Low-temperature and solution-processable inorganic hole injection layer for flexible quantum-dot light-emitting diodes

A low-temperature solution-processable inorganic vanadium oxide (V₂O₅) hole injection layer (HIL) was synthesized for flexible quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Efficient hole injection characteristics were observed in the hole-only devices; furthermore, the process temperature of V₂O₅ was as low as 30 °C. We investigated the source of the efficient hole injection behavior using ultraviolet and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The density of gap states was found to increase in accordance with process temperature reduction. Therefore, QLEDs with low-temperature solution-processable V₂O₅ HILs were fabricated on a glass substrate, which showed excellent characteristics. The maximum luminance and luminous efficiency of the device were 56,717 Cd/m² and 4.03 Cd/A, respectively. Due to the low-temperature process of the V₂O₅ HIL, it was also possible to fabricate QLEDs on a flexible plastic substrate without mechanical or thermal deformation of the substrate. Our results suggest that the low-temperature V₂O₅ inorganic HIL is a feasible alternative to organic HILs for flexible QLEDs.     

Resistive switching behaviors of Cu/TaOx/TiN device with combined oxygen vacancy/copper conductive filaments

Forming-free and self-compliant bipolar resistive switching is observed in Cu/TaO_x/TiN conductive bridge random access memory. Generally, Pt has been investigated as an inert electrode. However, Pt is not desirable material in current semiconductor industry for mass production. In this study, all electrodes are adapted to complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible materials. The self-compliant resistive switching is achieved via usage of TiN bottom electrode. Also, dissolved Cu ions in TaO_x lead to forming-free resistive switching behavior. The resistive switching mechanism is formation and rupture of combined oxygen vacancy/metallic copper conductive filament. We propose that Cu/TaO_x/TiN is a promising candidate for a conductive bridge random access memory structure.     

Improved resistive switching performance in Cu-cation migrated MoS2 based ReRAM device incorporated with tungsten nitride bottom electrode

The resistive switching characteristics of sputtered deposited molybdenum disulphide (MoS₂) thin film has been investigated in Cu/MoS₂/W₂N stack configuration for Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM) application. The benefits of incorporating tungsten nitride (W₂N) as a bottom electrode material were demonstrate by stability in operating voltages, good endurance (10³ cycles) and long non-volatile retention (10³?s) characteristics. Resistive switching properties in Cu/MoS₂/W₂N structure are induced by the formation/disruption of Cu conducting filaments in MoS₂ thin film. Ohmic law and space charge limited current (SCLC) are observed as dominant conduction mechanism in low resistance state (LRS) and high resistance state (HRS) respectively. This study suggests the application of MoS₂ thin films with W₂N bottom electrode for next generation non-volatile ReRAM application.     

Light-induced negative differential resistance effect in a resistive switching memory device

The negative differential resistance (NDR) effect was observed in a Pt/BiFeO₃/TiO₂/BiFeO₃/Pt memory cell by using light-illumination as extra stimulation. Further, the coexistence appearances and gradually becomes obvious when the device is exposed to light-illumination, which display an excellent stability and reversibility of the coexistence of NDR and resistive switching (RS) at room temperature. Through analysis of the physical conduction mechanism, it is expected that a large number of photo-generated charge carriers are induced under light-illumination on the surface and interface of the heterojunction is responsible for the appearance of this coexistence phenomenon. Importantly, the NDR effect is strengthened by the competition transfer of charge carrier in the polarized electric field under light-illumination. This work shows that the coexistence of light-modulated NDR and RS can deeply explore the potential applications of light-controlled multifunctional devices.     

Control of device performances of phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes by managing charge transport properties of host materials

Interlayer-free phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes (PHWOLEDs) with a mixed-host emitting structure in red emitting layer were developed and device performances were investigated according to the host composition in the red emitting layer. Device performances could be effectively managed by a simple change of host materials in the red emitting layer. A high quantum efficiency was obtained in PHWOLEDs with electron transport-type host in the red emitting layer and red emission was strong in PHWOLEDs with mixed-host in the red emitting layer. In addition, stable color performances were obtained in electron transport-type host rich devices.     

