基于LS-SVM的稀土萃取组分含量软测量

为了解决稀土萃取分离过程元素组分含量在线检测的难题, 提出了稀土萃取过程组分含量的一种最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)软测量方法. 利用量子粒子群算法来优化LS-SVM的参数及核函数参数. 仿真结果表明, 所提出的软测量方法是有效的, 比已有的神经网络软测量方法能更好的实现稀土萃取过程中元素组分含量的在线估计.     

稀土萃取分离过程自动控制研究现状及发展趋势

在简要描述稀土萃取分离生产过程的基础上,综述了目前国内外稀土萃取分离过程中稀土元素成分在线检测的方法、装置及其应用现状;稀土串级萃取分离生产过程的计算机流程模拟以及稀土萃取生产过程的自动控制方法、技术及其应用现状.指出了稀土元素组分含量的软测量方法,以综合生产指标为目标的稀土萃取分离生产过程优化控制方法以及由生产过程管理系统和过程控制系统两层结构组成的稀土萃取分离生产过程综合自动化系统已成为稀土萃取分离生产过程自动化未来发展的方向.     

稀土萃取分离中混合澄清槽的仿真模拟系统

稀土是现代工业中至关重要的战略性资源,稀土分离是稀土资源综合高效利用的重要基础。大量的稀土萃取分离实践经验表明,混合澄清槽的体积平衡和流量平衡问题对萃取分离生产线的控制至关重要,是构建稀土萃取分离智能控制系统的关键环节。随着生产线运行状态的调整变化,混合澄清槽中的两相体积和流量也在不断变化,并且这种变化具有显著的非线性和滞后性特征,槽体的体积平衡和流量平衡控制会直接影响萃取分离生产线输出的稀土产品质量。通过综合应用压强平衡、堰流模型、萃取平衡、非均相混合过程等多种理论模型,能够以数值计算的方法来模拟混合澄清槽的实际运行方式,并建立混合澄清槽的仿真模拟系统,为实际生产控制和智能化改造提供数据支持。     

稀土萃取分离过程软测量方法的研究

分析了稀土组分含量在线检测技术进展缓慢的原因,分析了稀土萃取分离过程机制,找出影响稀土组分含量检测的主要因素,确定辅助变量。利用从包钢稀土厂采集的数据通过newrb函数创建径向基网络来实现稀土组分含量的软测量。文中通过流程图详细阐述了建模方法,采用50组样本数据对所建立的模型进行计算机仿真验证,仿真结果证明了模型的可行性。     

多组分多出口稀土串级萃取静态优化设计研究(I)静态设计算法

研究了多组分、多出口稀土串级萃取体系静态优化设计过程的精确计算方法. 首先推导出串级萃取体系最重要的物料平衡和萃取平衡关系, 其次根据分离要求等条件确定了各出口的相对流量, 利用萃取平衡和物料平衡关系进行静态递推, 并在求解过程中根据物料平衡关系引入了校正参数, 通过对递推结果的迭代校正, 最终得到收敛的计算结果, 解决了静态设计算法的关键问题. 这一方法为多组分多出口稀土串级萃取过程的静态优化设计提供了精确算法.     

含不同价态的多组份体系萃取平衡算法研究

基于萃取平衡计算的计算机模拟是研究稀土分离工艺的重要手段,在实践中获得了成功应用。在实际稀土萃取分离过程中,除三价稀土离子外还存在着不同价态的其他离子,如Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Eu2+,Fe3+,Al3+,Ce4+,Th4+等。研究不同价态离子共存条件下的萃取平衡计算方法,对于研究实际萃取分离体系中非稀土元素及变价稀土元素的行为具有重要意义。本文从酸性萃取剂体系中n价阳离子的萃取平衡关系出发,推导出萃取平衡计算的多元方程组,并将其简化为一元方程后给出了抛物线逼近的数值求解方法。通过对数据实例的计算表明,算法收敛快速稳定,适用于含不同价态多组份体系的萃取平衡计算。     

