New physics with beauty

We review the effects of new physics on CP asymmetries and decays of B mesons. Possible sources and corresponding signals for new physics are studied briefly. We discuss how the decay mode b → s ℓℓ (and B → K*ℓℓ) will enable us to understand the nature of new physics. We also examine the possibility of truly clean signature of new physics — a signature based on observables alone and without hadronic uncertainties.     

Search for new physics at a super-<Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis> factory

The importance of a super-B factory in the search for new physics, in particular, due to CP-odd phase(s) from physics beyond the standard model is surveyed. The first point to emphasize is that we now know how to directly measure all three angles of the unitarity triangle very cleanly, i.e. without theoretical assumptions with irreducible theory error ≲1%. However, this requires much more luminosity than is currently available atB-factories. Direct searches via penguin-dominated hadronic modes as well as radiative, pair-leptonic and semi-leptonic decays are also discussed. Null tests of the SM are stressed as these will play a crucial role especially if the effects of BSM phase(s) onB-physics are small.     

New physics effects from B meson decays

In this talk, we point out some of the present and future possible signatures of physics beyond the Standard Model from B-meson decays, taking R-parity conserving and violating supersymmetry as illustrative examples. An expanded version is available on hep-ph archive.     

Studies of radiative penguinB decays at BaBar

We summarize results on a number of observations of penguin dominated radiative decays of theB meson. Such decays are forbidden at tree level and proceed via electroweak loops. As such they may be sensitive to physics beyond the standard model. The observations have been made at the BaBar experiment at PEP-II, the asymmetricB factory at SLAC.     

Two-Photon Channel in <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis>−<Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis> Models

In this paper we examine the possibility of having an exception to the recent observation by L. Randall amd M. Wise, which states that “a significant branching ratios to both e ⁺ e ⁻ and γ γ is possible only if new physics beyond that in the SM couples directly to electrons”. We consider resonances decaying into diphotons and dielectrons final states predicted in U(1) _B−L extensions of the SM. We find that these new resonances can’t decay into e ⁺ e ⁻ and γ γ final states with comparably measurable branching ratios although such resonances are directly coupled to electrons.     

Charmless nonleptonic <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis> decays into scalar and pseudoscalar mesons

The charmless nonleptonic decay modes B → f ₀ K(π) involving a scalar and a pseudoscalar meson in the final state are studied. The scalar meson f ₀ is considered as a q̄q state, as favored by some recent studies. Using the generalized factorization approach, the branching ratios and CP violation parameters are computed for these modes. The form factors are calculated using the results from relativistic light front quark model and the ISGW2 model. It is found that the direct CP violation parameters in these modes are small. However, the obtained branching ratios are not in agreement with the experimental data. Therefore, these modes may be considered as possible probes for new physics.      

SU(2)×SU(2) Electroweak Theory I: The B3 Field on the Physical Vacuum

Nonlinear optics confronts the U(1) theory of electrodynamics with the dilemma of the existence of nonlinear fields. The U(1) group is completely linear and Abelian and causes consideration of an SU(2) theory of electrodynamics. An SU(2) theory of electrodynamics, with a B ³ magnetic field, means that physics is forced to consider an SU(2) × SU(2) electroweak theory. It is then demonstrated that the B ³ field exists on the physical vacuum defined by the Higgs symmetry breaking of this extended electroweak theory.     

New physics hints in B decays and collider outlook

There are currently two hints for new physics involving CP violation in b → s transitions: ΔS ≡ S _f − S _J ^ϕK ≠ 0, and difference in direct CP asymmetry ΔA _Kπ ≡ A _K+π ⁰ − A _K+π ⁻ ≠ 0. We explore the two scenarios with a large and unique new CP phase in b ↔ s transitions. Motivated by ΔS ≠ 0, we update on the right-handed strange-beauty squark sb _1R at TeV scale. Motivated by ΔA _Kπ ≠ 0, we explore sequential fourth generation t′ and b′ quarks. Both scenarios can survive constraints such as SM level b → sγ, sll and B _s mixing, and predict sizable CP violation in B _s mixing. The fourth generation picture predicts sizable K _L → π ⁰ vv. Direct search for sb _R, b′ and t′ at hadronic colliders, such as Tevatron Run II and LHC, can complement further CP violation studies at these machines, as well as at the future Super B factory.     

Resolved photon processes

We review high-energy scattering processes that are sensitive to the hadronic structure of the photon, describing theoretical predictions as well as recent experimental results. These processes include deep-inelastic electron-photon scattering ate ⁺ e ⁻ colliders; and the production of jets, heavy quarks and isolated photons in the collision of real photons ate ⁺ e ⁻ colliders, as well as in photon-photon collisions atep colliders. We also comment on minijet based calculations of totalγp andγγ cross-sections, and discuss the possibility that future lineare ⁺ e ⁻ colliders might produce very large photon fluxes due to the beamstrahlung phenomenon; in the most extreme cases, we predict more than one hadronicγγ event to occur at every bunch crossing.     

