具有凸缘加劲肋圆孔的应力分析

本文讨论无限平面内具有凸缘加劲肋圆孔的应力分析问题。所谓凸缘加劲肋系指孔周用型钢或其他形状的构件加劲,进行应力分析时难以将其视为板的一部分来处理的加劲肋。文中讨论了两种荷载情形:一为薄板在无限远点处应力σ_X(∞),σ_Y(∞)及τ_XY(∞)的作用;另一为薄板受线性应力的作用。分析方法是:将加劲肋视为圆形杆件,把加劲肋与薄板间相互作用之径向力q₀(θ)及切向力t₀(θ)表示成三角级数,分别求出加劲肋轴线之位移与具有圆孔薄板孔周之位移,利用加劲肋与薄板孔周变形一致的变形协调条件,确定径向力q₀(θ)及切向力t₀(θ),从而得到加劲肋及薄板之位移和内力的算式。     

环肋加劲圆柱壳在静水压力作用下的初始后屈曲分析

本文用Koiter理论分析环肋加劲圆柱壳在静水压力作用下的后屈曲性能.前屈曲状态采用与边界条件一致的非线性有矩方程,本征值问题的解用伽辽金方法求出,得到的临界载荷与经典线性解作了比较.具体计算了三种不同环肋参数的外肋加劲圆柱壳.结果表明,肋的强弱不仅显著影响临界载荷值,同时也改变了柱壳的缺陷敏感度.     

具有四条裂纹的圆形孔口问题的应力分析

利用复变函数的方法,通过构造保角映射研究了具有四条裂纹(一对非对称共线裂纹和一对对称共线裂纹)的圆形孔口的平面弹性问题,给出了裂纹尖端应力强度因子的解析解.并由此模拟出了具有三条裂纹、对称四条裂纹、非对称共线双裂纹、对称共线双裂纹的圆形孔口,以及非对称十字裂纹,十字裂纹,T形裂纹问题.     

裂纹间作用机制探讨及微裂纹区对主裂纹的作用效应研究

采用迭加原理和Kachanov提出的简化方法,研究了裂纹间的相互作用机理,分析了不同裂纹布置形式所产生的增强或屏蔽效应,发现当微裂纹沿着或垂直于最大拉应力方向布置时都不产生最大的作用效应,这有别于Ortiz的结论．还探讨了混凝土类材料的微裂纹的产生机制及微裂纹区对主裂纹尖端产生的作用效应,得出微裂纹区对主裂纹是起增强的作用,增强程度随微裂纹密度和微裂纹长度的增大而增大的结论．     

反平面裂纹在裂纹自由表面附近的弹塑性分析

裂纹自由面附近的弹塑性场和弹塑性边界是裂纹弹塑性分析的重要内容,但现有的方法难以对其进行有效描述．该文发展了裂纹线场分析方法的研究思路,将裂纹面视为裂纹线的拓展部分,对理想弹塑性Ⅲ型裂纹进行了裂纹面附近弹塑性场的分析,得出了裂纹面附近弹塑性应力场、塑性区长度和弹塑性边界的单位法向量．分析结果表明,可放弃传统的小范围屈服条件．     

含曲线裂纹圆柱扭转问题的新边界元法

研究含曲线裂纹圆柱的Saint-Venant扭转,将问题化归为裂纹上边界积分方程的求解．利用裂纹尖端的奇异元和线性元插值模型,给出了扭转刚度和应力强度因子的边界元计算公式．对圆弧裂纹、曲折裂纹以及直线裂纹的典型问题进行了数值计算,并与用Gauss-Chebyshev求积法计算的直裂纹情形结果进行了比较,证明了方法的有效性和正确性．     

