凝结水处理用树脂溶出物问题研究

本文在自选设计的树脂溶出物动态循环溶茁测试装置上,试验了常用的各种凝结水处理用离子交换树脂短、长期动态溶出行为、发现各种树脂的溶出物量及行为相差很远,对树脂溶出物进行的高压釜试验表明,高压釜试验前后溶的的红外光谱变化不大,溶出物主要结构、基团变化也不明显,但是,树脂溶出物在高温、高压下酸化较明显。因此,对树脂溶出物进行检测是必要的。     

凝结水精处理阳树脂硫酸根溶出特性研究

电站给水系统中存在微量的SO42-就会对金属材料造成严重腐蚀。针对目前凝结水精处理系统投运后导致核电站蒸汽发生器或炉水中SO42-含量升高的问题,采用动态循环溶出和静态浸泡的方法对几种凝结水精处理常用阳树脂的SO42-溶出行为进行了研究。结果表明,不同树脂的SO42-溶出行为有较大差异,SO42-含量在短时间内随时间增长呈上升趋势,新树脂溶出SO42-的量比旧树脂大得多。通过对溶出液进行高温和氧化处理,发现溶出物中还含有一些有机磺酸盐,它们在高温或氧化条件下会分解产生SO42-和酸性物质。     

新型阻溶促溶酚树脂用于热敏CTP版的性能研究

使酚树脂与乙烯基醚发生反应,合成出一种新型醚化物,作为新型阻溶促溶剂.将它与产酸剂、背景染料、红外染料、成膜树脂、其它助剂及有机溶剂作为热敏CTP组合物.研究了该热敏CTP组合物的化学性能和热敏成像性能,发现在热敏CTP组合物中适量的新型阻溶促溶剂能够使热敏CTP版的热敏性、显影性、抗碱性及耐异丙醇性都得到了较大的改善.     

计时电位法测定江河底泥中微量汞

汞的测定可采用冷原子吸收法,气相色谱法和阳极溶出伏安法等。应用电位溶出法也可进行汞的测定。本文在进行电位溶出时通过一恒定电流,考察了测定汞的条件,对吉林省第二松花江污染地段底泥中的汞进行了测定。本方法设备简单,不需专门仪器,重现性好,便于基层单位推广应用。     

流动注射离子选择电极法自动测定阳离子交换树脂交换容量的研究

基于流动注射离子选择电极法(FIA-ISE)测定痕量Na 原理,建立了一种能自动测定阳离子交换树脂各种交换性能的方法,对影响阳阳离子交换树脂交换容量的各种因素进行考察,筛选出凝胶型强阳离子交换树脂(SACR)交换性能测定的最佳条件:微型交换柱内径3.0mm、长80mm;树脂填充量0.1951g;再生剂HCl浓度为3.0%,其流速为0.90mL/min(7.64m/h),再生剂耗量350mL/g(干树脂);样品为20mg/LNa 溶液,其流速为1.50mL/min;实现了一次测定同时获得SACR的工作交换容量、平衡交换容量、全交换容量、交换速率和树脂利用率。与ASTM法进行对照实验,其结果相关性良好(r=0.9922)。     

GC-MS监测生活饮用水输配水管材及防护材料中溶出的挥发性有机物

我国的生活饮用水行业中,目前常使用的管材分为金属类管材和非金属类管材两种。由于金属类管材本身的化学特性,行业内必须在此类管材的内壁上进行防腐处理,通常采用一些高分子防腐涂料。可用于给水行业的涂料品种繁多,涂料质量好坏直接影响到水质。我们针对一些常用产品作了浸泡试验,用吹扫捕集-GC-MS方法对水中溶出的可挥发性有机物进行了检测,发现一些产品在水中溶出了大量的甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、甲乙苯等苯系物,且浸泡30d后仍有溶出物。这些物质长期存在会导致人体中枢神经系统紊乱,严重危害人体健康。行业内关于水源水中此类有机物污染的监测比较充分,而对于防护涂料可能污染水质的状况并未引起足够重视。     

