Landau coefficients and the critical electric field in a KDP crystal

Analytical expressions for the Landau coefficients of deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystal are obtained in a four-particle cluster approximation. The critical electric field strengths calculated within the phenomenological and microscopic theories for DKDP are compared to experimental data. Calculations of the critical electric field in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal in the cluster approximation with allowance for proton tunneling on hydrogen bonds allows us to determine the tunneling constant and the geometric factor associated with the change in the effective dipole moment upon deuteration. Good agreement with the experimental data is obtained only for positive values of the long-range interaction parameter.     

DKDP晶体的拉曼散射谱分析

根据空间群理论分析和指认了磷酸二氘钾晶体[K(D_xH_1-x)₂PO₄,简称DKDP]的拉曼活性晶格振动模,测量了其室温拉曼光谱。结果表明DKDP晶体的晶格振动谱主要是由D₂PO-₄阴离子团簇的内振动引起的。与H₂PO-₄阴离子稀溶液的拉曼谱和NaD₂(PO₄)₂晶体的拉曼谱比较,DKDP晶体中D₂PO-₄阴离子的四个特征内振动模可被指认为881 cm-1(ν₁),357 cm-1(ν₂),514/541 cm-1(ν₃),965 cm-1(ν₄)。     

四倍频磷酸二氘钾晶体

生长了不同氘含量的磷酸二氘钾(DKDP)晶体,切割角度统一沿Ⅰ类非临界相位匹配方向,即与晶体z轴成90与x轴成45,分别在1 064 nm和1 053 nm两种基频波长下进行了四倍频实验,通过测定氘含量与相位匹配角的联系,确定出能够实现非临界四倍频的DKDP晶体的最佳氘含量。实验发现在1 064 nm的基频波长下通过调节DKDP晶体的氘含量无法实现室温的非临界相位匹配,而在1 053 nm基频波长下实现室温的非临界相位匹配的DKDP晶体最佳氘含量为85%左右     

介质靶成象过程分辨率的研究

本文研究了在某些摄象器件、存贮器件或电光显示器件中介质靶诸因素对分辨率的影响。在考虑各向异性介质靶的普遍情况下,推导了由表面电荷光栅图象到电位图象或光象的介质靶的光学传递函数。定量地分析了它的分辨率极限;较详细地讨论了表面漏电和靶而其他介质膜层的引入对分辨率的影响。作为例子,利用TQ-16型计算机计算了摄象管中的硅靶、录象磁带中的聚苯乙烯靶和大屏幕投影电视中的DKDP晶体各向异性介质靶的MTF曲线,从而求得了它们的分辨率,所得结果与国外资料报道的实验曲线和数据很好地吻合。最后,用DKDP晶体所做的实验进一步证实了计算的结果。 关键词：     

Dual-wavelength laser polarimeter and its performance capabilities

A dual-wavelength optical polarimetric approach has been proposed as a means of elimination of the systematic errors and estimation of the optical anisotropy parameters for a single DKDP crystal. Our HAUP-related polarimeter uses two semiconductor lasers with the neighbouring wavelengths of 635 nm and 650 nm. Based on the temperature dependence analysis of small characteristic azimuths of light polarization with respect to the axis of the sample, we found the parameters of imperfections of polarization system. We acquired eigen waves ellipticities in a DKDP crystal and found perpendicular to the optic axis value of the optical rotatory power. Our results correlate positively with previously measured data for KDP crystals.     

Mixed spin Ising model with four-spin interaction and random crystal field

The effects of fluctuations of the crystal field on the phase diagram of the mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising model with four-spin interactions are investigated within the finite cluster approximation based on a single-site cluster theory. The state equations are derived for the two-dimensional square lattice. It has been found that the system exhibits a variety of interesting features resulting from the fluctuation of the crystal field interactions. In particular, for low mean value D of the crystal field, the critical temperature is not very sensitive to fluctuations and all transitions are of second order for any value of the four-spin interactions. But for relatively high D, the transition temperature depends on the fluctuation of the crystal field, and the system undergoes tricritical behaviour for any strength of the four-spin interactions. We have also found that the model may exhibit reentrance for appropriate values of the system parameters.     

大口径氘化磷酸二氢钾晶体离线亚纳秒激光预处理技术

大口径氘化磷酸二氢钾(DKDP)晶体抗激光损伤性能偏低严重地制约着大型高功率激光装置输出水平.本研究利用离线亚纳秒激光预处理技术有效地提升了大口径DKDP晶体抗激光损伤性能.实际使用情况表明,采用离线亚纳秒激光预处理后,DKDP晶体在9 J/cm²激光通量辐照下的表面平均损伤密度得到大幅下降,由未处理前的5.02 pp/cm²(1pp表示1个百分点)降至0.55 pp/cm²,降幅为一个数量级.同时,激光预处理对晶体损伤尺寸具有一定的抑制作用,预处理后晶体损伤点尺寸分布曲线向尺寸减小的方向平移,尺寸分布峰值由预处理前的25μm降至预处理后的18—20μm.     

