液相色谱-质谱在阿尔茨海默病研究中的应用

液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）作为集高效分离与定性定量检测为一体的联用技术,近年来在化学、医学、药学和生物化学等领域获得了长足的发展,特别是由科研领域拓展到临床诊断,开启了疾病诊断技术的新篇章。阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease,AD）,又称老年性痴呆症,是现代社会第四大致死疾病。随着我国人口的快速老龄化,重视对AD的防治是实现健康老龄化以及国民经济持续发展的重要保障之一。本文对LC-MS的新进展进行了简介,并详细综述了近3年来其在AD研究中的应用,以期相关方法获得更好的理解与更多的关注。     

基于气相色谱-质谱联用技术的血清氨基酸代谢谱在尿石症中的应用

建立了基于气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)的血清氨基酸检测平台,研究病例组(n=80,年龄(46.82±13.39)岁)和对照组(n=37,年龄(43.46±12.79)岁)的血清氨基酸代谢谱差异,运用多元统计分析模型,结合两样本t检验、逻辑回归分析、受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线筛选与尿石症相关差异氨基酸。该方法中目标氨基酸的线性相关系数(R²)均大于0.998 5,检出限(LOD)在0.1～4.0μmol/L之间。研究结果显示,通过血清氨基酸代谢谱能够很好地区分病例组和对照组,根据变量重要性投影(VIP)>1和p<0.05筛选出的5种差异氨基酸可作为尿石症的潜在生物标志物,其联合指标的诊断灵敏度达97.3%;其中,丝氨酸ROC曲线下面积(AUC)达0.819,具有较好的临床价值,有望辅助临床进行尿石症的早期筛查诊断。     

基于液相色谱-质谱联用技术的心肌缺血大鼠血清和心肌组织代谢组学

采用异丙肾上腺素诱导心肌缺血大鼠模型,使用液相色谱-质谱法检测血清和心肌中的内源性成分,应用软件对已鉴定的40余种目标成分进行靶向提取,用主成分分析(PCA)、有监督偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)对代谢组学数据进行多维度统计分析,筛选潜在生物标志物。与对照组相比,在心肌缺血模型组大鼠血清、组织中检测出18个差异代谢物,涉及精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢、谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸代谢、牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸代谢等多条代谢通路。代谢产物可作为心肌缺血研究中的重要标志物,该研究结果有助于揭示心肌缺血的发病机制,可为临床疾病诊断提供思路。     

质谱检测技术在火星探测中的应用

火星探测对人类寻找地外生命、探索行星产生和演化机制具有重要的科学意义.质谱技术已经在火星探测方面得到了实际应用,获得的数据正在改写着人类对火星的基本认识.本文综述了国内外质谱技术在火星探测任务中的应用现状,特别是我国学者的研究进展、存在问题和应对策略.     

气相色谱-质谱联用法在生物样品分析中的应用

概述了气相色谱-质谱技术在生物样品分析及药物测定中的应用.     

基于质谱的蛋白质组学技术在神经退行性疾病生物标志物研究中的应用

蛋白质组学是在整体水平上研究细胞、组织或生物体蛋白质组成及变化规律的科学.与传统的生物学研究相比,蛋白质组学具有快速、灵敏、高通量的优点.神经退行性疾病是一类由神经系统内特定神经细胞的进程性病变或丢失而导致神经功能障碍的疾病,严重危害人类健康.近年来,基于质谱的蛋白质组学技术在神经退行性疾病的研究中得到了广泛应用.本文简要介绍了蛋白质组学在样品分离、多肽定量、质谱检测及生物标志物临床验证等方面的技术发展,并结合实例综述了基于质谱的蛋白质组学在神经退行性疾病生物标志物发现与验证中的研究进展.     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术在PFOS类化合物检测中的应用

全氟辛基磺酸(PFOS)类化合物是一类新型的持久性有机污染物,所造成的污染已成为全球关注的问题.高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS)联用技术在痕量分析中的显著优势被广泛应用于PFOS类化合物的分析.论述了近年来HPLC-MS在检测环境、工业品、食品及生物中PFOS类化合物的应用现状.     

