偏硼酸钙改性al-mcm-41催化剂的表征及催化性能

al-mcm-41分子筛;偏硼酸钙;催化性能;乙氧基化     

烯烃对噻吩在介孔分子筛Al-MCM-41活性位物种上吸附脱硫机制的影响

采用后嫁接法制备了不同铝负载量的Al-MCM-41分子筛。运用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃-TPD、Py-FTIR等方法对分子筛进行物性表征,利用固定床评价其对噻吩的吸附性能。通过将分子筛吸附噻吩能力与分子筛的酸性质及织构性质进行关联,考察烯烃存在对Al-MCM-41活性位物种吸附脱硫机制的影响。结果表明,铝物种的引入即产生了B酸中心,也同时产生了两种类型的L酸中心L₁和L₂。引入低含量铝物种利于形成B酸中心和L₁型酸中心,引入高含量铝物种利于形成L₂型酸中心。其中,L₂型酸中心对噻吩的吸附效果最佳。烯烃和噻吩在B酸中心发生竞争吸附和催化转化反应,且催化转化反应占主导地位。L₂酸中心的存在促进了B酸中心上的催化转化反应,其所生成的大分子硫化物取代噻吩吸附在分子筛酸活性中心上提高了Al-MCM-41分子筛的饱和吸附硫容量。     

Enantioselective hydrogenation of acetophenone by(1S,2S)-DPEN-Ru(Ⅱ)Cl_2(PPh_3)_2 encapsulated in Al-MCM-41

<正>A chiral ruthenium complex[(1S,2S)-DPEN]-RuCl_2(PPh_3)_2(DPEN = 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine,PPh_3 = triphenylphosphine) was encapsulated in the channel of Al-MCM-41 by electrostatic adsorption and 1,1-dichlorosilacyclobutane modification.The prepared heterogeneous catalyst showed the same catalytic activity and enantioselectivity as the corresponding homogeneous catalyst in the asymmetric hydrogenation of acetophenone,and could be reused at least seven times without significant loss of catalytic activity and enantioselectivity.     

Characterization of high-impact polystyrene by catalytic pyrolysis over Al-MCM-41: Study of the influence of the contact between polymer and catalyst

In this work, the particular behaviour of a commercial high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) during the catalytic pyrolysis over Al-MCM-41 has been studied. The results obtained in a thermobalance showed differences in the number and/or the relative importance of the reaction steps involved in the pyrolysis, depending on the polymer particle size, which can be related to the differences in the nature of the polymeric phase being decomposed in each stage. Moreover, the relative importance of each step is very dependent on the particle size, revealing differences in the distribution of the different copolymer domains (i.e., styrene and butadiene domains) when the different particle size samples are mixed with the catalyst. The type of contact of the pure PS and PB polymers has also been studied revealing that, contrary to other results in literature, the catalyst may have an important effect both on the PS and PB pyrolysis. The results obtained showed that catalytic pyrolysis of these polymers could be a powerful tool for providing a fast and simple method for the characterization of copolymers of styrene and butadiene units.     

The synthesis of MCM-41 nanomaterial from Algerian Bentonite: The effect of the mineral phase contents of clay on the structure properties of MCM-41

This study focuses on the MCM-41 material (Mobil Composition of Matter). The MCM-41 nanomaterial presents higher physical properties such as pore sizes, surface areas and pore volumes. This material is usually synthesized by using laboratory reagents as silicate sources and aluminium source. These laboratory reagents are still expensive and toxic for large scale production. The main aim of this work is to resolve this problem and to replace these expensive laboratory reagents by more cost effective ones. The volclay and Algerian bentonite low-cost mass clay materials are used as silicate and acuminate sources separately by adopting an alkaline fusion process to extract both silicon and aluminium (1 kg of silicium and aluminium from volclay and Algerian bentonite cost around 0.03 and 0.01 € whereas the same amount of silicon from ludox and aluminium from sodium aluminates cost around 350 €). The synthesis of MCM-41 from bentonite was carried out by the hydrothermal method using the supernatants of bentonite (in the form of sodium silicate and sodium aluminate). On the basis of the data obtained from powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N₂ adsorption and desorption, the results revealed that the properties of MCM-41 synthesized from Algerian bentonite and volclay separately depend on both elemental composition and mineral phase contents of the used bentonite. Pure and highly ordered hexagonal mesoporous MCM-41 with uniform pore sizes and a high specific surface area have been successfully synthesized without any phases which exist in natural bentonite. The Algerian bentonite was chosen because of its low cost compared to volclay, another commercial clay source.     