高平均功率开关晶体热力学特性有限元分析

 基于有限元数值方法,就不同的光强分布模型以及电光晶体固定或自由的边界条件,模拟分析了KDP,DKDP,LiNbO₃,BBO开关晶体材料在高平均功率激光负载下的热力学特性。结果表明:激光作用数s后,温升分布基本与光强分布一致;晶体表面的最大轴向位移和最大拉应力随光斑填充因子增大而增大;晶体的力学边界约束对最大轴向位移及最大拉热应力的影响随着光斑填充因子的增大而增强;在相同的入射激光光源及相同的边界条件下,KDP上的温升最大,热畸变最严重,DKDP次之,而LiNbO₃和BBO具有较低的温升值或较低的热形变和热应力。     

不同波长三倍频DKDP晶体的激光损伤

采用传统降温法,利用高纯原料从氘化程度为80%的溶液生长了四方相磷酸二氘钾(DKDP)晶体,并按Ⅱ类三倍频方式切割晶体。三倍频用DKDP晶体的最大问题在于其抗光伤阈值低于KDP晶体,严重限制了激光输出的能量密度和晶体使用寿命。考察了不同波长下三倍频DKDP晶体的损伤阈值,以及激光退火效应。实验表明,激光退火对于DKDP晶体的损伤阈值有显著的提升作用,基频、倍频、三倍频的提升效果分别达到1.4,1.9,2.7倍,是改善DKDP晶体抗光伤能力的有效途径。     

大口径DKDP晶体受激拉曼散射增益系数的测量（英）

大口径KDP/DKDP晶体在强紫外光辐照下产生横向受激拉曼散射效应（TSRS）, 受激放大的拉曼散射光将导致激光能量损失甚至激光损伤, 测量DKDP晶体TSRS增益系数对设置激光装置的运行区间以确保晶体的安全使用非常重要。采用高精度光谱仪探测大口径DKDP晶体（氘含量65%）在351 nm激光辐照下的横向拉曼散射信号, 得到了拉曼散射光的增长曲线, 拟合得到的拉曼增益系数为0.109 cm/GW。同时, 实验结果表明晶体体损伤不影响TSRS增长行为, 表明晶体体损伤对拉曼增益系数测量结果的影响可以忽略。     

Anharmonic properties of rocksalt structure solids

An effort has been made for obtaining the anharmonic properties of rocksalt structure solids starting from primary physical parameters viz. nearest-neighbor distance and hardness parameter assuming long- and short-range potentials at elevated temperatures. The elastic energy density for a deformed crystal can be expanded as power series of strains for obtaining coefficients of quadratic, cubic and quartic terms which are known as the second-, third- and fourth-order elastic constants, respectively. When the values of the higher-order elastic constants are known for a crystal, many of the anharmonic properties of the crystal can be treated within the limit of the continuum approximation in a quantitative manner. In this study, higher-order elastic constants are computed up to their melting temperature for rocksalt structure solids, which are alkali cyanides, sodium and potassium halides. The first order pressure derivatives of second- and third-order elastic constants, the second-order pressure derivatives of second-order elastic constants and partial contractions are also evaluated at different temperatures for these substances. The results thus obtained are compared with experimental data and found in well agreement with present values.     

On the cluster mechanism of diamond synthesis from different solid carbon forms

The cluster mechanism of diamond synthesis has been proposed. The mechanism is based on the concept of vibrational interactions between objects with the anomalously high Debye temperature. The estimates obtained for the crystal sizes are in good agreement with the experimental data on the dynamic and static syntheses of diamonds from different solid carbon forms such as organic materials, nanodiamonds, fullerite, graphite, and nanotubes.     

Anharmonic properties of TmTe

Data on elastic constants and associated properties at high temperature for TmTe crystal are presented and discussed starting from primary physical parameters viz. nearest neighbour distance and hardness parameter assuming long- and short-range potentials. When the values of the higher order elastic constants are known for a crystal, many of the anharmonic properties of the crystal can be treated within the limit of the continuum approximation in a quantitative manner. In this study, higher order elastic constants and related properties are computed upto 1000 K for TmTe. The first-order pressure derivatives of second- and third-order elastic constants, the second-order pressure derivatives of second-order elastic constants and partial contractions are also evaluated at different temperatures. The results thus obtained are compared with other available data and found in well agreement with present values.     

