X-Ray fluorescence determination of Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb and Y in high purity gadolinium oxide

Summary An X-ray fluorescence method is described for the determination of Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb and Y in gadolinium oxide. Samples are taken in oxalate form and mixed with boric acid in the ratio 31. The mixture is pressed as a double-layer pellet. Selection of experimental parameters and choice of analysis lines is discussed. The estimation limit ranges from 0.005–1% for most of the elements.

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Röntgenfluorescenz-spektrometrische Bestimmung von Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb und Y in hochreinem Gadoliniumoxid

Zusammenfassung Bei dem vorgeschlagenen Verfahren werden die Proben in die Oxalatform übergeführt und mit Borsäure im Verhältnis 31 gemischt. Die Mischung wird zu einer Doppelschicht-Tablette gepreßt. Die Auswahl der geeigneten experimentellen Parameter sowie der Analysenlinien wird diskutiert. Die Bestimmungs-grenzen liegen für die meisten Elemente im Bereich 0,005–1%.

     

Determination of Y,Sm, Eu,Gd, Dy,Ho, Er in high purity terbium oxide by ICP-AES

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was employed to determine Y, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho and Er in high purity terbium oxide. Terbium oxide was dissolved in 0.5 mol/l HNO₃ and nebulized into the plasma generated by a 56 MHz RF generator at 1.5 kW output power. Using a Jobin-Yvon 1-m Czenry-Turner high resolution, high dispersion scanning monochromator, lines mutually interference-free as well as free of interference from the matrix Tb were chosen for the seven analytes. A set of standards containing the analytes in the concentration range 0.01–1.0 gmg/ml with 1 mg/ml Tb was used for calibration. It was necessary to apply background correction to the gross analyte line intensities in order to obtain linear calibration plots for the analytes.     

The spectrochemical determination of La,Ce, Pr,Nd, Sm,Gd and Dy in sodium rare earth sulphates

A DC-arc spectrochemical procedure is described for the analysis of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and Dy in sodium rare earth sulphates derived from monazites.     

X-ray fluorescence analysis of Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu and Gd in high purity samarium oxide

Summary An XRF method for the determination of Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu and Gd in high purity samarium oxide is described. Samples in oxalate form are mixed with boric acid in the ratio 31. About 800 mg of the mixture is pressed as a double layer pellet. Experimental parameters are selected to give maximum peak to noise ratio. The analysis lines are chosen after studying line interferences. The estimation limit ranges from 0.005% to 1% for most elements.

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Röntgenfluorescenzanalyse von Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu und Gd in Samariumoxid hoher Reinheit

Zusammenfassung Zur röntgenanalytischen Bestimmung von Spuren Seltener Erden in hochreinem Samariumoxid wird die Probe in die Oxalatform übergeführt, mit Borsäure im Verhältnis 31 gemischt und zu je 800 mg in Doppelschichttabletten (über Borsäure) gepreßt. Für ein maximales Peak/Untergrund-Verhältnis wurden die experimentellen Parameter entsprechend ausgewählt. Die benutzten Analysenlinien ergaben sich aus einer Untersuchung der Störungen. Die Erfassungsgrenze liegt zwischen 0,005% und 1%.

     

Structures of nonlinear hexagonal boratotungstates Ln3BWO9 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy)

Polycrystalline boratotungstates of composition Ln₃BWO₉ (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy) are prepared by solid-phase synthesis and structurally studied. The structures are refined using the Rietveld method for hexagonal space group P6₃ (Z = 2). The boratotungstate structures are frameworks. The rare-earth cations in the structure are coordinated by an array of nine oxygen atoms (three oxygen atoms from borato groups BO₃ and six from WO₆ polyhedra). The nature of the optical nonlinearity in the hexagonal boratotungstates Ln₃BWO₉ is a direct consequence of the acentricity of both the tungstate and the rare-earth polyhedra in the structure. Dimorphism is discovered in polycrystalline La₃BWO₉.     

Simultaneous determination of Dy, Eu, Sm and Tb by laser induced-time resolved derivative fluorescence

