalyst discovery.     

磷钨酸插层Zn/Al类水滑石催化合成邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯

以对苯二甲酸根阴离子为预支撑体,制备了磷钨酸插层Zn/Al类水滑石杂化物催化剂,将其用于邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DOP)的合成反应.研究了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等对邻苯二甲酸酐转化率的影响,及催化剂的可重复利用性.结果表明,磷钨酸-Zn/Al类水滑石杂化催化剂对DOP合成的催化效果较好,在催化剂用量为苯酐质量的0.76%,异辛醇与邻苯二甲酸酐的摩尔比为2.5,反应温度为180℃,反应时间为4.5 h,带水剂环己烷约为苯酐质量65%的反应条件下,苯酐转化率可达92.8%;反应10 h转化率可达97.9%.催化剂重复使用时转化率略有下降,经过乙醇洗涤再生,活性即可基本恢复.     

磷钨酸离子液体催化合成N-苯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的研究

以邻苯二甲酸酐为原料,以磷钨酸离子液体为催化剂合成了N-苯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺。通过对溶剂、反应温度、催化剂用量的研究,探索了磷钨酸离子液体催化反应条件和催化剂循环使用效果。结果表明,催化合成的最佳反应条件是:甲苯作为溶剂,催化剂用量为0.20 mmol,反应温度为100℃。催化剂循环使用6次后催化剂损失率小于0.01%。该方法实现了N-苯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的绿色合成。     

Methanol aided synthesis of PdNPs decorated on montmorillonite K 10 and its implication in Suzuki Miyaura type cross coupling reaction under base free condition

An efficient catalyst PdNPs decorated on Montmorillonite K 10 is prepared by simply stirring Pd(OAc)₂ in methanol at room temperature without using any external reducing agent. The catalyst shows excellent activity for Suzuki Miyaura type cross coupling reaction between aryl diazonium salt and arylboronic acid under ligand and base free reaction conditions within short reaction time. The main advantage of this methodology is the easy synthesis of heterogeneous PdNPs @ Mont K 10 catalyst in a mild condition without using any reducing agent or additive and the catalyst is very efficient for biaryl synthesis. The catalyst is well characterized by SEM, EDX, TEM, BET, Powder XRD, TGA, DSC etc. The reaction pathway is greener with aqueous reaction medium, base free reaction condition, room temperature and reusable heterogeneous catalyst.     

Au负载催化剂应用于水煤气变换制氢反应的研究进展

水煤气变换反应是目前广泛应用于制氢的方法 ,应用于水煤气变换反应的催化剂成为了重要的研究热点.我们在简述传统水煤气变换催化剂的基础上,重点介绍了Au负载型催化剂应用于水煤气变换反应的相关文献,针对Au负载型催化剂的载体种类、制备方法以及催化剂活性机理做出了详细分析.强调了影响水煤气变换反应催化剂的重点参数及Au负载型催化剂的发展趋势,以便为提高催化剂催化活性、设计Au负载催化剂并应用在水煤气变换反应中的研究者提供必要的参考信息.     

Fe-P-O催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联反应强制振荡的研究

制备了可还原型甲烷氧化偶联反应催化剂ＦｅＰＯ,并在非稳态操作条件下,考察了浓度强制振荡操作对反应的强化作用,并对该体系催化剂进行了ＸＲＤ表征．结果表明,与稳态相比,非稳态下周期循环进料操作能够明显改善催化反应性能;催化剂在反应过程中有新的物相生成,并对甲烷活化产生较大的影响．     

壳聚糖席夫碱钯配合物催化碘代苯与苯乙烯交叉偶联反应的研究

水杨醛与壳聚糖反应制得壳聚糖席夫碱配体,此配体与钯盐反应得到壳聚糖席夫碱钯催化剂.研究了该催化剂对碘代苯(PhI)与苯乙烯偶联生成反式-二苯乙烯的催化性能.考察了不同反应因素(原料比、缚酸剂种类及其用量、反应温度、溶剂、催化剂用量、反应时间)对该反应的影响,由此确定了该催化反应的最佳反应条件.该催化剂经过滤分离、溶剂洗涤,循环使用6次仍有较高的催化活性,该催化剂对取代碘苯与苯乙烯的反应也有较高的催化活性.     