风化壳淋积型稀土矿浸取过程的模拟计算研究Ⅰ：液-固萃取模型

风化壳淋积型稀土矿物中稀土元素主要富集在以高岭土为主的粘土矿物中,目前主要通过原地浸矿工艺开采。开采过程中,浸矿液自矿体顶部注液孔流至矿体底部或集液巷道的过程中,不断交换浸出粘土中的稀土离子,其过程可视作液-固萃取,因此可通过其中的萃取平衡和物料平衡关系进行模拟计算。介绍了一种基于液-固萃取模型的风化壳淋积型稀土矿柱浸过程模拟计算方法,并探讨了离子交换反应系数、浸矿剂浓度、原矿品位等因素对于浸矿效果的影响。计算表明：铵根离子具有较强的交换浸出稀土的能力;浸出液所能达到的理论浓度峰值主要决定于浸取液中初始硫铵浓度;浸矿所需顶水理论注入量可依据矿体饱和含水率估算,并进而通过模拟计算的浸矿液/顶水比计算所需浸矿液注入量;浸矿液硫铵浓度越高,原矿稀土品位越低,则稀土离子穿透曲线浓度峰值持续时间就越长,之后浓度下降速度也越快,同时浸矿液/顶水比以及硫铵投入/稀土产出比也越小,说明浸矿剂利用效率越高。     

萃取分离稀土元素及计算机模拟计算的研究

用最小二乘法回归单级萃取平衡数据,建立了一种形式简单通用的两相分配平衡模型;通过对萃取机理的分析,归纳出各级水相酸度、自由萃取剂浓度与相应级的两相稀土总浓度的关系,据此提出了一个改进的串级模型,与文献所采用的模型相比,减少了2N个变量和方程;编写了矩阵解法的FORTRAN计算程序,对若干个分馏萃取体系进行了模拟计算,所得结果与实验值吻合很好,改变工艺参数的计算结果也与实际萃取变化规律一致,说明了所用的模型及程序都是合理可行的,适用于不同萃取剂的阳离子交换萃取体系,为达到计算机辅助萃取分离稀土元素的实验及工艺设计这个目的打下了基础。     

仲辛基苯氧基乙酸从烯土中萃取分离钪及其机理

首次研究了一处新型萃取剂仲辛基苯氧基乙酸(CA-12)萃取钪的性能及其机理,通过研究平衡水相酸度,萃取剂浓度和浊度对萃取平衡的影响,用斜率法和等摩尔系法确定了CA-12萃取钪的机理,并求得CA-12萃取钪的热力学函数,计算了平衡反应的浓度平衡数学及钪同其它稀土离子的分离系数,指出CA-12是一种从稀土(III)中分离钪的优良萃取剂.     

仲辛基苯氧基乙酸从稀土中萃取分离钪及其机理

首次研究了一种新型萃取剂仲辛基苯氧基乙酸 (CA 12 )萃取钪的性能及其机理。通过研究平衡水相酸度、萃取剂浓度和温度对萃取平衡的影响 ,用斜率法和等摩尔系列法确定了CA 12萃取钪的机理 ,并求得了CA 12萃取钪的热力学函数 ,计算了平衡反应的浓度平衡常数及钪同其它稀土离子的分离系数 ,指出CA 12是一种从稀土 中分离钪的优良萃取剂     

A tag based joint extraction model for Chinese medical text

Information extraction in medical field is an important method to structure medical knowledge and discover new knowledge. Traditional methods handle this task in a pipelined manner regarding the entity recognition and relation extraction as two sub-tasks, which, however, neglects the relevance between the two of them. In recent years, the research on the joint extraction model has achieved encouraging results in the general field, yet scholarship focusing on the joint extraction model applied to medical field is insufficient. In this paper, we construct a joint extraction model based on tagging scheme for Chinese medical texts. Firstly, we design a series of pretreatment procedures for Chinese medical data to obtain effective Chinese word sequence. Then, we propose the BIOH12D1D2 tagging scheme to convert the joint extraction task into a tagging problem and to solve the overlapping entity problem. After that, we use the encoder-decoder model to obtain the tag prediction sequence. And in decoding layer, the Bert pre-training model is adopted to extract token features to enhance the feature representation ability of our model. Lastly, the joint extraction model gains a F1 value by 0.7 on CHIP-2020, which increases by 0.364 compared with the baseline.     

Central Composite Design for Optimized Extraction of Polysaccharides from Undaria pinnatifida

Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from Undaria pinnatifida. The effects of three independent variables, extraction time, extraction temperature and ratio of water to raw material were investigated by a central composite design. The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation via multiple regression analysis and also examined with the appropriate statistical methods. The adjusted coefficient of determination(R_ADj²) for the model was 0.9171. An optimum extraction yield of 30.78% was obtained when the extraction temperature was 95℃, extraction time was 4.5 h, and the ratio of water to raw material was 35(mL/g). Under these conditions, validation experiments were done and the mean extraction yield of polysaccharides was 30.79%, which was in good agreement with the predicted model value.     

