CONSTRUCTION OF SOLUTIONS TO M-D RIEMANN PROBLEMS FOR A2×2 QUASILINEAR HYPERBOLIC SYSTEM

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Bifurcation problems in nonlinear parametric programming

The nonlinear parametric programming problem is reformulated as a closed system of nonlinear equations so that numerical continuation and bifurcation techniques can be used to investigate the dependence of the optimal solution on the system parameters. This system, which is motivated by the Fritz John first-order necessary conditions, contains all Fritz John and all Karush-Kuhn-Tucker points as well as local minima and maxima, saddle points, feasible and nonfeasible critical points. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a singularity to occur in this system are characterized in terms of the loss of a complementarity condition, the linear dependence of the gradients of the active constraints, and the singularity of the Hessian of the Lagrangian on a tangent space. Any singularity can be placed in one of seven distinct classes depending upon which subset of these three conditions hold true at a solution. For problems with one parameter, we analyze simple and multiple bifurcation of critical points from a singularity arising from the loss of the complementarity condition, and then develop a set of conditions which guarantees the unique persistence of a minimum through this singularity. The research of this author was supported by National Science Foundation through NSF Grant DMS-85-10201 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through instrument number AFOSR-ISSA-85-00079.     

Tronquée solutions of the painlevé II equation

We study special solutions of the Painlevé II (PII) equation called tronquée solutions, i.e., those having no poles along one or more critical rays in the complex plane. They are parameterized by special monodromy data of the Lax pair equations. The manifold of the monodromy data for a general solution is a twodimensional complex manifold with one- and zero-dimensional singularities, which arise because there is no global parameterization of the manifold. We show that these and only these singularities (together with zeros of the parameterization) are related to the tronquée solutions of the PII equation. As an illustration, we consider the known Hastings-McLeod and Ablowitz-Segur solutions and some other solutions to show that they belong to the class of tronquée solutions and correspond to one or another type of singularity of the monodromy data.     

Symmetry and singularity properties of the generalised Kummer-Schwarz and related equations

We examine the generalised Kummer-Schwarz equation and some of its generalisations from the viewpoints of symmetry and singularity analyses. We determine the Complete Symmetry Group of the general equation and show that different forms of the fourth-order representative illustrate the three possible classes of Laurent series to be expected in the course of the singularity analysis.     

Cobordism of algebraic knots

Summary The isolated singularities of complex hypersurfaces are studied by considering the topology of the highly connected submanifolds of spheres determined by the singularity. By introducing the notion of the link of a perturbation of the singularity and using techniques of surgery theory, we are able to describe which invariants associated to a singularity can be used to determine the cobordism type of the singularity.It is shown that the cobordism type is determined by the set of weakly distinguished bases. This result is used to draw a distinction between the classical case of two variables and the higher dimensional problem. That is, we show that the result of Le which states that the cobordism and topological classifications of singularities coincide in the classical dimension does not hold for singularities of functions of more than three variables. Examples of topologically distinct but cobordant singularities are obtained using results of Ebeling.     

Classification of (D_4, S~1-equivariant bifurcation problems up to topological codimension 2

The techniques from singularity theory are applied to the multiparameter bifurcation problem. The classification of (D4, S1)-equivariant bifurcation problems with topological codimension less than or equal to 2 is given. The corresponding recognition conditions are set up.     

The asymptotics of misspecified MLEs for some stochastic processes: a survey

This is a review of some recent results on parameter estimation by the continuous time observations for two models of observations. The first one is the so called signal in white Gaussian noise and the second is inhomogeneous Poisson process. The main question in all statements is: what are the properties of the MLE if there is a misspecification in the regularity conditions? We consider three types of regularity: smooth signals, signals with cusp-type singularity and discontinuous signals. We suppose that the statistician assumes one type of regularity/singularity, but the real observations contain signals with different type of singularity/regularity. For example, the theoretical (assumed) model has a discontinuous signal, but the real observed signal has cusp-type singularity. We describe the asymptotic behavior of the MLE in such situations.     

具有单边约束的基本分岔问题的新分岔模式

含约束分岔是非线性动力系统周期解分岔研究中遇到的普遍问题,然而现有的奇异性理论关于此类问题的结果还很少。作为探讨和补充,给出余维数不大于3的10种基本分岔在约束情况下的转迁集和摄动保持分岔图的计算结果。可为约束分岔问题的研究提供直接利用的结果。     

Examples of almost Einstein structures on products and in cohomogeneity one

Almost Einstein manifolds are conformally Einstein up to a scale singularity, in general. This notion comes from conformal tractor calculus. In the current paper we discuss almost Einstein structures on closed Riemannian product manifolds and on 4-manifolds of cohomogeneity one. Explicit solutions are found by solving ordinary differential equations. In particular, we construct three families of closed 4-manifolds with almost Einstein structure corresponding to the boundary data of certain unimodular Lie groups. Two of these families are Bach-flat, but neither (globally) conformally Einstein nor half conformally flat. On products with a 2-sphere we find an exotic family of almost Einstein structures with hypersurface singularity as well.     

Formal analysis of the Cauchy problem for a system associated with the (2+1)-dimensional Krichever-Novikov equation

The singularity manifold equation of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, the so-called Krichever-Novikov equation, has an exact linearization to an overdetermined system of partial differential equations in three independent variables. We study in detail the Cauchy problem for this system as an example for the use of the formal theory of differential equations. A general existence and uniqueness theorem is established. Formal theory is then contrasted with Janet-Riquier theory in the formulation of Reid. Finally, the implications of the results for the Krichever-Novikov equation are outlined.     

