Light scalars as tetraquarks: Decays and mixing with quarkonia

The tetraquark assignment for light scalar states below 1 GeV is discussed on the light of strong decays. The next-to-leading order in the large-N expansion for the strong decays is considered. Mixing with quarkonia states above 1 GeV is investigated within a chiral approach and the inclusion of finite-width effects is taken into account.     

Influence of strongly coupled,hidden scalars on Higgs signals

To investigate the possible effects of a light hidden sector on Higgs boson detection, we discuss a model of scalar singlets coupled to the Standard Model. The model effectively makes the Higgs width a free parameter due to additional invisible decay modes. This width can become arbitrarily large. Theoretical and experimental bounds on model parameters are presented. It is shown, how Standard Model predictions change and that in the case of large coupling, Higgs signals will be diluted. We study, to which extent such a strongly coupled, hidden sector can be excluded by present and future Higgs search experiments.     

Dark matter and non-newtonian gravity from general relativity coupled to a fluid of strings

An exact solution of Einstein's field equations for a point mass surrounded by a static, spherically symmetric fluid of strings is presented. The solution is singular at the origin. Near the string cloud limit there is a 1/r correction to Newton's force law. It is noted that at large distances and small accelerations, this law coincides with the phenomenological force law invented by Milgrom in order to explain the flat rotation curves of galaxies without introducing dark matter. When interpreted in the context of a cosmological model with a string fluid, the new solution naturally explains why the critical acceleration of Milgrom is of the same order of magnitude as the Hubble parameter.     

Conformally coupled scalars, instantons, and vacuum instability in 4D anti-de Sitter space

We show that a scalar field conformally coupled to AdS gravity in four dimensions with a quartic self-interaction can be embedded into M theory. The holographic effective potential is exactly calculated, allowing us to study nonperturbatively the stability of AdS4 in the presence of the conformally coupled scalar. It is shown that there exists a one-parameter family of conformal scalar boundary conditions for which the boundary theory has an unstable vacuum. In this case, the bulk theory has instanton solutions that mediate the decay of the AdS4 space. These results match nicely with the vacuum structure and the existence of instantons in an effective three-dimensional boundary model.     

Quantum routing of few photons using a nonlinear cavity coupled to two chiral waveguides

We investigate few-photon scattering properties in two one-dimensional waveguides chirally coupled to a nonlinear cavity. The quantum states of scattered few photons are solved analytically via a real-space approach, and the solution indicates the few-photon reflection and transmission properties. When inputting two photons of equal energy to resonate with the cavity, the propagation characteristics of the two photons will be interesting, which is different from the previous anti-bunching effects with a quantum emitter. More importantly, when the total energy of the two incident photons equals the energy of a nonlinear cavity accommodating two photons, influence of the bound state will become larger to result in disappearance of antibunching effect. However, the bound state has no effect on probability of routing to another waveguide.     

量子微腔中运动原子的辐射压力

利用全量子理论研究了量子微腔中运动原子的辐射压力. 从量子微腔与运动原子相互作用模型出发, 利用代数动力学方法对系统的哈密顿量进行规范变换, 推导出系统的时间演化算符和原子内态约化密度算符的表达式, 在此基础上给出辐射压力的解析解, 并讨论了驻波场和行波场中运动二能级原子和三能级原子的辐射压力, 数值结果与实验符合. 关键词： 量子微腔 运动原子 代数动力学 辐射压力     

Controlled generation of single photons from a strongly coupled atom-cavity system

We propose a new method for the generation of single photons. Our scheme will lead to the emission of one photon into a single mode of the radiation field in response to a trigger event. This photon is emitted from an atom strongly coupled to a high-finesse optical cavity, and the trigger is a classical light pulse. The device combines cavity-QED with an adiabatic transfer technique. We simulate this process numerically and show that it is possible to control the temporal behaviour of the photon emission probability by the shape and the detuning of the trigger pulse. An extension of the scheme with a reloading mechanism will allow one to emit a bit-stream of photons at a given rate. Received: 7 July 1999 / Revised version: 3 September 1999 / Published online: 20 October 1999     

Non-gravitating scalars and spacetime compactification

We discuss role of partially gravitating scalar fields, scalar fields whose energy–momentum tensors vanish for a subset of dimensions, in dynamical compactification of a given set of dimensions. We show that the resulting spacetime exhibits a factorizable geometry consisting of usual four-dimensional spacetime with full Poincaré invariance times a manifold of extra dimensions whose size and shape are determined by the scalar field dynamics. Depending on the strength of its coupling to the curvature scalar, the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the scalar field may or may not vanish. When its VEV is zero the higher-dimensional spacetime is completely flat and there is no compactification effect at all. On the other hand, when its VEV is nonzero the extra dimensions get spontaneously compactified. The compactification process is such that a bulk cosmological constant is utilized for curving the extra dimensions.     

Enhanced optical forces between coupled resonant metal nanoparticles

We investigate numerically the optical forces between noble metal nanoparticles sustaining localized surface plasmon resonances. Our results first point out enhanced binding optical forces compared with dielectric nanoparticles and nonresonant metallic nanoparticles. We also show that under suitable illumination conditions, short-range forces tend to make the nanoparticles cluster, leading to intense and localized hot spots in the interstices. This effect corroborates recent experimental observations of an enhanced Raman signal in trapped metal sphere ensembles.     

Cosmology withG and Λ coupling scalars

Cosmology with the gravitational and cosmological constants generalized as coupling scalars in Einstein's theory is considered. A general method of solving the field equations is given. Fifteen exact solutions for zero pressure models satisfyingG=G ₀(R/R ₀) ⁿ are given in the Appendix; they are briefly discussed.     

Cooperative emission of photons by weakly coupled chromium ions in YAG and LaAlO3

In YAG:Cr³⁺ and LaAlO₃:Cr³⁺ we have found cooperative emissions of one photon by two excited Cr³⁺ ions analogous to those recently observed by us in Al₂O₃:Cr³⁺. The vibronic sideband of this fluorescence confirms our earlier identification of the photons involved with the polar longitudinal optical modes of the host lattice. Fluorescence decay measurements again indicate radiationless decay processes of the doubly excited pair states leading to non-equilibrium R₂ emission. A fluorescence ²A₁→⁴A₂ of chromium ions in YAG has been detected for the first time.     

Higgs boson search significance deformations due to mixed-in scalars

The existence of exotic scalars that mix with the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson can affect Higgs boson phenomenology in a multitude of ways. We consider two light Higgs bosons with shared couplings to SM fields and with masses close to each other, in the range where the h→WW→lνlν$h\to WW\to l\nu l\nu$ is an important search channel. In this channel, we do not find the dilution of significance of the ‘SM-like’ Higgs boson that is naively expected because of the mixing. This is because of leakage of events from the other scalar into its signal region. Nevertheless, we show that the broadening of the h→WW→lνlν$h\to WW\to l\nu l\nu$ significance plots of Standard Model Higgs boson searches could indicate the first evidence of the extra scalar state.