Low-frequency Raman scattering study of the ferroelectric phase transition in the DKDP crystal

The low-frequency Raman scattering spectra of the DKDP ferroelectric crystal are studied in the temperature range 30–393 K. At temperatures above 150 K, the Raman spectra exhibit a central peak which reflects the lattice relaxation susceptibility. The width and integrated intensity of the central peak are derived from the experimental spectra. The critical slowing down of the relaxation response predicted by the Ginzburg-Landau-Devonshire theory is observed throughout the temperature range in which the central peak persists. Its integrated intensity does not, however, follow the predictions of the theory and reveals a strong temperature dependence in the ferroelectric phase and a weaker dependence in the paraphase. It is shown that the thermal activation law describes well the temperature dependence of the intensity of the central peak. An interpretation is proposed according to which the intensity of order parameter fluctuations is related to the activation barrier whose height is proportional to the deviation from the phase transition temperature.     

Nonlinear frequency conversion of copper vapor laser radiation using convergent and parallel laser beams

Results of experiments are presented on the comparison of the efficiency of radiation generation at the sum frequency (λ=0.271 μm) of copper vapor laser (CVL) in a nonlinear DKDP crystal using either convergent or parallel laser beam. An intensity of UV radiation of 0.34 W and a conversion efficiency of 6% obtained under conditions of strong focusing occur to be substantially lower as compared to those obtained using a parallel laser beam of the same power (0.73 W and 12%, respectively). Experimental data on the structure of a CVL beam generated with an unstable resonator are presented, and physical reasons for the limitation of the efficiency of nonlinear frequency conversion are analyzed.     

Equilibrium melting temperature as a result of induction time measurements: Isotactic polypropylene

A method for the determination of equilibrium melting temperature from induction time measurements is suggested. Theory of the induction time, t _i (most probable period from the beginning of isothermal crystallization to the instant when a stable crystal nucleus starts growing) involves parameters that influence the nucleation-crystallization process, such as specific interfacial free-energy parameter, specific surface energies of a growing nucleus, enthalpy of crystal melting, diffusion activation energy, undercooling and the equilibrium melting temperature, T_m°. An extrapolation method exploiting the aspect of the induction time that it increases to infinity, that is, 1/t _i decreases to zero at the equilibrium melting temperature, cannot be used to calculate the equilibrium melting temperature. High- or low-temperature approximations of the basic equation yield some simplifications that make it possible to find its parameters via the best fit of the equation with experimental data. This procedure can yield also the value of the equilibrium melting temperature if the measured data are sufficiently precise. Applying that procedure to crystallization data of isotactic polypropylene, we obtained the values of the equilibrium melting temperatures 199.5°C (high-temperature approximation) and 212.7°C (low-temperature approximation). A more detailed discussion of the procedure suggests that from both these reasonable values, the higher one is more justified. This result agrees well with higher T_m° data reported in the literature.     

氘含量对DKDP晶体横向受激拉曼散射增益系数的影响

本文测量了不同氘含量K(H_1-xD_x)₂PO₄晶体(DKDP晶体)在Z(XX)Y散射配置下的自发拉曼散射光谱, 并详细分析了氘含量对与横向受激拉曼散射(TSRS)增益系数有关的拉曼频移、半峰宽和散射强度的影响. 然后通过与去离子水拉曼散射对比得出了不同氘含量DKDP晶体的TSRS增益系数. 结果表明随着氘含量的增加DKDP晶体的TSRS增益系数先减小至KDP晶体的40.1%, 后增大至68.9%; 本文认为掺氘后拉曼半峰宽的变化是引起TSRS增益系数随氘含量变化的主要原因.     

The exact solution for the free induction decay in a quasi-one-dimensional system in a multi-pulse NMR experiment

The exact solution for the free induction decay in a one-dimensional system in the multi-pulse experiment is obtained at both high and low temperatures in the approximation of nearest neighbor interactions. The experimental investigation is performed on a quasi-one-dimensional system of ¹⁹F nuclear spins in a single crystal of fluorapatite. The theoretical results are in a good agreement with the obtained experimental data.     

Dynamics of the order parameter and the potential of the hydrogen bond in a ferroelectric DKDP crystal

Within a pseudospin model of a KD₂PO₄ crystal, the relaxation time of the average pseudospin (the order parameter) in the mean-field approximation depends on the activation energy of the jump of a deuteron between the minima of the hydrogen bond potential, the average equilibrium value of the pseudospin, and the dielectric susceptibility. Calculating the average equilibrium spin and the susceptibility within the four-particle cluster approximation and fitting the data for the width of the central peak from a Raman scattering experiment, we numerically estimate the activation energy. For the same values of the parameters of the cluster method, the calculated inverse relaxation time is in good agreement with the data of ultrasonic measurements.