利用发光层梯度掺杂改善顶发射白光有机发光二极管光谱的稳定性

在具有顶发射结构的白光有机发光二极管(TWOLED)中, 稳定的纯白光比较难以实现. 本文在蓝光/红光/蓝光三发光层基础上, 进一步采用了红光层梯度掺杂的方式提高TWOLED的性能. 制备了一系列的梯度掺杂器件, 通过与均匀掺杂器件的对比, 详细分析了梯度掺杂对发光层中载流子漂移以及激子扩散的影响, 解释了白光稳定性提高的物理机理. 此外, 顶发射器件中的微腔效应也是影响白光光谱的一个重要因素, 本文利用微腔理论计算分析了微腔共振对器件光谱的影响.     

All-optical polarization switching based on Bragg-spaced quantum dots layers

One kind of Bragg-spaced all-optical switching has been proposed in this paper, and the quantum dots ensembles are used in it as active layers. By one-dimensional photonic crystal theory and transmission matrix method, we have studied the reflectivity stop band and switching effect based on the ac Stark effect. The reflectivity stop band of this switch can be suppressed or recovered, and the circular dichroism and birefringence are induced by a circle-polarized control light, which result in a significant polarization switching effect. This switching structure shows great advantages of lower requirement of pump light intensity, larger contrast ratio than that of Bragg-spaced quantum wells with the same period, especially this switching can be used at room temperature theoretically. So we predict that there are prodigious prospects for its using in high speed optical communications as all-optical switching.     

大功率GaN基发光二极管等效串联电阻的功率耗散及其对发光效率的影响

由于自加热效应的存在,大功率GaN基发光二极管(LED)的芯片温度有可能高出环境温度很多,实验中,芯片温度超出环境高达147 K.从实验测量的大功率LED电流电压特性曲线中,将p-n结和等效串联电阻上的电压降落分离出来,得到了大功率LED等效串联电阻随芯片温度的变化情况.在输入电功率自加热效应的影响下,大功率GaN基LED等效串联电阻呈现出剧烈的变化,其阻值由低输入功率时的1.2 Ω降低到0.9 Ω,然后再升高到1.9 Ω,等效串联电阻的功率耗散在输入功率中所占的比例也随着输入功率的增加迅速增加,最高时接 关键词： 自加热 等效串联电阻 发光二极管 流明效率     

大功率GaN基发光二极管等效串联电阻的功率耗散及其对发光效率的影响

由于自加热效应的存在，大功率GaN基发光二极管(LED)的芯片温度有可能高出环境温度很多，实验中，芯片温度超出环境高达147 K.从实验测量的大功率LED电流电压特性曲线中，将p-n结和等效串联电阻上的电压降落分离出来，得到了大功率LED等效串联电阻随芯片温度的变化情况.在输入电功率自加热效应的影响下，大功率GaN基LED等效串联电阻呈现出剧烈的变化，其阻值由低输入功率时的1.2 Ω降低到0.9 Ω,然后再升高到1.9 Ω，等效串联电阻的功率耗散在输入功率中所占的比例也随着输入功率的增加迅速增加，最高时接     

Enhanced resistance switching stability of transparent ITO/TiO2/ITO sandwiches

We report that fully transparent resistive random access memory(TRRAM) devices based on ITO/TiO2/ITO sandwich structure,which are prepared by the method of RF magnetron sputtering,exhibit excellent switching stability.In the visible region(400-800 nm in wavelength) the TRRAM device has a transmittance of more than 80%.The fabricated TRRAM device shows a bipolar resistance switching behaviour at low voltage,while the retention test and rewrite cycles of more than 300,000 indicate the enhancement of switching capability.The mechanism of resistance switching is further explained by the forming and rupture processes of the filament in the TiO 2 layer with the help of more oxygen vacancies which are provided by the transparent ITO electrodes.