考虑表面效应时孔边均布径向多裂纹Ⅲ型断裂力学分析

理论研究了纳米尺度孔边均布径向多裂纹的Ⅲ型断裂性能.基于Gurtin-Murdoch表面弹性理论和保角映射技术,获得了孔和裂纹应力场的解析解,给出了裂纹尖端应力强度因子的闭合解.基于解答分析了应力强度因子的尺寸效应,讨论了裂纹数量、裂纹/孔径比和缺陷表面性能对应力强度因子的影响.结果表明:当孔和裂纹尺寸在纳米量级时,无量纲应力强度因子具有显著的尺寸效应;应力强度因子随裂纹数量的变化规律受裂纹/孔径比的影响;裂纹/孔径比对应力强度因子的影响受到缺陷表面性能的制约,同时表面性能对应力强度因子的影响也受限于裂纹/孔径比;表面效应对应力强度因子的影响与裂纹数量无关.     

各向异性材料动态裂纹扩展特性和动态应力强度因子

基于各向异性材料力学,研究了无限大各向异性材料中Ⅲ型裂纹的动态扩展问题．裂纹尖端的应力和位移被表示为解析函数的形式,解析函数可以表达为幂级数的形式,幂级数的系数由边界条件确定．确定了Ⅲ型裂纹的动态应力强度因子的表达式,得到了裂纹尖端的应力分量、应变分量和位移分量．裂纹扩展特性由裂纹扩展速度M和参数alpha反映,裂纹扩展越快,裂纹尖端的应力分量和位移分量越大;参数alpha对裂纹尖端的应力分量和位移分量有重要影响．     

含裂纹的圆柱体的弯曲

含裂纹的圆柱体弯曲的研究有十分重要的意义。文献[1]～[4]研究过含径向裂纹或裂纹系的情形,[5]研究过有同心圆弧裂纹的圆柱体的弯曲。本文继续[6]对内部出现在任意位置的直线裂纹的圆柱体在力与裂纹垂直时的弯曲问题,用弹性理论复变函数方法进行了讨论;得到了位移、应力和应力强度因子用级数表示的表达式;对Ah小的这种弯曲问题的应力强度因子给出了好的近似式,分析了它们随裂纹中心的变化规律。最后对裂纹的一个尖端在原点的径向裂纹圆柱体的扭转率和弯曲中心进行了计算,其结果与[1]几乎完全相同。     

Ⅲ型弹粘塑性/刚性界面裂纹的定常扩展裂尖场

考虑裂纹尖端的奇异性和粘性效应,建立了双材料界面扩展裂纹尖端的弹粘塑性控制方程．引入界面裂纹尖端的位移势函数和边界条件,对刚性-弹粘塑性界面Ⅲ型界面裂纹进行了数值分析,求得了界面裂纹尖端应力应变场,并讨论了界面裂纹尖端场随各影响参数的变化规律．计算结果表明,粘性效应是研究界面扩展裂纹尖端场时的一个主要因素,界面裂纹尖端为弹粘性场,其场受材料的粘性系数、Mach数和奇异性指数控制．     

On subcritical development of a shear crack in a composite with viscoelastic components

We present results of an investigation of the development of a transverse shear crack in a composite material with linearly viscoelastic components under external shear load. The solution is divided into the following two main stages: determination of the time dependence of the crack tip opening displacement and determination of the crack-growth kinetics as a result of the solution of integral equations. In the first stage, we use the solution of the corresponding elastic problem of determination of the crack opening displacement and the problem of determination of the effective moduli of the composite reinforced with unidirectional discrete fibers. Using the theoretically proved principle of elasto-viscoelastic analogy and the method of Laplace inverse transformation, we obtain a solution in a time domain. In the second stage, using the criterion of critical crack opening displacement for a transverse shear crack and an equation for the viscoelastic crack opening displacement of this crack, we construct an equation of crack growth. We present results of the numerical solution, which illustrate the influence of relations between the relaxation parameters of the materials of the components on the durability of the body with a crack.     

中心裂纹夹紧矩形板的拉伸*

本文利用单裂纹基本解及无限板条的Fourier变换解,将含有中心裂纹的夹紧矩形板的拉伸问题,化归为解一组奇异积分方程,进而使用Gauss-Jacobi求积公式,计算了中心裂纹的应力强度因子及夹紧边的法向应力,在应力强度因子表中还作了数值结果比较.     