气相色谱-串联质谱技术在环境监测中的应用进展

气相色谱–串联质谱(GC–MS/MS)因其强抗干扰能力和高灵敏度的特性,在环境监测领域得到广泛应用。综述了近年来GC–MS/MS技术在环境监测中关于空气、水、土壤及沉积物中污染物检测工作中的应用,并对该方法的性能进行了评价;根据环境监测的特点和需求,对GC–MS/MS技术在环境检测中的应用进行了展望。     

液相色谱-质谱联用在兴奋剂检测中的应用及进展

液相色谱-质谱联用技术已越来越广泛地应用在兴奋剂的检测中,其中包括对各类小分子兴奋剂和肽类激素等的检测。本文综述了近年来液相色谱-质谱联用在兴奋剂检测中的筛选、确证和定量方面的应用及进展情况,并讨论了相关的检测标准。     

基于多级质谱的蛋白质组定量新方法新技术进展

定量蛋白质组学已经成为蛋白质组学的一个重要分支,以生物质谱为核心的定量蛋白质组方法日益发展。按照定量所依据的质谱信号来源于一级质谱谱图还是多级质谱谱图可以将定量蛋白质组方法分为一级质谱定量和多级质谱定量。本文主要综述基于多级质谱的定量方法和技术进展,分析比较了这些方法的优缺点,并对基于多级质谱的定量方法发展进行了展望。     

基于质谱的蛋白质组学技术在食品真伪鉴别及品质识别方面的应用

蛋白质组学作为后基因组时代的一个新研究方向,近几年发展迅速,目前已应用于多个领域,在食品品质检测和安全控制方面成为有力的研究工具。蛋白质组学为食品科学的相关研究打开了新思路,不仅可以鉴定蛋白质种类,还可进行蛋白质定量,为分析不同物种、产地、成熟阶段的食品蛋白质组分和含量提供了可能。蛋白质组学研究手段多样,质谱是常用技术之一。该文介绍了蛋白质组学的概念、分类、研究技术以及常见蛋白质数据库,综述了基于质谱的蛋白质组学技术在真伪鉴别和品质检测方面的应用,涉及海鲜、肉制品、奶制品、保健食品及高附加值食品等多种食品,并对蛋白质组学的发展进行了展望。     

Detection of amyloid-beta by Fmoc-KLVFF self-assembled fluorescent nanoparticles for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis

The abnormal aggregation of amyloid-beta(Aβ) has been widely believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alz heimer's disease(AD),which is also recognized as one of the main biomarkers for AD diagnosis.The peptide sequence Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe(KLVFF) is considered as the main driver of the fibrillation of Aβ,which also can be utilized to target Aβ and inhibit its aggregation.In this study,KLVFF and Fmoc-KLVFF fluorescent nanoparticles were self-assembled through zinc coordination and π-πstacking.The recognition of Aβ aggregates including oligomers and fibrils by fluorescent nanoparticles can be realized through aromatic,hydrophobic,and hydrogen-bond interactions.The fluorescent nanoprobes can distinguish Aβ aggregation formats and detect Aβ at the limit of 1 pg/mL(S/N=3).Hence,the detection of Aβ aggregates by fluorescent peptide nanoparticles has great potential for AD diagnosis and progression prediction.     

Advanced polymeric dendrimers in the management of Alzheimer's disease

In recent years, advanced polymeric dendrimers have emerged as a promising avenue for AD management. Dendrimers are highly branched, three-dimensional macromolecules with precise nanoarchitectures, making them ideal candidates for the delivery of therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools. Their unique properties, such as well-defined size, multifunctionality, and controlled surface chemistry, allow for the design of targeted and highly efficient drug delivery systems and diagnostic probes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential applications of advanced polymeric dendrimers in the management of Alzheimer's disease. We explored their role in drug delivery, diagnostics, and other therapeutic interventions for AD. Additionally, we will delve into the challenges and opportunities in utilizing dendrimers as a key player in the battle against this devastating disease. The review will begin by discussing the current state of Alzheimer's disease, including its pathological features, clinical manifestations, and existing treatment strategies. It will then transition to an in-depth examination of polymeric dendrimers, highlighting their structural characteristics, synthesis methods, and biocompatibility. Subsequently, the review will delve into the various ways in which dendrimers can be tailored for AD management, including drug encapsulation and delivery, enhanced blood–brain barrier penetration, and targeted diagnostic imaging. Furthermore, we explored the potential benefits of dendrimer-based therapies, such as improved drug efficacy, reduced side effects, and enhanced patient compliance. The review will also address the challenges associated with dendrimer-based approaches, including toxicity concerns, regulatory hurdles, and the need for rigorous clinical evaluation.     