Extraction of azo dyes by polyurethane foam

The extraction of 12 closely related mono-azo dyes by polyester and polyether-type polyurethane foams was studied to gain more information regarding the mechanism of the extraction of organic compounds. The effects on extraction of solution pH, dye concentration and salt concentration were investigated. It was found that the extraction of the dyes involved a neutral zwitterionic species and is highly dependent on the parameters studied. The dependency of the extraction on these parameters can be explained in a manner consistent with solvent extraction; however, the dual-mode sorption mechanism seems a more likely model. This mechanism involves both absorption related to solvent extraction, and an added component for surface adsorption. While the dual-mode sorption model explains the observed extraction behaviour, the data suggest that surface adsorption plays a much larger role than previously considered.     

Enantioselective extraction of hydrophilic 2-chloromandelic acid enantiomers by hydroxypropyl-��-cyclodextrin: experiments and modeling

Enantioselective extraction of hydrophilic 2-chloromandelic acid (CMA) enantiomers from organic to aqueous phase with hydroxypropyl-??-cyclodextrin (HP-??-CD) as the selector was investigated. Equilibrium of the extraction system was modeled using a reactive extraction model with a homogeneous aqueous phase reaction. The influence of important process variables on the extraction efficiency, such as the type of the organic solvent and ??-cyclodextrin derivatives (??-CDs), concentration of the selector, pH and temperature, was investigated by experiment and modeling. Important parameters of this model were determined experimentally. Results showed that the experimental data agree with the model prediction perfectly and the model was further applied to accurately predict the extraction efficiency influenced simultaneously by pH and the concentration of HP-??-CD. Combining the experiment and the model data, the best extraction conditions were: pH of 2.5, HP-??-CD concentration of 0.05 mol L^?1, and temperature of 5°C, providing the enantioselectivity of 1.285 and the performance factor (pf) of 0.011.     

氯化咪唑基离子液体对柴油中含氮化合物选择性脱除作用研究

通过N-甲基咪唑和烷基氯的季铵化反应合成出了咪唑环N上烷基取代基碳链长度或者饱和度不同的4种离子液体：氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑(BMImCl)、氯化1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑(AlMImCl)、氯化1-苯甲基-3-甲基咪唑(BzMImCl)和氯化-1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑(OcMImCl)。以含咔唑(CAR)和二苯并噻吩(DBT)的甲苯-正十二烷烃溶液作为模拟柴油,测定CAR和DBT在这些离子液体中的相对分配系数,考察了离子液体对氮和硫化物的萃取脱除选择性。结果表明,在这些离子液体中CAR比DBT有更高的分配系数;4种离子液体比较,BMImCl和AlMImCl对CAR的分配系数分别达46和14,对氮和硫化合物的萃取脱除选择性S_N/S分别达到125和38。测定了离子液体在模拟柴油的溶解度,发现这4种离子液体在甲苯和正十二烷烃模拟柴油中的溶解度有显著的差别,其中BMImCl和AlMImCl的溶解度相当且都很小。综合结果显示BMImCl具有最佳性能。实验还比较了BMImCl对不同碱性氮杂环化合物的萃取效果,发现其对含硫化合物和碱性含氮化合物的萃取效率随着模拟柴油中甲苯的质量分数的增加而降低,而对中性含氮化合物表现出高萃取效率,且几乎不受甲苯质量分数的影响。对一种含有361 mg·kg^-1 N和3 598 mg·kg^-1 S的工业柴油,BMImCl对其对中性含氮化合物的萃取效率达到38%,而对相对含量高约十倍的含硫化合物的萃取率仅约有1.7%。综合上述结果表明,氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑盐离子液体对柴油中的中性含氮化合物具有高选择性脱除作用。     

Development and application of SBA‐15 assisted electromembrane extraction followed by corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry for the determination of Thiabendazole in fruit juice samples

A new sample preparation method based on SBA‐15 assisted electromembrane extraction coupled with corona discharge ion mobility spectrometer was developed for the determination of Thiabendazole as a model basic pesticide in fruit juice samples. The addition of SBA‐15 in the supported liquid membrane in electromembrane extraction system not only can lead to enhancement of the effective surface area, but also introducing the negatively charged silanol groups into supported liquid membrane might improve migration of positively charged analytes toward the supported liquid membrane and finally into the acceptor solution. To investigate the effect of the presence of SBA‐15 in the supported liquid membrane on the extraction efficiency, a comparative study was carried out between the conventional electromembrane extraction and SBA‐15/electromembrane extraction methods. Under the optimized conditions, SBA‐15/electromembrane extraction method showed higher extraction efficiencies in comparison with conventional electromembrane extraction method. SBA‐15/electromembrane extraction method exhibited a low limit of detection (0.9 ng/mL), high preconcentration factor (167) and high recovery (83%). Finally, the applicability of SBA‐15/electromembrane extraction method was studied by the extraction and determination of Thiabendazole as a model basic pesticide in fruit juice samples.     

