CHANGES OF QUATERNARY CLIMATE OF LOESS DISTRICT IN CHINA

On the basis of the data of sporo-pollen analysis, the weathering index of loess and paleosol layers and the climatic differences between the periods of the formation of loess and paleosol as reflected by intensities of natural remanent magnetization of loess and paleosol, it may be confirmed that the loess layers represent the climate of glacial stages, while paleosol was formed during interglacial stages. The climatic changes in the loess area of China have undergone 23 cycles which were combined with the paleomagnetic dating. TL ages of paleosol layers and the average ages of termination could be excellently correlated with the δ~(18)O stages of deep sea core V_(28-239). Thus, it may be recognized that the Luochuan and Xi'an loess-paleosol sequences are the typical climatostratigraphy in China and even in the world.     

THE GENETIC TYPES OF BAUXITE DEPOSITS IN CHINA

The genetic type classification of the bauxite deposits in China was oversimplified in the past and the author tries to make a relatively detailed division based on their practical conditions. First, the occurrences of bauxite deposits are divided into platform and geosyncline terrains according to their geotectonic setting. Then, the lateritic, accumulated, sedimentary, solution precipitated diagenetitc-epigenetic, regional metamorphic categories and two metacategories are established based on their main metallogenetic processes. Finally 21 types and 9 metatypes are set up according to their formation features (including genesis, sedimentary environment or major mineral features), of which several types are newly established. The classification is quite different from that of the world's bauxite deposits, the metacategories and metarypes refer to the deposits o only scientific significance at present.     

当前我国放射性核素迁移的实验研究

本文综述了当前我国放射性核素主要是锶铯碘铀的迁移研究，并指出了今后的发展方向。     

LOADING CORRECTION OF OCEANIC TIDES IN THE MAINLAND OF CHINA

The response of radial inhomogeneous elastic earth under the action of oceanic tides is studied by use of the combination of convolution integral with spherical harmonic expansion. In the meantime, the effect of oceanic tides on gravity, tilt and strain in the mainland of China is estimated, and the accuracy of loading correction is also briefly analysed. Results show that the loading effect along the coast of China cannot be neglected, for gravity it is about 5％ of body tides, for tilt it reaches the same magnitude as body tides, for strain about 50％. The result obtained can be used to provide the tidal correction for various precision geodesy. The proposal method may also be applied to the effect of other surface loading except oceanic tides.     

ORIGINS OF POTASH DEPOSITS IN THE QAIDAM BASIN, CHINA

The Qaidam Basin is a typically continental potash-bearing basin, which is comparatively rare in other countries. The potash deposits are widespread in the Quaternary salt lakes of the mid-western basin. At the same time, there exist many favourable conditions for the formation of potash deposits: (ⅰ)the sufficient source of potassium, (ⅱ) the optimum migration and accumulation processes of potassium, and (ⅲ) proper physico-chemical environments for separating potash salts. Owing to the differences in the supplying conditions for the external water to lake-basin and in the chemical compositions of those salt lake brines, potash deposits of various models and various types were formed.     

STUDIES ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HONEY-BEE SPIROPLASMA IN CHINA

Spiroplasma has been successfully isolated from the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and cultivated in R-2 medium in China. The isolate, CH-1 is obtained through triple cloning. CH-1 shows a helical morphology and a contractile movement. It is 0.17 μm in diameter and its length varies considerably with different growth periods. CH-1 forms granular-type and/or fried-egg-shaped colonies, 75—210 μm in diameter, on R-2 medium. It grows normally at temperatures ranging 25—35℃ (the optimum being 28—32℃). The optimal pH for growth is 7.0. The best growth occurs in medium containing 0.25 mol/L of sucrose. Under the optimal condition, its growth reaches the stationary phase 48 h after subculture. CH-1 cannot grow in serum-free medium and its growth is inhibited by digitonin. CH-1 can metabolize glucose, fructose, maltose, and trehalose. It can dehydrate arginine, CH-1 does not have an ability to utilize urea, nor dehydrate gelatin, nor reduce methylence blue. The taxonomic position of CH-1 has also been discuss     