Reaction of benzaldehyde with various aliphatic glycols in the presence of hydrophobic Al-MCM-41: A convenient synthesis of cyclic acetals

The reaction of benzaldehyde with aliphatic glycols was performed over Al-MCM-41 with various Si/Al ratios. The effects of various parameters like temperature, mole ratio, reaction time and catalyst amount on the formation of acetals were optimized. The mesoporous Al-MCM-41 (Si/Al ratio 36, 57, 81 and 108) were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm (BET), thermo gravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA) and TEM techniques. The acidity of the catalysts was measured by pyridine adsorption followed by FT-IR analysis. TEM analysis showed that the honeycomb-like regular arrangement of hexagonal pores on the molecular sieves. The highly hydrophobic Al-MCM-41 (108) showed higher activity than the other Si/Al ratios. The activity of the catalysts showed the following order Al-MCM-41 (108) > Al-MCM-41 (81) > Al-MCM-41 (57) > Al-MCM-41 (36). The hydrophobicity and nucleophilicity of the glycols highly influences the conversion of benzaldehyde, it followed the order; hexylene glycol (HG) > propylene glycol (PG) > ethylene glycol (EG). The results showed that mole ratio of 1:3 (aldehyde:glycol) gave higher yield than the other mole ratios.     

环境水样中痕量铅的中孔分子筛Al-MCM-41分离富集-火焰原子吸收法测定

建立了中孔分子筛Al-MCM-41分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量铅的新方法。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)等检测方法对自制的中孔分子筛Al-MCM-41吸附材料进行了表征,优化了中孔分子筛Al-MCM-41对试液中痕量铅的吸附和解吸条件。在pH5.5时,室温振荡20 min,中孔分子筛Al-MCM-41能定量、快速吸附水中的痕量Pb2+,其静态饱和吸附容量为2.5 mg/g。吸附在中孔分子筛Al-MCM-41上的Pb2+可用0.2 mol/L EDTA完全洗脱。其他金属离子共存不影响铅的测定。洗脱铅后的吸附材料经再生可循环使用10次以上。Pb2+的线性范围为0.5~30 mg/L,富集后方法检出限(3σ)为0.05μg/L,对5 mg/L的Pb2+溶液平行测定11次,相对标准偏差为1.2%,加标回收率为98%~104%。该方法用于环境水样中铅的测定,结果满意。     

Pt对Ni2P/MCM-41催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

以MCM-41为载体, 采用程序升温还原法制备了含有少量Pt的Ni-P/MCM-41催化剂, 并用氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、 X射线衍射(XRD)、 N₂吸附比表面积、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对催化剂的结构和性能进行了表征. 考察了P/Ni摩尔比及Pt含量对Ni-P/MCM-41催化剂催化二苯并噻吩(DBT)加氢脱硫(HDS)性能的影响. 结果表明, Pt能降低Ni₂P催化剂的还原温度, 并有助于Ni₂P相的生成, 抑制团聚现象, 提高催化剂的HDS活性. 当Pt的质量分数为0.6%, P/Ni摩尔比为2时, 催化剂具有最佳加氢脱硫活性, 在340 ℃, 3.0 MPa, 氢油体积比为500, 质量空速(WHSV)为2.0 h^-1的条件下, 二苯并噻吩转化率为100%, 且催化剂加氢脱硫活性在120 h内基本保持稳定.     

The studies of hydrodesulfurization activity over molybdenum catalysts supported on Al-MCM-41 modified by lanthanum

A series of lanthanum modified Al-MCM-41 substrates served as supports to prepare the Mo/La-Al-MCM-41 catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, FT-IR, XPS, TPR and TPD, and their catalytic activities were determined for thiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS).     

Effect of TiO2 Calcination Pretreatment on the Performance of Pt/TiO2 Catalyst for CO Oxidation

In order to improve the CO catalytic oxidation performance of a Pt/TiO₂ catalyst, a series of Pt/TiO₂ catalysts were prepared via an impregnation method in this study, and various characterization methods were used to explore the effect of TiO₂ calcination pretreatment on the CO catalytic oxidation performance of the catalysts. The results revealed that Pt/TiO₂ (700 °C) prepared by TiO₂ after calcination pretreatment at 700 °C exhibits a superior CO oxidation activity at low temperatures. After calcination pretreatment, the catalyst exhibited a suitable specific surface area and pore structure, which is beneficial to the diffusion of reactants and reaction products. At the same time, the proportion of adsorbed oxygen on the catalyst surface was increased, which promoted the oxidation of CO. After calcination pretreatment, the adsorption capacity of the catalyst for CO and CO₂ decreased, which was beneficial for the simultaneous inhibition of the CO self-poisoning of Pt sites. In addition, the Pt species exhibited a higher degree of dispersion and a smaller particle size, thereby increasing the CO oxidation activity of the Pt/TiO₂ (700 °C) catalyst.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue on Fe3+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light irradiation