The complex formation-partition and partition-association models of solvent extraction of ions

Two models of the extraction process have been proposed. In the first model it is assumed that the partitioning neutral species is at first formed in the aqueous phase and then transferred into the organic phase. The second model is based on the assumption that equivalent amounts of cations and anions are at first transferred from the aqueous into the organic phase and then associated to form a neutral molecule. The role of the solubility parameter in extraction and the relation between the solubility of liquid organic substances in water and the partition of complexes have been discussed. The extraction of simple complexes and complexes with organic ligands has been discussed using the first model. Partition coefficients have been calculated theoretically and compared with experimental values in some very simple cases. The extraction of ion pairs has been discussed using the partition-association model and the concept of single-ion partition coefficients.     

Mathematical modeling of silver extraction by an emulsion liquid membrane process

A general physical model of a typical batch extraction system employing an emulsion liquid membrane process for the extraction of silver has been developed. The model takes into account the extraction reaction between the silver ion and the carrier molecules at the external interface, the diffusion of the complex in the membrane phase, the stripping reaction at the internal interface and the reaction of silver ion with the reagent, HCL, in the internal phase to yield silver chloride incapable of permeating through the membrane phase. In addition, the leakage of the internal aqueous phase to the external aqueous phase due to membrane breakage has been incorporated in this model. The batch extraction of silver using D2EHPA as a carrier has been carried out under various experimental conditions. The experimental data can be well explained by the present model.     

微波辅助萃取多物理场耦合模型的构建及验证

以姜科类植物草豆蔻中山姜素为模拟对象, 基于微波辅助萃取(MAE)过程中微波场、 温度场及浓度场等物理场之间的耦合关系, 利用Comsol软件构建了MAE多物理场耦合模型. 模拟了不同萃取时间、 微波功率下萃取体系的电磁场分布、 温度分布以及山姜素扩散分布; 通过比较萃取液温度和山姜素浓度的模拟值与实验值, 结合误差分析对模型进行了验证, 以同类植物砂仁中的异槲皮苷为萃取目标验证了模型的适用性. 结果表明, 微波功率越大, 电磁场强度越强, 萃取液温度越高, 山姜素扩散越明显, 越有利于萃取; MAE萃取山姜素和异槲皮苷的萃取液温度模拟值与实验值之间的相对均方根误差(RRMSE)分别在1.9%~4.5%和1.9%~2.8%之间, 其浓度RRMSE分别在1.7%~3.2%及1.6%~4.1%之间, 均小于5.0%, 表明建立的模型准确、 可靠, 且适用性良好. 该模型综合考虑了MAE过程中的多个物理场及其耦合关系, 可为深入研究其萃取机理提供参考.     

Study of the extraction process and in vivo inhibitory effect of ganoderma triterpenes in oral mucosa cancer

The aim of the reported study was to optimize the extraction process for ganoderma triterpenes and to investigate the in vivo inhibitory effect of ganoderma triterpenes on the genesis and progression of oral cancer. Single-factor and orthogonal methods were used to investigate the effects of extraction solvent, solvent amount, extraction time, extraction temperature, and number of extractions, on the extraction rate for ganoderma triterpenes. A golden hamster model with cheek pouch dynamic canceration was established to receive oral treatment of ganoderma triterpenes water solution. Animals were continuously monitored, oral tissue samples were collected for histopathologic examination, and changes in the expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and Caspase-3 were detected by immunohistochemical methods. Optimization of the experimental conditions allowed the identification of the optimal extraction conditions: 90% ethanol as the extraction solvent, a solvent amount by the liquid-material ratio of 35 mL/g, extraction time of 2 h and extraction temperature of 80 °C. Under these conditions, the average extraction rate of ganoderma triterpenes was 1.09%. Tests in golden hamsters showed that compared with the model group during the same period, animals in the treatment group had better conditions, constantly larger number of normal cases shown by histopathologic results (P < 0.01), and consistently smaller numbers of cases with paraplasm (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that compared with the model group, the treatment group had significantly lower (P < 0.05) rates of positive VEGF expression in the normal state, simple epithelial hyperplasia, epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma disease stages. Caspase-3 expression showed a tendency toward a gradual increase with the worsening of disease severity in each group. Compared with the model group, the treatment group had significantly lower (P < 0.05) rates of positive Caspase-3 in the normal state, simple epithelial hyperplasia, epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma disease grades. Using the optimized extraction process, ganoderma triterpenes could be extracted with high efficiency, and the results of animal tests showed inhibitory effects of ganoderma triterpenes on oral mucosa cancer.