GEOCHEMISTRY OF SEDIMENTS AND ENVIRONMENT IN XIHU LAKE OF GREAT WALL STATION OF CHINA, ANTARCTICA

The determined results in this paper, which were obtained by the multielement analysis of the 260 cm-deep core sediments under the water of Xihu Lake in the Great Wall Station area, are as follows: The Cenozoic volcanic rocks around Xihu Lake are the main source of sediments in the lake. The chemical differentiation in very fine particles is still detectable. From the variation of ratios of the Cs/Rb, Br/CI and La/Yb in the clay fraction with depth and from the variation or CaCO_3 contained in the sediments, cation replacing amount in the clay grains and the sediment grain sizes in time, it can be seen that since 3600 a. B. P., there has existed the climatic variation of warm-cold-warm, which embodies the advance and retreat history of the ice sheet in this area.     

我国计量的起源与发展探析

通过对计量发展历史历程分阶段的追溯和梳理,阐述了计量在现代国防中的重要性和作用.     

ISOTOPIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF FOSSIL FUELS IN CHINA

The authors have summarized the results of their study on the isotopic composition ofChina's fossil fuels for the past 20 years. Comparatively speaking, the main frequency of thedistribution of the δ~(13)C value for coal is from -25.5 to -23.5%. The effects of thermalevolution might be neglected, however, it is obvious that the coal macerals have an effecton the δ~(13)C value. The δ~(13)C of whole coal becomes lighter with the exinite content increasing.Our studies of thermoanalogue products from coal measures show that gaseous hydrocarbonhas the lightest δ~(13)C value at the peak value which produces liquid hydrocarbon. It is similarto the δ~(13)C of coal samples. The alkane in group fraction changes more significantly with theincrease of temperature. The type of biothermocatalytic transitional zone gas might be dividedaccording to the δ~(13)C and δD research of natural gas. The δD of methane becomes heavier withthe increase of water-medium salinity. The isotopic research on light hydrocarbon m     

紫外分光光度法测定大豆中大豆异黄酮

以染料木苷为标准品,利用三波长紫外分光光度法对东北大豆的11个品种进行了异黄酮含量的测定。测定结果表明,“垦丰”和“中豆”两个品种的异黄酮含量较高,分别达到0．246％和0．221％;“东农44单株”和“东农355”两个品种的异黄酮含量较低,分别为0．101％和0．110％。     

国内光度法测定铬的进展

综述了1996年以来国内分光光度法测定痕量铬的方法、反应条件和应用,并对今后的发展提出了展望。     

MICROBE-INPUT CARBOXYLIC BIOMARKERS IN SALINE/HYPERSALINE SEDIMENTS FROM SALINE BASINS OF CHINA*

Carboxylic biomarkers in Saline lake sediments from the Jianghan basin(Hubei Province, China) and the Ejinor hypersaline lake (northern China) are studied. The origin, (?)ransformstion, and psleoecological significances of isoprenoid, triterpenoid and alkenoic acids in the extracted organic matter (EOM) are also discussed.An i-C_(17:6) isoprenoid fatty scid and two C_(31:0) homogammscersnoic fatty acid stereoisomers are detected in psleossline lake sediments. Homogammaceranoic acid might be an important precursor of gammscerane which is abundant in saline sediments. The i-C_(17:6) isoprenoid acid and homogammacersnoic acid might be the lipid components of some halophilic microorganisms such as archaeobacteria halophilus.     

SR-O ISOTOPE SYSTEM OF SOME GRANITOIDS IN CHINA

Four of Sr- O isotope types can be observed in the graphs of δ~(18)O vs. (~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i accord-ing to our data: (i) closed-system crystallization type: nearly short- vertical line withsimilar initial Sr isotope ratios and small changes of δ~(18)O values(<3‰); (ii) sialic materialremelting type: negative correlations without mantle end member; (iii) crust-mantle contam-ination type: a variety of mixing hyperbolas or straight lines with positive slopes: (iv)water-rock exchange type: irregular distribution.     