Fe³⁺-doped TiO₂ composite nanoparticles with different doping amounts were successfully synthesized using sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultravioletvisible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was used as a model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of Fe³⁺/TiO₂ nanoparticles under visible light irradiation. The influence of doping amount of Fe³⁺ (ω: 0.00%–3.00%) on photocatalytic activities of TiO₂ was investigated. Results show that the size of Fe³⁺/TiO₂ particles decreases with the increase of the amount of Fe³⁺ and their absorption spectra are broaden and absorption intensities are also increased. Doping Fe³⁺ can control the conversion of TiO₂ from anatase to rutile. The doping amount of Fe³⁺ remarkably affects the activity of the catalyst, and the optimum efficiency occurs at about the doping amount of 0.3%. The appropriate doping of Fe³⁺ can markedly increase the catalytic activity of TiO₂ under visible light irradiation. __________ Translated from Journal of Northwest Normal University (Natural Science), 2006, 42(6): 55–56 [译自: 西北师范大学学报(自然科学版)]     

几种低碳醇在Pt／TiO2上的光催化产氢速率的研究

主要考察了无氧条件下低碳醇（甲、乙、丙醇）在Pt/TiO2表面光催化重整反应制氢。深入探讨了几种低碳醇与其放氢速率的构-效关系,提出了低碳醇在Pt/TiO2光催化剂表面吸附态的模型。     

激光闪光光解技术研究Pt4+掺杂提高TiO2光催化活性机制

通过用纳秒激光直接激发Pt⁴⁺掺杂的TiO₂透明溶胶体系,研究了440 nm处O^-吸收光谱的衰减过程.O^-是被捕获的正空穴的信号,是光催化反应过程中产生OH.自由基的决定影响因素.OH.浓度和衰减速度决定了光催化反应的效率.研究表明,O^-的寿命可以长达几十微秒.利用纳秒激光闪光光解的研究结果阐明了Pt⁴⁺掺杂显著提高TiO₂光催化活性的机制.     

Kinetics of Photogenerated Electrons Involved in Photocatalytic Reaction of Methanol on Pt/TiO2

Time-resolved IR spectroscopy was used to detect the photocatalytic reaction of methanol for H2 production on Pt/TiO2 catalysts. There exists an optimal amount of Pt loading in the Pt/TiO2 catalysts for the reaction of the photogenerated long-lived electrons. For a given amount of Pt loading, the reaction rate of the long-lived electrons on Pt/TiO2 catalysts varies greatly with the di?erent reduction temperature of the catalysts. The possible reason is that the Pt particles occupy the surface active sites for methanol adsorption on Pt/TiO2 catalysts reduced at high temperature. This phenomenon is not observed obviously on Pt/TiO2 catalysts reduced at low temperature. The decay rate of the long-lived electrons evaluated by time-resolved IR method qualitatively correlates well with the activity of H2 production under steady-state irradiation conditions.     

表面活性剂修饰对MCM-41负载离子液体吸附CO2影响的研究

以表面活性剂修饰的MCM-41为载体,采用浸渍法制备了负载离子液体[NH2p-mim][PF6]的二氧化碳吸附剂,考察了表面活性剂对离子液体在MCM-41上分散的影响以及所导致的CO2吸附性能的变化.利用红外光谱(FT-IR),X-射线衍射(XRD),高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM),热重分析(TG)技术对所合成的负载型离子液体吸附剂进行了表征研究,并与其吸附CO2的性能变化、离子液体与表面活性剂相互作用方式等因素进行了关联.结果表明:MCM-41负载离子液体后对CO2的吸附性能略有提高,而经表面活性剂修饰的MCM-41负载离子液体后,对CO2的吸附容量较载体本身提高了2.5倍.这一方面是因为表面活性剂胶束改善了MCM-41上离子液体的分散性,另一方面是表面活性剂胶束对离子液体分子上电荷分布的影响,导致离子液体内部阴阳离子之间的相互作用减弱,从而引起离子液体中-NH2上N原子电子云密度增大,使其与CO2作用更容易.CO2在经表面活性剂修饰后的MCM-41负载离子液体[NH2p-mim][PF6]吸附剂上的吸附受扩散控制,其吸附-脱附CO2所需能量较小,经过5次吸附-脱附循环后,其吸附性能仍保持稳定.热重分析结果表明,经表面活性剂修饰后的MCM-41负载离子液体吸附剂在100℃下氮气气氛再生时不会发生性质改变.     

