Phosphinofenchol or metastable phosphorane? Phosphorus derivatives of fenchol

Not the expected phosphinofenchol 1 but phosphorane 2 is obtained after reaction of 2-lithio(diphenylphosphino)benzene with (-)-fenchone. Surprisingly, ONIOM(B3LYP/6-31G*:UFF) computations of 1 and 2 as well as B3LYP analyses of smaller model systems point to a lower thermodynamic stability of phosphoranes relative to their isomeric alkoxyphosphines. An analogue inherent instability is computed for the methylphosphorane 10, which is also synthesized and characterized by X-ray analysis. Decreasing ring size in cyclic phosphoranes, that is, from five- to four-membered ring systems, destabilizes cyclic phosphoranes even more. This computational prediction is verified experimentally by reaction of lithiomethyl(diphenylphosphine) with (-)-fenchone and subsequent isolation of the corresponding phosphinofenchol. Protonation or alkylation of phosphoranide intermediates can account for the formation of metastable phosphoranes.     

Phosphonous acid dichlorides and tricyclic phosphoranes from hexafluoro- and trifluoropentane-2,4-dione

1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoro-2-hydroxy-2-pentene-4-one reacted diastereospecifically with phosphonous acid di-chlorides, RPCl₂ (R = Me, Et, iPr, tBu, Me₃SiCH₂, PhCH₂, Ph) to give in a concerted mechanism thermally stable tricyclic λ⁵σ⁵P phosphoranes containing two five- and one six-membered ring. In one case, hydrolysis gave 3,5-dihydroxy-2-oxo-1,2λ⁵σ⁴-oxaphosphalane, whereas methanol added to the double bond in the six-membered ring furnishing two isomeric phosphoranes. When 1,1,1-trifluro-2-hydroxy-2-pentene-4-one was reacted with RPCl₂ (R = Et, Me₃SiCH₂, PhCH₂, Ph), diastereomerically pure regioisomeric phosphoranes were obtained. The solid-state molecular structures of three λ⁵σ⁵P species exhibited two oxygen atoms in the axial position of a slightly distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry at phosphorus. Surprisingly, the two CF₃ groups bonded to an sp³-hybridized carbon were in a cisoid arrangement, having closest nonbonding F · · · F distances of 301.4 or 273.5 pm. These findings reflect the “through-space” F-F coupling constants of the tricyclic phosphoranes (J_FF = 4.0–7.0 Hz) in solution. The solid-state structure of the phospholane revealed the two hydroxy groups to be directed to one side of the five-membered ring. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 9:173–181, 1998     

Pyranderivate durch [4+2]-cycloaddition zwischen α,β-ungesättigten carbonylverbindungen und phosphacumulenyliden

δ,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds 1 and phosphacumulene ylides 2 undergo a [4+2]-cycloaddition with formation of pyran-substituted phosphoranes 3. Benzoic acid catalysed Hofmann degradation of 3 yields the deeply coloured pyran derivatives 5.     

Reaction of 2-trifluoromethyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one derivatives with carboethoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane

Treatment of a series of 2-trifluoromethyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one derivatives 1 with carboethoxymethyl-enetriphenylphosphorane 2 yielded the phosphoranes 3 in boiling toluene solution. Thermolysis of these phosphoranes 3 gave esters 6.     

Experimental determination of the nN --> sigma*P-O interaction energy of O-equatorial C-apical phosphoranes bearing a primary amino group

The reaction of a chlorophosphorane (9-Cl) with primary amines produced anti-apicophilic spirophosphoranes (5, O-equatorial phosphoranes), which violate the apicophilicity concept, having an apical carbon-equatorial oxygen configuration, along with the ordinarily expected O-apical stereoisomers (6) with the apical oxygen-equatorial carbon configuration. Although the amino group is electronegative in nature, the O-equatorial phosphoranes were found to be stable at room temperature and could still be converted to their more stable O-apical pseudorotamers (6) when they were heated in solution. X-ray analysis implied that this remarkable stability of the O-equatorial isomers could be attributed to the orbital interaction between the lone-pair electrons of the nitrogen atom (n(N)) and the antibonding sigma(P-O) orbital in the equatorial plane. A kinetic study of the isomerization of 5 to 6 and that between diastereomeric O-apical phosphoranes 13b-exo and 13b-endo revealed that 5b bearing an n-propylamino substituent at the central phosphorus atom was found to be less stable than the corresponding isomeric 6b by ca. 7.5 kcal mol(-1). This value was smaller than the difference in energy (11.9 kcal mol(-1)) between the O-equatorial (1b) and the O-apical n-butylphosphorane (2b) by 4.4 kcal mol(-1). This value of 4.4 kcal mol(-1) can be regarded as the stabilization energy induced by the n(N) --> sigma(P-O) interaction. The experimentally determined value was in excellent agreement with that derived from density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3PW91 level (4.0 kcal mol(-1)) between the nonsubstituted aminophosphoranes (5g is less stable than 6g by 10.1 kcal mol(-1)) and their P-methyl-substituted counterparts (1a is less stable than 2a by 14.1 kcal mol(-1)).     