ICP-AES 法测定我国三个不同地域生长的板栗中20种元素

应用ICP—AES测定了我国三个不同地域生长的板栗中20种无机元素的含量并作了成分的比较研究,对试样的溶解条件及仪器的工作参数也进行了研究和优化。各元素分析结果的RSD值在0．11％～6．9％之间,回收率在95．1％～108．0％之间。     

NONHYDROCARBON AND NOBLE GAS GEOCHEMISTRY IN NATURAL GAS OF EASTERN CHINA

The isotopic composition of 15 natural gas samples, which were collected from northern Jiangsu Province, south Songliao, Sanshui County of Guangdong Province, have been analysed in terms of δ~(13)C of CO_2 and CH_4, δD of CH_4, δ~(15)N of N_2, ~3He/~4He, ~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar and R/R_A. Based on the isotopic and chemical composition of the natural gas and the geological background of these areas, such aspects as the genesis of nonhydrocarbon gas, geochemical characteristics of noble gases by contrast with the data of Sichuan Province~([1]), the Xinjiang Autonomous Region and the Yaojie Coal Mine of Gansu Province are discussed. It is pointed out that hydrocarbon and nonhydrocarbon gases reservoired in the same stratum may be of different genesis and that the helium of He-rich gas pool of Huangqiao, northern Jiangsu is closely related to the mantle, and is of the mantle degasification. It is an example of commerical gas pool that helium was accumulated in sedimentary beds. The He and CO_2 of Wanjinta at the     

燃料电池技术的发展与我国应有的对策

本文介绍了几种主要类型燃料电池的最新进展，基于世界发展趋势和我国具体情况，作者在碱性燃料电池，磷酸型燃料电池，溶融碳酸盐电池和聚合物电解质燃料电池方面提出了相应对策。以促进我国燃料电池的研究与开发。     

新型空气取水复合吸附剂在沙漠气候下的吸附性能实验研究

提出了一种由粗孔球形硅胶和氯化钙组成的新型复合吸附剂SiO2穢H2O穣CaCl2。介绍了这种吸附剂的配制方法,分析了它吸附湿空气中水蒸气的原理。模拟我国塔克拉玛干沙漠地区高温干燥的气候特点:在空气温度恒为35℃、相对湿度为30%的条件下,对不同CaCl2含量的复合吸附剂和粗孔球形硅胶、细孔球形硅胶、分子筛13X进行了吸附解吸对比实验。实验表明,这种复合吸附剂的平衡吸附量we最大可达0.263kg H2O/kg干吸附剂,是粗孔球形硅胶的5.6倍、细孔球形硅胶的3.4倍、分子筛13X的1.17倍。通过对比分析它们的吸附解吸速度曲线表明,这种复合吸附剂的吸附量大、吸附速度快、解吸速度快。这种复合吸附剂在解吸温度80℃,可解吸97%以上的吸附量。因此,可用太阳能加热解吸,是一种理想的取水用吸附剂。     

电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定锂辉石选矿产品中铌和钽

用碘化铵灼烧,氢氟酸-硫酸分解矿样,不经分离,电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定锂辉石选矿产品中铌和钽(以其五氧化物表示)。Nb2O5的检出限为8.4×10-9g,Ta2O5的检出限为1.1×10-8g。相对标准偏差:铌为0.8%,钽为1.2%,测定范围为5×10-4%~20.00%。     

超临界CO_2萃取小麦胚芽油溶解度特性的研究

本文研究了小麦胚芽油在超临界CO_2中的平衡溶解度随介质温度和压力的变化规律,并对超临界CO_2条件下,小麦胚芽中油溶解特性进行了考察。结果表明,小麦胚芽油的恒温溶解度随压力升高而升高,恒压溶解度随温度升高而降低,且溶解过程为放热过程。