Understanding the Photocatalytic Properties of Pt/CeOx/TiO2: Structural Effects on Electronic and Optical Properties

Ceria-titania interfaces play a crucial role in different chemical processes but are especially promising for the photocatalytic splitting of water using light in the visible wavelength region when Pt is added to the system. However, the complexity of this hierarchical structure hampers the study of the origin of its outstanding properties. In this article, the structural, electronic and optoelectronic properties of CeO₂/TiO₂ systems containing 1D, 2D, and 3D particles of ceria are analyzed by means of density functional calculations. Adsorption sites and vacancy effects have been studied to model Pt adsorption. Density of states calculations and absorption spectra simulations explain the behavior of these systems. Finally, these models are used for the screening of other metals that can be combined with this heterostructure to potentially find more efficient water splitting photocatalysts.     

Identifying the active photocatalytic H2-production sites on TiO2-supported Pt nanoparticles by the in-situ infrared spectrum of CO

Identifying the active catalytic centers on catalyst surface is significant for exploring the catalytic reaction mechanism and further guiding the synthesis of high-performance catalysts.However,it remains a challange in developing the site-specific technology for the identification of the active catalytic centers.Herein,in-situ infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed CO,photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) test and theoretical simulation were used to distinguish and quantify the different surface sites and their H2-production catalytic activity on TiO_2-supported Pt nanoparticles(Pt NPs).Two different types of surface Pt sites,tip Pt(Pt_(tip)) and edge/terrace Pt_(edge/terrace),on TiO_2-supported Pt nanoparticles(Pt NPs) were identified.The photocatalytic H2-production activity of TiO_2-supported Pt NPs shows a linear functional relationship with the number of Pt_(tip) sites.However,the number of Pt_(edge/terracesites) produced little effect on the activity of TiO_2-supported Pt NPs.First-principle simulations confirmed that H2-evolution at the Pttipsites owns a lower energy barrier than that at Pt_(edge/terrace).This findings would be helpful for the fabrication of high-performance Pt catalysts.     

The diffusion of Pt in BST films on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate by sol-gel method

Barium strontium titanate (Ba_0.65Sr_0.35TiO₃) ferroelectric thin films have been prepared by sol-gel method on Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrate. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicated that the films were a polycrystalline perovskite structure and the atomic force microscope (AFM) image showed that the crystallite size and the root mean square roughness (RMS) were 90 nm and 3.6 nm, respectively. The X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) images showed that Pt consisting in BST thin films was the metallic state, and the Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) analysed the Pt concentration in different depth profiles of BST thin films. The result displayed that the Pt diffusion in BST thin film is divided into two regions: near the BST/Pt interface, the diffusion type was volume diffusion, and far from the interface correspondingly, the diffusion type became grain boundary diffusion. In this paper, the previous researcher’s result was used to verify our conclusion.     

High enantioselectivity in the asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones by a supported Pt nanocatalyst on a mesoporous modified MCM-41 support

Catalysts containing metal nanotubes were prepared by the adsorption of platinum metal nano‐tubes onto functionalized and modified silica surfaces (MCM‐41 and fumed silica). (3‐Chloropro‐pyl)trimethoxysilane and cinchonidine were used for functionalization and modification, respec‐tively. Potassium chloroplatinate was used as the metal precursor to impregnate platinum metal nanotubes on the pretreated functionalized and modified silica surfaces. The solid catalysts were characterized by ESEM, TEM, EDAX, and XPS. The MCM‐41 supported platinum nanotube catalyst showed>98%to~100%enantioselectivity towards the hydrogenation of a range of pharmaceuti‐cally important chemicals such as methyl pyruvate, ethyl pyruvate, and acetophenone with nearly full conversion.     

Pt/Si-MCM-41介孔结构对低温NO+H2+O2反应的影响

将Pt/Si-MCM-41用于H2选择催化还原(H2-SCR)消除NO的反应. X射线衍射分析、N2吸附/脱附、氢吸附和透射电镜等分析结果表明,介孔Si-MCM-41具有大的比表面积和孔体积有利于活性组分Pt的分散, Pt/Si-MCM-41催化剂在富氧和80000 h-1空速的条件下,其H2-SCR低温活性在100 ℃达到60.1%,优于Pt/Si-ZSM-5和Pt/SiO2催化剂,其选择性在120 可达70%. 当Si-MCM-41的介孔结构被破坏时,H2-SCR反应活性明显下降,最大活性在120 ℃仅为15%. 漫反射红外光谱(DRIFTS)测试表明, —NO3物种是Pt/Si-MCM-41催化剂在H2-SCR反应中的主要中间物种.