Singularity Categories of some 2-CY-tilted Algebras

We define a class of finite-dimensional Jacobian algebras, which are called (simple) polygon-tree algebras, as a generalization of cluster-tilted algebras of type \(\mathbb {D}\). They are 2-CY-tilted algebras. Using a suitable process of mutations of quivers with potential (which are also BB-mutations) inducing derived equivalences, and one-pointed (co)extensions which preserve singularity equivalences, we find a connected selfinjective Nakayama algebra whose stable category is equivalent to the singularity category of a simple polygon-tree algebra. Furthermore, we also give a classification of algebras of this kind up to representation type.     

Simple bifurcation of coupled advertising oscillators with delay

In this work, the singular bifurcation of a ring of three coupled advertising oscillators with delay, each of them being an advertising model, is considered. The center manifold reduction and normal form method are employed to study the bifurcation from the double-zero singularity which is induced by the coupled strength. Numerical simulation supports the analysis results.     

Singularities of lightlike hypersurface in semi-Euclidean 4-space with index 2

Anti de Sitter space is a maximally symmetric, vacuum solution of Einstein’s field equation with an attractive cosmological constant, and is the hyperquadric of semi-Euclidean space with index 2. So it is meaningful to study the submanifold in semi-Euclidean 4-space with index 2. However, the research on the submanifold in semi-Euclidean 4-space with index 2 has not been found from theory of singularity until now. In this paper, as a generalization of the study on lightlike hypersurface in Minkowski space and a preparation for the further study on anti de Sitter space, the singularities of lightlike hypersurface and Lorentzian surface in semi- Euclidean 4-space with index 2 will be studied. To do this, we reveal the relationships between the singularity of distance-squared function and that of lightlike hypersurface. In addition some geometric properties of lightlike hypersurface and Lorentzian surface are studied from geometrical point of view.     

The invariant -k2 and continued fractions for 2- dimensional cyclic quotient singularities

Every rational number greater than 1 corresponds to a 2-dimensional cyclic quotient singularity and therefore corresponds to a rational number-K 2,an invariant of this singularity. This paper shows the relation of the accumulation situations of corresponding sequences in both sets of rational numbers. Dedicated to Professor Oswald Riemenschneider on his 60th birthday     

Extending external rays throughout the Julia sets of rational maps

For polynomial maps in the complex plane, the notion of external rays plays an important role in determining the structure of and the dynamics on the Julia set. In this paper we consider an extension of these rays in the case of rational maps of the form Fλ(z) = z ⁿ + λ/z ⁿ where n > 1. As in the case of polynomials, there is an immediate basin of ∞, so we have similar external rays. We show how to extend these rays throughout the Julia set in three specific examples. Our extended rays are simple closed curves in the Riemann sphere that meet the Julia set in a Cantor set of points and also pass through countably many Fatou components. Unlike the external rays, these extended rays cross infinitely many other extended rays in a manner that helps determine the topology of the Julia set.     

Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams of some space curve singularities

The so called wedge singularities, that consist of a plane curve singularity C and a line transverse to the plane of C, are the simplest space curve singularities which are not a complete intersection. We show that for every wedge singularity X there is an isolated complete intersection singularity Y related to X and we describe the discriminant of X in terms of Y. We also show that the monodromy group of X corresponds to the one of Y.Furthermore, we calculate Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams for some space curve singularities of multiplicity three. To this end we apply real-morsification-techniques.     

Singularities of the Radon Transform of a Class of Piecewise Smooth Functions in R2

The Radon transform is the mathematical foundation of Computerized Tomography[1](CT).Its important applications includes medical CT,noninvasive test and etc.If one is specially interested in the places at which the image function changed largely such as the interfaces of two different tissues,tissue and ill tissue and the interfaces of two difierent matters,and want to reconstruct the outlines of the interfaces,one should reconstruct the singularities of the image function.The exact inversion of the Radon transform is valid only for smooth function[2].The singularity places of the reconstructed function should be studied specially.The research includes the propagation and inversion of singularity of the Radon transform.If one use convolutionbackprojection method to reconstruct the image function,the reconstructed function become blurring at the singularity places of the original function.M.Jiang and etc[3]developed a blind deconvolution method deblurring reconstructed image.By[4]and following research,we see that one can use a neighborhood data of the singularities of the Radon transform to inverse the singularity of the Radon transform,and therefore the reconstruction is available for some incomplete data reconstructions.     

Classification of (D<Subscript>4</Subscript>, S<Superscript>1</Superscript>)-equivariant bifurcation problems up to topological codimension 2

The techniques from singularity theory are applied to the multiparameter bifurcation problem. The classification of (D₄, S¹)-equivariant bifurcation problems with topological codimension less than or equal to 2 is given. The corresponding recognition conditions are set up.     

Interaction of Three Conormal Waves for Semilinear Wave Equations

In this paper, we consider the interaction of triple of conormal waves with different singularities for semilinear wave equations. We will show that if three characteristic hyperplanes carrying different conormal singularities intersect transversally at the origin, then the solution will be conormal with respect to the three hyperplanes, and a new singularity will be produced on the surface of the light cone at later times. We can also prove here that the strength of the new singularity will be dependent only on the weakest one and strongest one in the three hyperplanes.     

Nonlocal representation of the sl(2, R) algebra for the Chazy equation

A demonstration of how the point symmetries of the Chazy equation become nonlocal symmetries for the reduced equation is discussed. Moreover we construct an equivalent third-order differential equation which is related to the Chazy equation under a generalized transformation, and find the point symmetries of the Chazy equation are generalized symmetries for the new equation. With the use of singularity analysis and a simple coordinate transformation we construct a solution for the Chazy equation which is given by a right Painlevé series. The singularity analysis is applied to the new third-order equation and we find that it admits two solutions, one given by a left Painlevé series and one given by a right Painlevé series where the leading-order behaviors and the resonances are explicitly those of the Chazy equation.