密度泛函理论研究BnNi(n=6—12)团簇的结构和磁性

基于第一性原理,用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似(generalized gradient approximation,GGA)方法,在充分考虑自旋多重度的前提下,优化并得到了B_n(n=6—12)和B_nNi(n=6—12)团簇的平衡构型,按照能量最低原理确定其基态结构. B_n团簇的计算结果与已有的理论结果相一致. 当Ni原子掺杂在B_n团簇 关键词： nNi团簇')" href="#">B_nNi团簇 基态结构 磁性     

Photon mass and the fieldB (3)

The connection between finite photon mass and the fieldB ⁽³⁾ is developed with reference to special relativity in the vacuum. The existence of the physical and longitudinal fieldB ⁽³⁾ implies that there are three degrees of polarization associated with the photon, which cannot therefore be a massless boson. The fieldB ⁽³⁾ can be observed experimentally through the magnetization of a plasma with microwave pulses, and this experiment serves to demonstrate unequivocally the existence of photon mass.     

Working group report: Flavor physics and model building

This is the report of flavor physics and model building working group at WHEPP-9. While activites in flavor physics have been mainly focused on B-physics, those in model building have been primarily devoted to neutrino physics. We present summary of working group discussions carried out during the workshop in the above fields, and also briefly review the progress made in some projects subsequently.     

On the observability of the fieldB (3): Relativistic effects in magneto-optics

It is shown that the novel vacuum fieldB ⁽³⁾ is an experimental observable, and several methods of observation are suggested: these include the pulsed microwave magnetization of a plasma, the optical Aharonov-Bohm effect, and the microwave frequency optical Faraday effect. The effect ofB ⁽³⁾ is presented in the form of relativistically corrected semi-classical theory.     

Study of ion–solvent interactions and activation energy of LiBr in DMSO,H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O and DMSO–H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O mixtures at various temperatures

The Jones–Dole B coefficients of the electrolyte Lithium bromide (LiBr), reference salts tetra butyl ammonium tetra phenyl borate (BU₄NBPh₄), tetra butyl ammonium bromide (BU₄NBr), and potassium chloride (KCl) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), water, and DMSO–water mixtures were obtained at different temperatures range from 25 to 45 °C For this, the relative viscosities were measured for Lithium bromide (LiBr) and reference salts in DMSO, water, and DMSO–water mixtures at above-mentioned temperatures. The B coefficients of these electrolytes were behaved as structure makers in DMSO, while in H₂O and DMSO–H₂O mixtures, the B-coefficient values were less positive showing the weak structure-making effect. Ionic viscosity B coefficients allow us to assess the behavior of ions in the solvent mixtures. In this study it was observed that all the values of ionic B coefficient of (Li⁺) were positive and small showing the weak structure-making effects. It was also observed that Br⁻ ions maintain negative B coefficient values in all DMSO–H₂O mixtures, except in 60% DMSO mole fraction. From this it can be concluded that Br⁻ ion behaved as a structure breaker in water and in all DMSO–H₂O mixtures except in 60% DMSO mole fraction mixtures. The low B _± values of alkali metal ions and Br⁻ ions in water are due to the breakdown of the tetrahedral structural of water and the formation of strongly structured solvated ion. It is also observed that the values of the energy of activation of the flow for LiBr are greater in DMSO–water mixtures and in pure water than in DMSO. This may be due the presence of a network of hydrogen bonds which cause the hindrance in the flow of the solution of LiBr in DMSO–water mixtures and in pure water than in DMSO.     

B c meson properties and its leptonic radiative decays

The properties of the meson B _c are outlined. The leptonic radiative decays for B _c meson are presented. An outlook on the studies of the meson is given.     

Magnetization of an electron plasma by microwave pulses: Faraday induction

It has been argued theoretically that the recently proposed vacuum fieldB ⁽³⁾ is not accompanied by a real electric fieldE ⁽³⁾ . Experimental evidence for this interence is available in the data reported by Deschampset al. [10], using microwave magnetization of an electron plasma set up in helium gas. Faraday induction due toB ⁽³⁾ does not occur in the inert gas and is not observed experimentally in the absence of free electrons. WheneverB ⁽³⁾ interacts with free electrons, however, Faraday induction occurs through a pulse of induced magnetization (i.e., induced orbital electronic angular momentum).     

Puzzles in B physics

I discuss some puzzles observed in exclusive B-meson decays, concentrating on the large difference between the direct CP asymmetries in the B ⁰ → π⁻ K ⁼ and B ^± → π⁰ K ^± modes, the large B ⁰ → π⁰π⁰ branching ratio, and the large deviation of the mixing-induced CP asymmetries in the b → sqq penguins from those in the b → ccs trees.     

Phenomenological applications of<Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis><Subscript>T</Subscript>factorization

We discuss applications of the perturbative QCD approach in the exclusive non-leptonic two-bodyB-meson decays. We briefly review its ingredients and some important theoretical issues on the factorization approach. PQCD results are compatible with present experimental data for charmless B-meson decays. We predict the possibility of large direct CP asymmetry in B⁰ → π⁺π⁻ (23 +7%) and B⁰ →K ⁺π⁻ (− 17 ± 5%). We also investigate the branching ratios, CP asymmetry and isospin symmetry breaking in radiativeB →(K*/ρ)γ decays.