大气悬浮微粒中铋的电位溶出法测定

铋是一种毒性物质,国外大气悬浮微粒中铋的测定多采用光谱法如氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法。电位溶出法仪器简单、易于推广。利用溶液通氮除氧降低氧化剂浓度来提高电位溶出分析的灵敏度具有分析时间长、操作不方便、由于惰性气体引入增加了造成污染机会等缺点。本文实验发现:在盐酸介质中加入硫氰酸钾后,溶液不通氮除氧,铋的电位溶出波有数量级增加;甲基紫的存在能使其溶出波形大大改善。利用HCl-KSCN-甲基紫体系测定铋具有简单、灵敏等特点。     

珊瑚中硼的分离及其同位素组成的测定

介绍了用硼特效树脂和阴、阳混合离子交换树脂相结合进行珊瑚中硼的分离和纯化方法，满足了正热电离质谱法测定硼同位素的要求，并且对几个珊瑚样品进行了硼的分离和硼同位素组成的测定，结果满意，为研究珊瑚中的硼同位素示踪古海洋环境变化提供了可能。     

阴极溶出伏安法测定氰化物的研究

本文报道了一种在悬汞电极上用阴极溶出伏安法间接测定痕量氰化物的方法.当氰离子存在时,硫化汞溶出峰受到明显的抑制。根据溶出峰的降低,可以定量地测定氰离子.在硼酸钠介质中,硫代乙酰胺在电位-0.95V附近出现硫化汞溶出峰,峰高的降低值与氰离子浓度在l0^-6～10^-8M范围内有线性关系.检测下限可达2.0×l0^-8M,相当于0.5ppb.采用本文提出的铵型阳离子交换树脂处理水样,可以不经蒸馏,简便快速地测定工业废水和环境水中的痕量氰化物.     

铋（Ⅲ）—二甲酚橙配合物吸附溶出伏安法的研究

有关二甲酚橙的极谱性能及用其测定铕已进行过研究。但未见Bi(Ⅲ)-二甲酚橙配合物吸附溶出伏安分析法的报道。本文提出在pH 5的柠檬酸钠-盐酸介质中,形成铋(Ⅲ)-二甲酚橙(XO)配合物吸附富集的溶出伏安法,研究了配合物线性扫描伏安特性,确定了配合物组成比及在汞电极表面的吸附量;确定了吸附等温线模式、吸附自由能。说明该体系可进行开路富集,用拟定的方法测定了生物样品中痕量铋,结果满意.方法特点是测定铋的浓度范围宽,选择性好,灵敏度高。     

Exchange characteristics of monocarboxylic acids and monosulfonic acids onto anion-exchange resins

In the previous paper (N. Kanazawa, K. Urano, N. Kokado, Y. Urushigawa, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 238 (2001) 196), the equilibria of propionic acid and benzoic acid adsorption onto three anion-exchange resins were investigated, and an equation was proposed that summed of the physical adsorption of the carboxylic acid molecule and the ion exchange of the dissociated carboxylate ion. The ion exchange equation, including a selectivity coefficient to chloride ion for each combination between carboxylate ions and anion-exchange resins, could be used in wide ranges of concentration and pH. In this research, ion-exchange equilibria using 16 anion-exchange resins and 9 organic acids including monocarboxylic and monosulfonic acids were investigated. It could be confirmed that the proposed equation applied to the ion exchange with these monoorganic acids. Characteristics of ion exchange between the organic anions and anion exchange were also studied by the selectivity coefficients.     

非酸催化合成己二酸酯

本文利用大孔阳离子交换树脂，ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛，锆酸酯为催化剂，合成了己二酸酯。对影响反应的因素进行了讨论，酯收率在９０％以上。     

Solid-state storage of Ag nanoparticles in anion exchange resin beads and their recovery

This paper reports the idea and describes a method of reversible storage and recovery of silver nanoparticles (NPs) in anion exchange resin beads based on the principle of ion exchange. We also report that similar exchange of NPs was not possible with cation exchange resins. The Ag NPs were stored by simple exchange of anions of the resins, which were activated with OH- and NO3- ions. FTIR spectroscopic measurements support that the Ag NPs were exchanged with NO3- ions in the resins. The so-stored NPs could be regenerated by addition of NaBH4 solution to the resins. These NPs were recovered and subsequently utilized for catalytic reduction of an organic dye (eosin). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicated storage of the NPs in the form of various oxides of silver in the resin, with the peak value of intensity corresponding to XRD of the NPs not changing with time. Scanning electron microscopic measurements show that the NPs in the beads were stable for over a month without the formation of any apparent agglomeration.     