Summary In this paper, a highly sensitive laser fluorimetric system coupled with microcomputer is described and the laser induced fluorescence of ternary complexes formed by RE (RE = Dy, Eu, Sm, and Tb) with TFA (Trifluoroacetylacetone) and TOPO (Trioctylphosphine oxide) is studied. The emission spectra (excited at 310 nm) of the TFA/TOPO complexes of the rare earths show that the strongest emission bands are located at 560 nm for Dy, 614 nm for Eu, 644 nm for Sm, and 544 nm for Tb. Thus, it is preferable to establish the detection at these wavelengths. However, it is difficult to detect one single component with high selectivity in a mixed sample, because the emission bands in the 500–700 nm region overlap. In order to improve the selectivity, time resolved and derivative techniques are introduced. The effects of foreign ions on the determinations of these four elements are investigated. The linear relationships between derivatives and the concentrations of Dy, Eu, Sm, and Tb are 5×10^–8 to 5×10^–6 mol/l, 5×10^–10 to 1×10^–7 mol/l, 1×10^–9 to 2×10^–6 mol/l, and 2×10^–9 to 2×10^–6 mol/l, respectively. The method was used to determine simultaneously the amounts of Dy, Eu, Sm, and Tb in their mixtures and yttrium oxide without pre-separation.     

On the Perovskites Ba2LnSbO6 (Ln = Nd,Sm, Eu,Gd, Tb,Dy, Ho,Er, Yb)

Polycrystalline Ba₂LnSbO₆ (Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb) are cubic, perovskite-type compounds, space group Fm3m (No. 225), Z = 4, with a values from a = 8.544(2) Å for Ba₂NdSbO₆ to a = 8.368(1) Å for Ba₂YbSbO₆. X-ray diffraction data for all the compounds and the results of magnetic measurements for two of them are given.     

Luminescence tuning of imidazole-based lanthanide(III) complexes [Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy

To tune the lanthanide luminescence in related molecular structures, we synthesized and characterized a series of lanthanide complexes with imidazole-based ligands: two tripodal ligands, tris{[2-{(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)methylidene}amino]ethyl}amine (Me(3)L), and tris{[2-{(imidazol-4-yl)methylidene}amino]ethyl}amine (H(3)L), and the dipodal ligand bis{[2-{(imidazol-4-yl)methylidene}amino]ethyl}amine (H(2)L). The general formulas are [Ln(Me(3)L)(H(2)O)(2)](NO(3))(3)·3H(2)O (Ln = 3+ lanthanide ion: Sm (1), Eu (2), Gd (3), Tb (4), and Dy (5)), [Ln(H(3)L)(NO(3))](NO(3))(2)·MeOH (Ln(3+) = Sm (6), Eu (7), Gd (8), Tb (9), and Dy (10)), and [Ln(H(2)L)(NO(3))(2)(MeOH)](NO(3))·MeOH (Ln(3+) = Sm (11), Eu (12), Gd (13), Tb (14), and Dy (15)). Each lanthanide ion is 9-coordinate in the complexes with the Me(3)L and H(3)L ligands and 10-coordinate in the complexes with the H(2)L ligand, in which counter anion and solvent molecules are also coordinated. The complexes show a screw arrangement of ligands around the lanthanide ions, and their enantiomorphs form racemate crystals. Luminescence studies have been carried out on the solid and solution-state samples. The triplet energy levels of Me(3)L, H(3)L, and H(2)L are 21?000, 22?700, and 23?000 cm(-1), respectively, which were determined from the phosphorescence spectra of their Gd(3+) complexes. The Me(3)L ligand is an effective sensitizer for Sm(3+) and Eu(3+) ions. Efficient luminescence of Sm(3+), Eu(3+), Tb(3+), and Dy(3+) ions was observed in complexes with the H(3)L and H(2)L ligands. Ligand modification by changing imidazole groups alters their triplet energy, and results in different sensitizing ability towards lanthanide ions.     

Spectrographic analysis of high purity manganese dioxide

The fluoride content of aqueous and organic Purex process solutions can be determined with good reproducibility and accuracy. The method includes a distillation separation of fluoride and its subsequent electrometric determination using a fluoride-selective electrode. The analytical range covers 5 to 500 μg of fluoride per aliquot and the concentration limit is 5×10^?5 M (1 ppm). Complexing cations like Al(III), Zr(IV), La(III), and U(VI) do not interfere.     

Luminescence of LnIII dithiocarbamate complexes (Ln = La, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy)

We have discovered room temperature photoluminescence in Sm3+ and Pr3+ dithiocarbamate complexes. Surprisingly, these complexes exhibit more intense emission than those of the Eu3+, Tb3+, and Dy3+ analogues. The electronic absorption, excitation, and emission spectra are reported for the complexes [Ln(S2CNR2)3L] and NH2Et2[Ln(S2CNEt2)4], where Ln = Sm, Pr; R = ethyl, ibutyl, benzyl; and L = 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-bipyridine, and 5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline. The lowest ligand-localized triplet energy level (T1) of the complexes are determined from the phosphorescence spectra of analogous La3+ and Gd3+ chelates. The luminescence decay curves were measured to determine the excited-state lifetimes for the Pr3+ and Sm3+ complexes. X-ray crystal structures of Sm(S2CNiBu2)3phen, Pr(S2CNEt2)3phen, and Pr(S2CNiBu2)3phen are also reported.     

