基于Fe_3O_4/乙二胺四乙酸磁性粒子的集成化蛋白质组学方法

建立了基于Fe_3O_4/乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)磁性粒子的集成化蛋白质组学研究方法。首先用共沉淀法合成EDTA负载的Fe_3O_4/EDTA磁性粒子。在优化的溶液条件下(95%乙腈-1%三氟乙酸,体积分数),100μg Fe_3O_4/EDTA磁性粒子可吸附12.4μg牛血清白蛋白(BSA),吸附容量是商品化磁珠的10倍左右。以BSA作为标准蛋白质,对所合成的Fe_3O_4/EDTA磁性粒子作为蛋白质组学反应器的酶解时间进行了优化,发现Fe_3O_4/EDTA磁性粒子处理BSA酶解1、8和16 h的肽段序列覆盖率和特征肽段结果相当。因此,可以将复杂的蛋白质样品前处理时间缩短至2 h内。最后,将所合成的Fe_3O_4/EDTA磁性粒子应用于血清的蛋白质组学研究,成功地鉴定出218种蛋白质,其中包含了41种美国食品药品管理局(FDA)认证的生物标志物。所发展的基于Fe_3O_4/EDTA磁性粒子的蛋白质组学样品前处理方法将蛋白质样品预富集、还原、烷基化、酶解、多肽除盐和洗脱等步骤集成到一起,减少了样品转移和处理所造成的损失。这种技术具有快速、灵敏和易于操作的特点,可用于临床蛋白质组学研究。     

The novel silicide Eu3Si4: structure, chemical bonding, magnetic behavior and electrical resistivity

The novel binary europium silicide Eu₃Si₄ was synthesized from the elements. Its crystal structure is a derivative of the Ta₃B₄ type: space group Immm, a=4.6164(4) Å, b=3.9583(3) Å, c=18.229(1) Å, Z=2. In the structure, the silicon atoms form one-dimensional bands of condensed hexagons. Deviating from the prototype structure, a partial corrugation of the initially planar bands may be concluded from the analysis of the experimental electron density in the vicinity of the Si1 atoms. In the paramagnetic region, Eu₃Si₄ shows a 4f⁷ electronic configuration for the europium atoms. Two consecutive magnetic ordering transitions were found at 117 and 40 K. The first one is attributed to a ferromagnetic ordering of the Eu2 atoms; the second one is caused by a ferromagnetic ordering of the Eu1 atoms resulting in a ferrimagnetic ground state with a net magnetization of 7 μ_B at 1.8 K. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity reflects the metallic character of the investigated compound. Furthermore, the pronounced changes of the dρ/dT slope confirm the magnetic transitions. From bonding analysis with the electron localization function, Eu₃Si₄ shows a Zintl-like character and its electronic count balance can be written as (Eu^1.83+)₃(Si1^0.95−)₂(Si2^1.8−)₂, in good agreement with its magnetic behavior in the paramagnetic region.     

Synthesis and morphology of Fe3O4/polystyrene/poly(isopropylacrylamide‐co‐methyl acrylate acid) magnetic composite latex – 2,2′‐azobis (2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride as initiator

In this work, Fe₃O₄/polystyrene/poly(N‐isopropylacryl amide‐co‐methylacrylate acid) (Fe₃O₄/PS/P(NIPAAM‐co‐MAA)) magnetic composite latex was synthesized by the method of two stage emulsion polymerization. In this reaction system, 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methyl propionamidine) dihydrochloride (AIBA) was used as initiator to initiate the first stage reaction and second stage reaction. The Fe₃O₄ particles were prepared by a traditional coprecipitation method. Fe₃O₄ particles were surface treated by either PAA oligomer or lauric acid to form the stable ferrofluid. The first stage for the synthesis of magnetic composite latex was to synthesize PS in the presence of ferrofluid by soapless emulsion polymerization to form the Fe₃O₄/PS composite latex particles. Following the first stage of reaction, the second stage of polymerization was carried out by the method of soapless emulsion polymerization with NIPAAM and MAA as monomers and Fe₃O₄/PS latex as seeds. The magnetic composite particles, Fe₃O₄/PS/P(NIPAAM‐co‐MAA), were thus obtained. The mechanism of the first stage reaction and second stage reaction were investigated. Moreover, the effects of PAA and lauric acid on the reaction kinetics, morphology, and particle size distribution were studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3912–3921, 2007     

Hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of a novel organo-templated iron(III) borophosphate: (C3H12N2)Fe 6(H2O)4[B4P8O32(OH)8]

The organo-templated iron(III) borophosphate (C₃H₁₂N₂)Fe^III ₆(H₂O)₄[B₄P₈O₃₂(OH)₈] was prepared under mild hydrothermal conditions (at 443 K) and the crystal structure was determined from single crystal X-ray data at 295 K (monoclinic, P2₁/c (No. 14), a=5.014(2) Å, b=9.309(2) Å, c=20.923(7) Å, β=110.29(2)°, V=915.9(5) Å³, Z=2, R1=0.049, wR2=0.107 for all data, 2234 observed reflections with I>2σ(I)). The title compound contains a complex inorganic framework of borophosphate trimers [BP₂O₈(OH)₂]⁵⁻ together with FeO₄(OH)(H₂O)- and FeO₄(OH)₂-octahedra forming channels with ten-membered ring apertures in which the diaminopropane cations are located. The magnetization measurements confirm the Fe(III)-state and show an antiferromagnetic ordering at T_N≈14.0(1) K.     

Synthesis and characteristics of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid)/Fe3O4/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid) two‐shell thermosensitive magnetic composite hollow latex particles

In this study, the poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐methylacrylate acid)/Fe₃O₄/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐methylacrylate acid) (poly(NIPAAm‐MAA)/Fe₃O₄/poly(NIPAAm‐MAA)) two‐shell magnetic composite hollow latex particles were synthesized by four steps. The poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐methylacrylate acid) (poly(MMA‐MAA)) copolymer latex particles were synthesized first. Then, the second step was to polymerize NIPAAm, MAA, and crosslinking agent in the presence of poly(MMA‐MAA) latex particles to form the linear poly(MMA‐MAA)/crosslinking poly(NIPAAm‐MAA) core–shell latex particles. Then, the core–shell latex particles were heated in the presence of NH₄OH to dissolve the linear poly(MMA‐MAA) core to form the poly(NIPAAm‐MAA) hollow latex particles. In the third step, the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were generated in the presence of poly(NIPAAm‐MAA) hollow polymer latex particles and formed the poly(NIPAAm‐MAA)/Fe₃O₄ magnetic composite hollow latex particles. The fourth step was to synthesize poly(NIPAAm‐MAA) in the presence of poly(NIPAAm‐MAA)/Fe₃O₄ latex particles to form the poly(NIPAAm‐MAA)/Fe₃O₄/poly(NIPAAm‐MAA) two‐shell magnetic composite hollow latex particles. The effect of various variables such as reactant concentration, monomer ratio, and pH value on the morphology and volume‐phase transition temperature of two‐shell magnetic composite hollow latex particles was studied. Moreover, the latex particles were used as carriers to load with caffeine, and the caffeine‐loading characteristics and caffeine release rate of latex particles were also studied. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2880–2891     

新型碳基固体酸SO_4~(2-)/Nd_2O_3/C制备及催化油酸与甲醇酯化反应合成生物柴油研究

在流化床管式炉中,通过对废山茶油壳进行高温炭化处理制备了一种碳基材料。以该碳基材料为载体,并对其进行稀土金属离子钕和硫酸磺化改性,合成了一种新型碳基固体酸催化剂SO_4~(2-)/Nd_2O_3/C。对制备而成的催化剂进行了多种物理化学表征分析,并以其为经甲醇和油酸酯化反应来合成生物柴油的催化剂,对其催化活性和稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,当甲醇和油酸物质的量比为2∶1,催化剂与反应物质量比为2%,反应时间为120 min,反应温度为90℃,油酸的转化率为96.70%。催化剂经循环使用三次后,油酸的转化率仍高达86.74%。高催化活性可归因如下:由于Nd、O、S元素的电负性分别为1.14、3.44和2.58,因而Nd易向O和S元素的2p空轨道提供孤对电子,使Nd~(3+)与SO_4~(2-)之间形成稳定的配位键。并且,由于S=O键具有强吸电子作用,而导致了与SO_4~(2-)配位的Nd~(3+)所产生的静电场增大,当有水(强配体)存在时,可使SO_4~(2-)/Nd_2O_3/C催化剂呈现出强Brnsted酸性。