Diastereoselective Synthesis of Phosphines and Phosphoranes using Fluorinated Acetylacetones

Abstract

A two step formal insertion of 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro- (1) and l,l,l - trifluoropentane-2,4-dione (2) into the P-H bonds of phosphane gave the primary a-hydroxyphosphanes. precursors for 2-phospha-6-oxa-9- oxabicyclo[3.3.1]-nonane and 2,4,8-trioxa-6-phospha-adamantane, both formed diastereospecifically. The molecular structures of the two latter compounds were established by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Compound 1 reacted diastereospecifically with phosphonous acid dichlorides, RPCl₂ (R = Me, Et, iPr, tBu, Me₃SiCH₂, PhCH₂, Ph) to give in a concerted mechanism thermally stable tricyclicλ⁵σ⁵ P phosphoranes containing two five- and one six-membered ring. In one case hydrolysis gave 3,5-dihydroxy-2-oxo-1,2λ⁵σ⁴-oxaphospholane, whereas methanol added to the double bond in the six-membered ring furnishing two isomeric phosphoranes. When 2 was reacted withRPCl₂ (R = Et, Me₃SiCH₂, PhCH₂. Ph), diastereomerically pure regioisomeric phosphoranes were obtained. The solid state molecular structures of three λ⁵σ⁵P species exhibited two oxygen atoms in the axial position of a slightly distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry at phosphorus.     

Reaktionen des 2,4,6-tri-tert.-butylphenyl[bis(trimethylsilyl)methylen]phosphans

The reaction of phosphaalkene 1 with ozone, sulfur and selenium yields the phosphoranes 2, 3 and 4. The methylene halogene substituted phosphaalkene 5 is formed with bromine. The bipyramidal iron carbonyl complexes 8 and 9 are obtained by reaction of 1 and 7 with Fe₂ (CO)₉.     

Synthesis and X-Ray Analysis of New Spirophosphoranes

Abstract

2- and 3-hydroxyalkyliminophosphoranes and their valencetautomeric pentacoordinated phosphoranes are deprotonated by KH to give anionic pentacoordinated phosphoranes. Upon methylation the latter are converted into N-methyl derivatives. The geometries of these compounds are determined by X-ray analysis and n.m.r. spectroscopy.     

Formation of the cage-like phosphoranes with the P-C and P-N bonds in the reactions of 2-(2-benzylidenamino)phenoxy-4-tert-butylbenzo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphol with ethyl mesoxalate and ethyl trifluoropyruvate

The reaction of 2-(2-benzylidenamino)phenoxy-4-tert-butylbenzo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphol with ethyl mesoxalate and ethyl trifluoropyruvate resulted in the formation of tricyclic phosphoranes with the P-C and P-N bonds. The adduct emerged from the initial reaction of the P^III derivative with the activated ketone (1: 1), further underwent the transformation via the intramolecular reaction involving the benzylideniminoaryl substituent, which resulted in the formation of the cage-like phosphoranes.     

π-SCF-MO-Berechnungen an phosphoranen

The ground state properties of three phosphoranes are calculated by use of a semiempirical π-SCF-MO-method. The resulting relative thermōdynamic stabilities are correlated with the reactivities of those phosphoranes.     

Synthesis of Tricyclic (λ5)-Phosphoranes; unusual N-demethylation/N-alkylation reactions during the oxidative addition of hexafluoroacetone and tetrachloro-ortho-benzoquinone to benzodiaza-λ3-phosphorinones. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of various products