Reaction Chemistry of W—Mn／SiO2 Catalyst for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane

Reaction chemistry of the OCM reaction on W-Mn/SiO2 catalyst has been reviewed in this account.Initial activity and selectivity,stability in a long-term reaction,reaction at elevated pressures and a modelling test in a stainless-steel fluidized-bed reactor show that W-Mn/SiO2 has promising performance for the development of an OCM process that directly produces ethylene from natural gas.A study on surface catalytic reaction kinetics and used cataly st structure characterization revealed a possible reason why C2 and COx selectivity changed during the long-term reaction.Further improvement of the catalyst composition and preparation metbod should be a future direction of study on OCM reaction over W-Mn/SiO2 catalyst.     

Preparation of p—1,1,3,3—Tetramethylbutylphenol by Using Nafion—H Catalyst

p-1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutylphenol was prepared by the alkylation of the phenol with Nafion catalyst in extremely high yield. Various reaction conditions were investigated, including the reaction temperature,reaction time, ratio of the starting material, amount of the Nafion catalyst and the recycle times of the catalyst.     

木质素负载钯催化剂的制备及对Heck反应的催化性能

以天然木质素和PdC l2为原料,合成了木质素负载钯催化剂,用IR、XPS、TG、DTA等对其进行了表征.研究表明,该催化剂在空气氛围中能催化丙烯酸与芳基碘的Heck反应,并有一定的重复使用性能.     

PRODUCTION OF LIGHT OLEFINS FROM CO_2 HYDROGENATION OVER Fe/SILICALITE-2 CATALYST Ⅳ. PERFORMANCE OF THE K-Fe-Mno/Si-2 CATALYST

IntroductionInordertodevelopanewcatalystwithbCttercarelyticedivityforseleCtiveproductionoflightolefinsfromCOZhydrogenation,asilicalite-2(St-2)zeolitesupportedFecatalystpromotedbyalkalimetalandMnOadditiveshasbeenacquiredwithmorethan68%oflightolefinselectiv…     

PRODUCTION OF LIGHT OLEFINS FROM CO2 HYDROGENATION OVER Fe/SILICALITE-2 CATALYST IV. PERFORMANCE OF THE K-Fe-MnO/Si-2 CATALYST

A new K-Fe-MnO/Si-2 catalyst has been developed for CO2 hydrogenation, which exhibits a fascinating reaction activity and light olefin selectivity for CO2 hydrogenation. Over the catalyst, it is observed that olefin selectivity increases apparently with reaction temperature and/or GHSV, while decreases when reaction pressure is up. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibits a better stability for CO2 hydrogenation. However, coke deposited on catalyst surface is formed at the beginning of the reaction period and then reached a stable state during CO2 hydrogenation. Generally, the K-Fe-MnO/Si-2 catalyst can be regenerated for CO2 hydrogenation, the same selectivity of C2=-C4=alkenes is regained without any decrease in catalyst activity with time on stream.     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚催化干法制备阳离子淀粉

阳离子淀粉是淀粉与阳离子试剂反应制得的一类很重要的淀粉衍生物。已广泛用于造纸、纺织、食品、油田、粘合剂、化妆品和污水处理等行业 [1 ,2 ]。阳离子淀粉传统的制备方法是溶液法 ,因反应时间长、溶剂消耗量大、产品成本高、对环境污染严重等 ,从而使产品的开发和应用受到限制。自 Caesar等 [3,4 ]发现干法制备阳离子淀粉的方法以来 ,受到了变性淀粉研究工作者的重视。在用 Na OH作催化剂 ,干法制备季铵型阳离子淀粉方面 ,国内也做了许多研究工作 ,取得了许多研究成果 [5～ 7]。岳世泰等 [8]也报道了用电磁干法制备阳离子淀粉的研究成…     

Condensation reaction of 3-(methacryloxypropyl)-trimethoxysilane and diisobutylsilanediol in non-hydrolytic sol-gel process