The equilibrium problem for a Timoshenko-type shallow shell containing a through crack

Under study is the nonlinear equilibrium problem for an elastic Timoshenko-type shallow shell containing a through crack. Some boundary conditions in the form of inequalities are imposed on the curve defining the crack. We establish the unique solvability of the variational statement of the nonlinear problem of the equilibrium of a shell. We prove that, for sufficient smoothness of the solution, the initial variational statement is equivalent to the differential formulation of the problem. We deduce the boundary conditions on the inner boundary that describes the crack. In the case of the zero opening of the crack, we prove the local infinite differentiability of the solution function with additional assumptions on the functions defining the curvatures of the shell and the external loads.     

Laplace equation in a domain with a rectilinear crack: higher order derivatives of the energy with respect to the crack length

We consider the weak solution of the Laplace equation in a planar domain with a straight crack, prescribing a homogeneous Neumann condition on the crack and a nonhomogeneous Dirichlet condition on the rest of the boundary. For every k we express the k-th derivative of the energy with respect to the crack length in terms of a finite number of coefficients of the asymptotic expansion of the solution near the crack tip and of a finite number of other parameters, which only depend on the shape of the domain.     

Shape sensitivity of a plane crack front

The 3D‐elasticity model of a solid with a plane crack under the stress‐free boundary conditions at the crack is considered. We investigate variations of a solution and of energy functionals with respect to perturbations of the crack front in the plane. The corresponding expansions at least up to the second‐order terms are obtained. The strong derivatives of the solution are constructed as an iterative solution of the same elasticity problem with specified right‐hand sides. Using the expansion of the potential and surface energy, we consider an approximate quadratic form for local shape optimization of the crack front defined by the Griffith criterion. To specify its properties, a procedure of discrete optimization is proposed, which reduces to a matrix variational inequality. At least for a small load we prove its solvability and find a quasi‐static model of the crack growth depending on the loading parameter. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

圆形孔口裂纹的反平面剪切问题的解析解

利用复变函数方法,通过构造保角映射,研究了带裂纹的圆形孔口的反平面剪切问题,给出了Ⅲ型裂纹问题的应力强度因子.在极限情形下,求得Griffith裂纹在裂纹尖端处应力强度因子,这与已有的结果完全一致.最后数值算例给出了半经和裂纹长度对应力强度因子的影响.     

Controlling the shape of a crack in an elastic body under the condition of a possible contact of edges

Under consideration is a homogeneous three-dimensional body with a crack in the form of a smooth surface. We impose some inequality constraints on the crack edges that describe their mutual nonpenetration. According to the Griffith criterion, the crack begins to propagate when the derivative of the energy functional with respect to the virtual increment of the crack surface area reaches a certain critical value. The value of this derivative depends, in particular, on the crack shape. The crack shape is determined that minimizes the value of the derivative of the energy functional; more precisely, the existence of a solution to the corresponding optimal control problem is proved.     

Separation of a surface crack in a spherical shell taking account of elastic deformation

We give the statement and solution of the problem of limiting equilibrium of a spherical shell weakened by a surface crack. We study the dependence of the separation of the edges of the crack on the geometric and physical parameters of the shell.     

Analysis of a mode-III crack in the presence of surface elasticity and a prescribed non-uniform surface traction

We consider an elastic solid incorporating a mode-III crack in which the crack faces incorporate the effects of surface elasticity and are further subjected to prescribed non-uniform surface tractions. The surface elasticity is modelled using the continuum-based model of Gurtin and Murdoch. Using complex variable techniques, the corresponding problem is reduced to the solution of a first order Cauchy singular integro-differential equation which, in turn, leads to the complete solution of the aforementioned crack problem valid everywhere in the domain of interest (including at the crack tip). Finally, we note that, as a particular case of our analysis, the classical decomposition of a mode-III crack problem in linear elasticity continues to hold even in the presence of surface elasticity.