The reaction of methylisatoic acid anhydride 1 with benzylamines led to the N-benzyl-N′-methylanthranilamide derivatives 2 – 4 . Their reaction with phosphorus trichloride furnished the 2-chloro-1-halobenzyl/benzyl-3-methyl-4(1 H)-1,3,2-benzodiazaphosphorin-4-ones 5 – 7 which, upon reaction with bis-(2-chloroethyl)ammonium chloride/triethylamine, were converted into the P-bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino-1-halobenzyl/benzyl-3-methyl-4(1 H)-1,3,2-benzodiazaphosphorin-4-ones 8 – 10 and 12 . With 2-chloroethylammonium chloride/triethyl-amine the P? NHCH₂CH₂Cl-substituted compound 11 was obtained from the P^IIICl-species 6 . The reaction of 8 – 10 and 12 with hexafluoroacetone (HFA) took an unusual course: apart from the oxidative addition of HFA and formation of the perfluoropinacolyl ring system, one of the two CH₂CH₂Cl groups was found to alkylate the CH₃N atom with formation of a five-membered (diazaphospholane) ring in the tricyclic phosphoranes 13 – 16 . The reaction of 11 with HFA also produced a spirophosphorane 17 which involved a λ⁵-oxazaphosphetidine ring system. In the reaction of 8, 10 and 12 with tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone, an oxidative addition reaction with concomitant N-alkylation and formation of the tricyclic phosphoranes 18 – 20 was found to take place. Single crystal X-ray structure determinations are described for the phosphoranes 13, 14 and 16 , and for the precursor compound 9 . The following features are common to the isostructural compounds 13 and 16 and the diethyl ether hemisolvate of 14 : the (λ⁵)-spiro phosphorus atom lies out of the plane of the other atoms of the rings to which it is common, and the dioxaphospholane rings display a twist conformation. In the λ³P-compound 9 the phosphorus atom also lies out of the plane of the other ring atoms.     

Biologically relevant phosphoranes: synthesis and structural characterization of glucofuranose-derived phosphoranes with penta- and hexacoordination at phosphorus

Carbohydrate-based phosphoranes were synthesized by reacting the appropriate diphenol with phosphorus trichloride followed by the addition of chloralose to form 1 and by the addition of isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose to form 2 and 3. Phosphorane 4 was obtained by reacting 1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranosyl-3,5,6-phosphite (13) with a diphenol. For the synthesis of 5-9, the appropriate phosphite was reacted with isopropylidene-glucofuranose. X-ray analyses of 1-9 were carried out successfully. Hexacoordinated structures resulted via oxygen donor action at phosphorus in the cases of phosphoranes 1-3 and via sulfur donor action for phosphoranes 4-6. Trigonal bipyramidal structures formed for 7-9 with the carbohydrate components occupying axial-equatorial sites. The eight-membered ring of the diphenol moiety with weak or no donor groups in 7-9 occupied diequatorial sites of the trigonal bipyramid. Solution NMR data are in agreement with the assigned solid-state structures. Isomerism between penta- and hexacoordination is present in solution for 7. The isomerism observed for 7 and our previous study showing a rapid exchange process that reorients the carbohydrate component of the trigonal bipyramidal phosphorane suggest that these biophosphoranes may serve as models for active sites of phosphoryl-transfer enzymes. At an active site, this type of pseudorotational behavior provides a mechanism that could bring another active site residue into play and account for a means by which some phosphoryl-transfer enzymes express promiscuous behavior.     

Synthesis of 5-(hydroxy-, chloro-, bromomethyl)furan-2-enones Based on Fructose and their Antioxidant Activity

Chemistry of Natural Compounds - New enones were synthesized from 5-hydroxymethylfurfurol (5-HMF) and its derivatives using Wittig reactions of various phosphoranes. The synthesized enones were...     

Self-consistent spectrophotometric basicity scale in acetonitrile covering the range between pyridine and DBU

A self-consistent spectrophotometric basicity scale in acetonitrile, including DBU, ten (arylimino)tris(1-pyrrolidinyl)phosphoranes, two (arylimino)tris(dimethylamino)phosphoranes, 2-phenyl-1,1,3, 3-tetramethylguanidine, 1-(2-tolyl)biguanide, benzylamine, two substituted benzimidazoles, pyridine, and ten substituted pyridines, has been created. The span of the scale is almost 12 pK(a) units. Altogether, 29 different bases were studied and 53 independent equilibrium constant measurements were carried out, each describing the relative basicity of two bases. The scale is anchored to the pK(a) value of pyridine of 12.33 that has been measured by Coetzee et al. Comparison of the basicity data of phenyliminophosphoranes and phenyltetramethylguanidines implies that the P=N bond in the (arylimino)tris(1-pyrrolidinyl)phosphoranes involves contribution from the ylidic (zwitterionic) structure analogous to that found in phosphorus ylides.     

Synthesis of 2-alkenyl-3-(alkoxycarbonyl)furans based on Feist-Benary cyclocondensation of (2,4-dioxobutylidene)phosphoranes with alpha-haloketones and alpha-chloracetaldehyde

3-Acyl-2-alkenylfurans were prepared by "Feist-Benary cyclocondensation" of (2,4-dioxobutylidene)phosphoranes with chloracetaldehyde and alpha-haloketones and subsequent Wittig reactions.     