基于挥发性组分的气相色谱指纹图谱评价沉香化气片质量

建立了沉香化气片的气相色谱指纹图谱,并结合化学模式识别评价20批沉香化气片的质量。乙醇超声提取20批沉香化气片的挥发性成分,以正十八烷为内标,分析了3个主要组分的含量,且以内标计算其他各组分的相对峰面积,建立了沉香化气片的气相色谱指纹图谱,确定了11个共有峰,得到了各批次样品的相似度,并通过气相色谱-质谱法和对照品比对对10个共有峰进行了指认。将获得的峰面积指纹图谱采用系统聚类分析和主成分分析进行化学模式识别研究,实现了不同批次沉香化气片的区分,发现了造成不同批次样品差异的主要标记物。该方法有效且综合性强,为科学评价与有效控制沉香化气片的质量提供了可靠的参考。     

Biosensors for the Determination of Amyloid-Beta Peptides and their Aggregates with Application to Alzheimer's Disease

Amyloid-beta peptides are believed to be promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Current Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis is based on the determination of amyloid-beta monomers and aggregates by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and mass spectrometry. These methods are reliable but are expensive, time-consuming, labor intensive, and relatively insensitive. Thus, new methods with low cost and high sensitivity, selectivity, and simplicity are desirable for amyloid-beta peptide detection. In this review, recent progress in the development of biosensors for amyloid-beta peptides and their aggregates are summarized, including surface plasmon resonance, localized surface plasmon resonance, electrochemistry, resonance light scattering, and dot-blot immunoassays. The challenges and perspectives inherent in the determination of these peptides are also addressed.     

Nanomaterials toward the treatment of Alzheimer's disease:Recent advances and future trends

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative condition and the most prevalent cause of dementia. This disease is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. The prevalence of AD is currently affecting more than 35 million people and is rising worldwide. No efficient therapy is currently available due to low drug potency and a number of various obstacles to delivery. Recent nanotechnological advancements have the potential to offer promising therapeutic options. Progress on nanomaterials as well as their applications in biomedicine is receiving increasing attention, especially the advantages of nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems. The aim of this review is to comprehensively summarize the latest developments in nanomaterial-based strategies for AD treatment, including nanoparticles, liposomes and other options for the delivery of therapeutic compounds and scaffolds for cell delivery strategies. Future research directions are also proposed. We hope this review can provide important information to guide the future development of nanomaterials in AD treatment.     

纳升级电喷雾离子源-四极杆-飞行时间质谱中磷酸化肽的离子抑制作用

目前磷酸化蛋白质组学研究中的主要技术是蛋白质酶解产生的磷酸化肽的质谱检测。但是实际样品中的磷酸化肽(特别是多磷酸化肽)很难被检测到。其原因普遍认为是由于质谱检测时,非磷酸化肽抑制磷酸化肽。但也有认为非磷酸化肽对磷酸化肽没有抑制作用。另外磷酸化肽之间是否存在离子抑制作用还没有报道。本文采用相同氨基酸序列的标准磷酸化肽和非磷酸化肽,将其单独和混合进行质谱检测,通过对比混合前后磷酸化肽的信号强度,证明了非磷酸化肽对磷酸化肽有离子抑制作用;单磷酸化肽对二磷酸化肽有一定的抑制作用,但不太显著;单磷酸化肽对三磷酸化肽、二磷酸化肽对三磷酸化肽均有显著的离子抑制作用。该研究为今后单磷酸化肽和多磷酸化肽的分段富集和检测提供了有力的证明。     

生物样品中神经递质的定量测定及其应用研究进展

神经递质（NTs）是神经传递的内源性化学信使，在大脑功能中发挥重要作用。中枢神经系统中神经递质浓度的变化与许多精神和生理疾病有关。神经递质的测定已成为疾病诊断和监测以及治疗干预的重要手段，有效的神经递质体内监测对于疾病诊疗乃至新药研发都至关重要。该文就近年来神经递质的检测方法，包括仪器检测法、电化学检测法以及一些新型检测方法等进行综述，并总结了目前神经递质检测在一些疾病研究中的应用进展。