Extractive chromatographic separation and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric determination of trace impurities in high purity europium oxide

An easily applicable separation method has been developed for the accurate and simultaneous determination of trace amounts of Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in high purity europium oxide by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) combined with extraction chromatography. Spectral interferences and europium matrix effects were examined. The chromatographic separation procedure was carried out with a di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP)-Levextrel resin as the stationary phase, which retained the matrix europium, and dilute nitric acid as the mobile phase, which eluted the analyte of interest. The effect of nitric acid concentration on the adsorption of europium and the analyte ions on the resin, the eluting behaviour of these elements on the chromatographic column, and the capacity of the resin for europium oxide were investigated. The quantitative limits for determination (10 sigma), based on a 0.5-g amount of europium oxide, are between 0.36 microg/g for Mn and 6.4 microg/g for Pb. The method was applied to two spiked samples and a high purity europium oxide certified reference material. Results were obtained for recoveries of 93.2-112% and precision of 4-13%, expressed as the relative standard deviation and excellent agreement with the certified value with a relative error of <4%.     

The use of photon activation analysis for the determination of Sm,Eu, Gd and Dy in boron carbide

An installation for photon activation analysis recently completed at CBNM, Geel, is described. Synthetic standards prepared from pure graphite are used for the non-destructive determination of lanthanides in boron carbide. The induced activities of¹⁵³Sm,^152mEu,¹⁵⁹Gd and¹⁵⁷Dy were measured using a single open-ended coaxial Ge(Li) detector and the photopeak areas were calculated using the GAFIT program. For the irradiation parameters used, the limits of detection are communicated. This paper has been presented at the 5th Symposium on the Recent Developments in Activation Analysis. 17th–21st July, 1978, St. Catherine's College, Oxford.     

The removal of Ce,Nd, Pr and La from Er,Dy, Gd,Eu and Sm by Anion exchange

An anion-exchange procedure with 35% 3.5 N nitric acid-65% methanol as eiuant has been developed for the removal of Ce, Nd, Pr and La from Er, Dy, Gd, Eu and Sm, at the trace concentration level.     

Die spektrochemische Bestimmung von Sm, Eu, Gd und Dy in Reaktorgraphiten

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

激光诱导导数荧光法测定铕,钐,铽和镝

以激光为荧光的激发光源极大地提高了检测灵敏度,以光学光谱分析仪(OSA)为探测器,具有灵敏度高、再现性好等优点,曾得到广泛的应用。 由于OSA系统中硅靶摄象管的暗电流随开机时间及环境温度而变化,使背景扣除困难,引起较大的误差,为了方便地消除暗电流的影响以及提高重叠荧光峰的分辨力,我们将OSA     

Syntheses, thermal stability, and structure determination of the novel isostructural RBa3B9O18 (R = Y, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb)

A novel borate compound YBa(3)B(9)O(18) has crystallized in a melt of BaYB(9)O(16). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that YBa(3)B(9)O(18) adopts a hexagonal space group P6(3)/m with cell parameters of a = 7.1761(6) A and c = 16.9657(6) A. The structure is made up of the planar B(3)O(6) groups parallel to each other along the (001) direction, regular YO(6) octahedra, and irregular BaO(6) and BaO(9) polyhedra to form an analogue structure of beta-BaB(2)O(4). A series of isostructural borate compounds RBa(3)B(9)O(18) (R = Y, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) were prepared by powder solid-state reactions. The DTA and TGA curves of YBaB(9)O(16) show an obvious weight loss at about 955 degrees C associated with a decomposition into YBO(3), B(2)O(3), and YBa(3)B(9)O(18) due to its incongruent melting behavior. The DTA and TGA curves of YBa(3)B(9)O(18) show that it is chemically stable and a congruent melting compound. A comparison of the structures of YBa(3)B(9)O(18) and beta-BaB(2)O(4) is presented.     

稀土电解质Ce0.9M0.1O2-δ(M=Pr,Nd,Sm,Gd,Dy)的制备与性能

用溶胶-凝胶法制备中温电解质材料Ce0．9M0.1O2-δ,(M=Pr，Nd，Sm，Gd，Dy)系列样品。X射线衍射分析表明，样品为单相立方萤石结构，晶胞体积随着M原子序数的增加而减小。高温阻抗测量表明样品Ce0．9M0.1O2-δ电导率最高。Ce0．9M0.1O2-δ系列样品随着M原子序数的增加热膨胀系数减小。