第五、六族元素的有机化合物在有机合成中应用的研究——ⅩⅥ.膦、胂叶立德的X光电子能谱研究

本文报导了利用X光电子能谱(XPS)对一些膦,胂叶立德化合物的P-C键和As-C键的研究。测定了膦化合物的P 2p和胂化合物的As 3d电子的结合能量(E_b)。按改进的Pauling电负性法计算了被测原子的有效电荷。根据与三苯基膦(三苯基胂)比较的结果,讨论了结合能位移(即化学位移)与结构的关系。我们认为所测原子的E_b升高,说明它带正电荷,应是叶立德结构。又从化学位移的相对变化率不同,似乎胂化合物叶立德贡献多,而膦化合物叶仑贡献多,这与二者的化学反应活性相符     

Novel results obtained by freezing berry pseudorotation of phosphoranes (10‐P‐5)

By freezing Berry pseudorotation of spirophosphoranes with recourse to the rigidity of the Martin bidentate ligand, we successfully prepared configurationally stable enantiomeric pairs of optically active phosphoranes, and could isolate “anti‐apicophilic” C‐apical O‐equatorial (O‐cis) phosphoranes. The effect of σ*_{P O} orbital of the O‐cis phosphorane was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. O‐cis phosphoranes were revealed to be much more electrophilic at the phosphorus atom than O‐trans isomers by experimental studies. The acidity of the α‐proton of an O‐cis benzylphosphorane was found to be higher than that of the corresponding O‐trans isomer. By the reaction of the α‐carbanion of an O‐cis benzylphosphorane with PhCHO, we succeeded in the first isolation and full structural characterization of a 12‐P‐6 phosphate bearing an oxaphosphetane ring, the intermediate in the Wittig type reaction using a 10‐P‐5 phosphorane. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:390–396, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10072     

Pseudorotation barriers of biological oxyphosphoranes: a challenge for simulations of ribozyme catalysis

Pseudorotation reactions of biologically relevant oxyphosphoranes were studied by using density functional and continuum solvation methods. A series of 16 pseudorotation reactions involving acyclic and cyclic oxyphosphoranes in neutral and monoanionic (singly deprotonated) forms were studied, in addition to pseudorotation of PF5. The effect of solvent was treated by using three different solvation models for comparison. The barriers to pseudorotation ranged from 1.5 to 8.1 kcal mol(-1) and were influenced systematically by charge state, apicophilicity of ligands, intramolecular hydrogen bonding, cyclic structure and solvation. Barriers to pseudorotation for monoanionic phosphoranes occur with the anionic oxo ligand as the pivotal atom, and are generally lower than for neutral phosphoranes. The OCH3 groups were observed to be more apicophilic than OH groups, and hence pseudorotations that involve axial OCH3/equatorial OH exchange had higher reaction and activation free energy values. Solvent generally lowered barriers relative to the gas-phase reactions. These results, together with isotope 18O exchange experiments, support the assertion that dianionic phosphoranes are not sufficiently long-lived to undergo pseudorotation. Comparison of the density functional results with those from several semiempirical quantum models highlight a challenge for new-generation hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical potentials for non-enzymatic and enzymatic phosphoryl transfer reactions: the reliable modeling of pseudorotation processes.     

Nouvelles voies d'accès aux benzopyrannes. II 4H-1-benzopyrannes

The condensation of o-acyloxybenzyl bromides with phosphoranes gives chrom-2-enes.     

Synthesis, structure and isomerization of arylphosphoranes with anti-apicophilic bonding modes using a novel bidentate ligand with two C(2)F(5) groups

A series of anti-apicophilic pentacoordinate phosphoranes (with one chelating substituent in an O-equatorial, C-apical bonding mode at pentacoordinated phosphorus atom) bearing a para-substituted aryl group (-C(6)H(4)(p-X); X = H, CF(3), F, OMe) or a mesityl (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) group were isolated using a novel bulky bidentate ligand with two C(2)F(5) groups. These phosphoranes were stable to isomerization at room temperature, and quantitatively converted into the corresponding more stable isomers (O-apical) at elevated temperatures in solution. On the basis of a kinetic study, the free energy of activation (DeltaG(double dagger)) of the stereomutation of the O-equatorial mesitylphosphorane to its O-apical isomer was higher than that of the CF(3) derivative by 2.6 kcal mol(-1), giving rise to a further example of the steric effect of the C(2)F(5) group to freeze the isomerization of the pentacoordinate phosphorus compounds. Kinetic measurements of the isomerization of the O-equatorial ortho-unsubstituted derivatives (-C(6)H(4)(p-X)) to the corresponding O-apical isomers suggested that the O-equatorial isomers were stabilized by the pi --> sigma*(P-O) interaction in the ground state.