二价HIV-1融合抑制剂的设计、合成与活性评价

针对人免疫缺陷病毒跨膜糖蛋白(HIV-1 gp41)N末端重复序列靶标设计二价融合抑制剂, 以C肽为模板, 通过共价交联形成类似发夹结构的相互平行的2条肽链, 研究了二价C肽分子不同连接位点与不同连接臂对抗HIV融合活性的影响. 细胞-细胞融合活性测试表明, 与单价分子相比, 所设计的基于N末端交联的C34或T20的二价分子在前体共价交联后, 活性明显提升. 基于C34或T20的N末端与C末端均存在发生协同效应的可能性, 在C34的N末端设计中β-丙氨酸为最适连接臂, 而在C末端的设计中C34C的融合活性提高最大. 单价分子CβAC34经过氧化形成二硫键连接的二价分子BiCβAC34, 融合活性从43.7 nmol/L提高到6.4 nmol/L, 表明二价抑制剂中2条C肽链间具有良好的协同效应. 本文结果表明, 针对gp41靶标设计的二价融合抑制剂能够相互协同.     

带有EGF受体干扰序列的γ干扰素新分子抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性的提高

利用基因工程技术,将天然IFN-γ分子的N端132个氨基酸与带有上皮生长因子(EGF)样多肽C端保守序列融合,构建了干扰素重组体IFN-γ132PGIX_(16).其中X_(16)由EGF样多肽C端16个氨基酸组成,PGI为连接肽序列。将此重组体基因插入表达载体pBV220P_RP_L串连启动子下游,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,在cIts857基因的调节下,通过升温诱导表达.表达产物与其母体天然IFN-γ相比,不仅保持了较高的抗病毒活性,抗病毒滴度达530MU/L菌液,而且明显地提高了抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性.在EGF存在的条件下,干扰素重组体的抗鼻咽癌细胞CNE-2增殖活性明显高于其母体分子(p<0.01).提示重组体分子IFN-γ132PGIX_(16)同时具有EGF受体干扰活性.     

Exendin-4类似物的生物活性及结构

针对Exendin-4的N端螺旋中第10~18位氨基酸序列LSKQMEEEA设计了Ex1, Ex2序列, 并进行活性、稳定性及其结构方面的研究, 为进一步设计具有Exendin-4活性的短肽抗酶解序列提供了理论依据, 进而为开发可供口服的类肽糖尿病药物奠定了结构理论基础.     

绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂片段及其类似物的合成

绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂的Lys活性碎片由两条分别含有26及9个氯基酸残基的多肽链通过两对分子间二硫键连接而成。用DTT还原能拆分两链,其中长链含6个半胱氨酸,在空气中氧化后能恢复25％原Lys碎片活力。本文报道了此长链的化学合成和二硫键重组。合成产物的氯基酸组成与文献报道的一致。但活性明显低于天然产物。为此对绿豆抑制剂的部分序列重新进行测定,结果表明原P_2′位的Lys应为Ile按新测定序列,从长链26肽的N端和C端各去掉两个残基合成一个22肽,此22肽的活性与天然的26肽相当。此外还合成了此22肽的类似物,其活性中心的Lys残基由Ala取代,产物对胰蛋白酶和弹性蛋白酶都无抑制活力。     

异肽键稳定的MERS-CoV融合蛋白S2亚基N端重复序列三股α螺旋的构建

通过在天然N肽的氨基端引入可以诱导螺旋三聚体形成的人工多肽序列,并通过酰基转移反应在上述嵌合肽所形成的三股α螺旋间引入异肽键,构建了中东呼吸综合征病毒(MERS-Co V)的N-trimer模型,为MERS-Co V融合抑制剂的设计奠定了基础.     

异肽键稳定的MERS-CoV融合蛋白S2亚基N端重复序列三股琢螺旋的构建

通过在天然N肽的氨基端引入可以诱导螺旋三聚体形成的人工多肽序列,并通过酰基转移反应在上述嵌合肽所形成的三股α螺旋间引入异肽键,构建了中东呼吸综合征病毒( MERS-CoV)的N-trimer模型,为MERS-CoV融合抑制剂的设计奠定了基础。     

一种含两对密集二硫键的模拟肽

利用α-芋螺毒素的骨架(CC—C—C)及天然堂皇芋螺毒素的氨基酸组成,设计了一个由11个氨基酸组成的线性短肽NTLCCEGCMCY-COOH.该肽在缓冲溶液中氧化折叠后二硫键只形成一种连接方式[C(1)—C(4),C(2)—C(3)],区别于大部分的α-芋螺毒素的二硫键连接方式[C(1)—C(3),C(2)—C(4)],且该肽具有镇痛活性.这是目前合成的二硫键最密集的α-芋螺毒素样模拟肽,可作为药物分子设计的模板.     

多肽酰肼连接法合成C端香豆素修饰的泛素

C端用香豆素修饰的泛素分子（Ub-AMC）是研究蛋白质泛素化过程的重要探针.该探针分子的制备目前主要依靠生物表达结合化学修饰的方法,合成效率较低.本文使用多肽酰肼连接反应,发展出化学全合成Ub-AMC分子的新路线.该方法通过N到C顺序两次连接实现了目标分子的组装,再通过自由基脱硫反应得到天然结构的Ub-AMC分子,有望实现较大量的合成.通过酶学活性实验,证实了通过新方法合成的Ub-AMC具有预期的生物活性.     

去B链羧端七肽胰岛素晶体结构的测定

去B链羧端七肽胰岛素(DHPI)晶体中不对称单位合二个分子,空间群P2_12_12_1。运用Patterson搜索技术确定了二个分子在晶胞中的取向,联合运用平移函数和R因子搜索测定了两个分子各自在晶胞中的位置。运用生物大分子刚体最小二乘修正技术和能量极小化最小二乘制约修正精化分子的取向和位置后,在6分辨率晶体学R因子下降到0.384。初始Fourier图显示,与天然胰岛素分子相较,DHPI分子的B链N端(B1—B8)和C端(B20—B23)肽段的构象有剧列变化,但A,B链的三段螺旋及其相对配置大体保持。     

异肽键交联的N肽类HIV-1融合抑制剂的设计、合成及活性评价

报道了一种通过在HIV-1 gp41 NHR区域的多肽(N肽)之间引入异肽键稳定N3螺旋的新方法;以天然N肽序列N38为模板,采用此方法设计合成了一系列异肽键交联的N38三股α螺旋结构.该结构具有极强的热稳定性和纳摩尔水平抑制HIV-1包膜糖蛋白(Env)介导的细胞融合活性.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.