The condensation reaction of 3-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (MPTS) and diisobutylsilanediol (DIBSD) in a non-hydrolytic sol-gel process was investigated in terms of the reaction time and the catalyst amount for fabrication of inorganic-organic hybrid materials. The degree of condensation, which was characterized by ²⁹Si NMR, ¹H NMR and Abbe refractometry, increases with increased the reaction time and greater catalyst amount. However, a the large catalyst amount breaks the methacryl group during the condensation reaction. Thus, the reaction time and the catalyst amount were optimized to synthesize the condensed methacryl oligosiloxanes.     

乙炔氢氯化反应铜系催化剂的反应机理

以电石乙炔法制备氯乙烯的非汞催化反应体系为研究对象,用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了以Cu基催化剂为代表的非汞催化剂的反应机理.模拟了以石墨烯为载体的乙炔氢氯化反应在Cu基催化剂作用下的两条反应路径及其过渡态.将该反应机理应用到不同金属氯化物催化剂中,通过计算相应的活化自由能和反应速率常数讨论了不同金属氯化物的活性顺序,与实验结果相比较印证了反应机理的合理性.讨论了Cu基催化剂的失活原因以及在载体中掺杂氮原子或磷原子对反应活性的影响.为非贵金属无汞催化剂的研究提供了一定的理论指导.     

钯催化气相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯

通过催化剂反应性能和反应前后XPS谱图对比，分析了负载型钯催化剂在甲醇气相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯过程中的失活原因，研究了HCl在维持催化剂活性及失活催化剂再生中的作用．结果表明，氯离子的流失是负载型钯碳催化剂失活的主要原因．由于氯离子的流失，对于PdCl2／AC催化剂，钯很容易从二价变为零价：对于PdCl2-CuCl2／AC催化剂，CuCl2发生变化，失去使钯保持二价氯化物状态的功能．在反应过程中补充HCl可以延长催化剂的寿命，也可以利用HCl对失活催化剂进行再生，但采用HCl不能从根本上解决催化剂失活的问题．     

羊毛-Pd(0)催化剂的制备、表征及其在水相中对醇的催化氧化反应

以天然生物高分子羊毛为载体,成功制备了负载型Pd(0)催化剂.采用电场发射扫描电镜和光电子能谱等方法对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,Pd(0)颗粒均匀地分散在羊毛表面.将羊毛-Pd(0)催化剂用于醇氧化反应,考察了催化剂用量、碱类型和用量、反应温度及时间等因素对反应性能的影响.实验发现,在水相中,35mg羊毛-Pd(0)催化剂在0.2mmol的K2CO3存在下,可以高选择性地将0.2mmol的醇转化为相应的醛或酮,且该催化剂具有很好的重复使用性能.     

壳聚糖席夫碱钯催化碘代苯与丙烯酸乙酯反应

以水杨醛与壳聚糖反应制得的壳聚糖席夫碱配体再与PdCl2反应制得了壳聚糖席夫碱钯催化剂。研究了该催化剂对碘代苯(PhI)与丙烯酸乙酯(EA)偶联生成反式肉桂酸乙酯反应的催化性能。考察了原料比、缚酸剂种类及其用量、反应温度、溶剂、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对该反应的影响,确定了该催化反应的最佳反应条件。该催化剂经过滤分离、溶剂洗涤,循环使用4次仍有较高的催化活性。     

Copper@PMO nanocomposites as a novel reusable heterogeneous catalyst for microwave‐assisted green synthesis of β‐hydroxy‐1,2,3‐triazoles through experimental design protocol

A microwave‐assisted multicomponent reaction was used to prepare a series of β‐hydroxy‐1,2,3‐triazoles in the presence of copper@PMO nanocomposites as a catalyst. Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology were used to optimize the influencing parameters such as catalyst content, reaction time and microwave power, being an economical way of obtaining the optimal reaction conditions based on restricted number of experiments. Aqueous reaction medium, easy recovery of catalyst, efficient recycling and high stability of the catalyst render the protocol sustainable and economic. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.