Preparation of ion exchange resins from carbonaceous adsorbents

Carbonaceous adsorbents are obtained by thermolysis of sulfonated macroreticular polystyrene ion exchange resins at 300-500°C. The hard, spherical, carbonaceous particles react exothermally with elemental chlorine to form products containing up to 38% Cl. The chlorinated particles react readily with polyamines to form anion exchange resins with capacities of up to 2.2 meq/g dry resin. Less than 60% of the nitrogen atoms in the particles are utilized as ion exchange sites. The carbonaceous particles can also be chloromethylated with chloromethyl methyl ether or chlorinated with sulfuryl chloride and then aminated with polyamines to form anion exchange resins, sulfonated with sulfuric acid or chlorosulfonic acid to form strongly acidic cation exchange resins, or chlorosulfonated and then aminated with polyamines to form anion exchange resins. Model structures of the thermolyzed resins containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fragments are proposed to explain their chemical reactivities.     

Tetracarbonyl cobaltate ion supported on anion exchangers as a new heterogenized homogeneous catalyst: synthesis of acids and esters from organic halides

Catalysts consisting of tetracarbonyl cobaltate anion supported on commercially available anion exchange resins are readily prepared. Carbonylation of organic halides using this heterogenized catalyst leads either to acids or esters depending on the conditions. Some features of this catalytic system and the possible reaction mechanism are discussed.     

Evaluation of anion exchange resins for plutonium-uranium separations in nitric acid

Pellicular, macroreticular and microreticular (gel-type) anion exchange resins were compared for the separation of plutonium from nitric acid solutions of mixed plutonium-uranium. AS Pellionex SAX (pellicular resin) and Amberlite IRA-93 (weak base macroreticular anion exchange resin) were found to have better uranium washing and plutonium eluting characteristics than any of the resins tested. However, the capacity of the pellicular resin was much lower than the other resins.     

Evaluation of anion exchange resins Tulsion A-30 and Indion-930A by application of radioanalytical technique

Radioanalytical technique using ¹³¹I and ⁸²Br was employed to evaluate organic based anion exchange resins Tulsion A-30 and Indion-930A. The evaluation was based on performance of these resins during iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. It was observed that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction by using Tulsion A-30 resin, the values of specific reaction rate (min^?1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and logK _d were 0.238, 0.477, 0.114, and 11.0, respectively, which was higher than 0.155, 0.360, 0.056, and 7.3, respectively as that obtained by using Indion-930A resins under identical experimental conditions of 40.0°C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 M labeled iodide ion solution. Also at a constant temperature of 40.0°C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases 0.001 to 0.004 M, for Tulsion A-30 resins the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 59.0 to 65.1%, and from 46.4 to 48.8% for Indion-930A resins under identical experimental conditions. The identical trend was observed for both the resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The overall results indicate that under identical experimental conditions, Tulsion A-30 show superior performance over Indion-930A resins. The results of present experimental work have demonstrated that the radioanalytical technique used here can be successfully applied for characterization of different ion exchange resins so as to evaluate their performance under various process parameters.     

离子交换法从发酵液中提取谷氨酰胺工艺研究

本文系统地研究了７３２树脂和Ｄ３０１树脂对发酵液中谷氨酰胺的静态和动态吸附性能及影响因素，并对洗脱条件进行了研究。实验结果表明，在阳离子交换柱上有效地降低了谷氨酰胺向谷氨酸的转化，在阴离子交换柱上谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸实现彻底分离，谷氨酰胺的总收率达５６．６％。     

Friedel-Crafts酰基化法制备聚苯乙烯型阴离子交换树脂

提出了一种合成聚苯乙烯型阴离子交换树脂的新方法：通过Ｆｒｉｅｄｅｌ－Ｃｒａｆｔｓ酰基化反应在交联聚苯乙烯上引入乙酰基，然后经溴化、胺化反应制备阴离子交换树脂。该方法避免了使用氯甲醚等致癌物质，并消除了二次交联等副反应。讨论了溶剂，催化剂，试剂和反应温度及时间等因素对各步反应的影响。测定了产物的基本性能并对所得结果进行了讨论。