Thermal properties of spray-coated geopolymer-type compositions

Thermal properties (DTA-TG and thermal expansion) of spray-coated fly ash-based geopolymer have been studied. The geopolymer composition selected for thermal spray coating had Si:Al = 3.3 and Na:Al = 1.45. To improve the fire resistant characteristics, fine- and coarse-milled vermiculite powder was added at 10 mass percent. Water:geopolymer ratios varied from 0.35 to 0.41 depending on vermiculite content and method of coating. Water added into a starting mixture to increase the flow ability also decreased the geopolymerisation reaction.     

Thermochemical and thermodynamical properties of some compounds in the system Ga−Sb−S

With help of literature data and some empirical methods the main thermochemical and thermodynamical properties were estimated for condensed GaSb, GaS, Ga₂S, Ga₂S₃, Ga₄S₅, Sb₂S₃ and for gaseous Ga₂S and SbS phases.     

Temperature dependence of the thermophysical properties of Bi1.5Sb0.5Te3

The thermophysical properties (thermal diffusivitya, specific heatC _p and thermal conductivity λ), of Bi_1.5Sb_0.5Te₃ were measured in the temperature range 300–700 K. The results showed that the contribution of the charge carriers to the thermal conduction is negligibly small in comparison with the contribution of phonons at high temperatures. On the other hand, the heat conduction due to the simultaneous thermal diffusion of electrons and holes is important as well as the lattice thermal conduction. The explanation of the results was supported by using electrical conductivity measurements and X-ray diffraction.     

Phase equilibrium in the Sb2Se3-Gd2Te3 system

The Sb₂Se₃-Gd₂Te₃ system was studied using differential thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, and microstructure examination. This is a quasi-binary system. Sb₂Se₃-based solubility at 300 K is 10 mol % Gd₂Te₃. The eutectic contains 20 mol % Gd₂Te₃ and melts at 760 K. One incongruently melting compound (870 K) of composition GdSbTe_1.5Se_1.5 was found in the system.     

Glass-forming ability in the GeSbTeSe quaternary system

The glass—forming regions in the quaternary system GeSbTeSe have been obtained for quenching in air and for a constant cooling rate of 5°C min^?1. The boundaries of the glass-forming regions and the thermal behaviour of the samples have been deduced from differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The results may be compared with some limited determinations of glass-forming ability in TeSe, GeTe, GeTeSe and GeSbSe systems, allowing for the fact that in the present work the experimental parameters for preparing and quenching the melts are identical for all the compositions studied. The formation and stability of glasses is discussed in terms of the obtained glass-forming regions and the observed thermal behaviour in differential thermal analysis measurements. Potential-device quality memory and switching compositions are suggested.     

Differences in partial thermodynamic functions of some sections of systems Tl−Ag−Te and Tl−Sb−Te

The EMF concentration cell method was applied to determine excess partial molar thermodynamic functions for some sections of the systems Tl?Ag?Te and Tl?Sb?Te. The presence of binary and ternary associates is assumed in Tl?Ag?Te solutions.     

Nanostructures versus solid solutions: low lattice thermal conductivity and enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit in Pb9.6Sb0.2Te10-xSex bulk materials

The series of Pb(9.6)Sb(0.2)Te(10)(-)(x)Se(x) compounds with different Se content (x) were prepared, and their structure was investigated at the atomic and nanosized regime level. Thermoelectric properties were measured in the temperature range from 300 to 700 K. The Pb(9.6)Sb(0.2)Te(10)(-)(x)Se(x) series was designed after the refinement of the single-crystal structure of Pb(3.82)Sb(0.12)Te(4) (Pb(9.6)Sb(0.3)Te(10); S.G. Pmm) by substituting isoelectronically in anion positions Te by Se. The Pb(9.6)Sb(0.2)Te(10)(-)(x)Se(x)() compounds show significantly lower lattice thermal conductivity (kappa(L)) compared to the well-known PbTe(1)(-)(x)Se(x) solid solutions. For Pb(9.6)Sb(0.2)Te(3)Se(7) (x = 7), a kappa(L) value as low as 0.40 W/m.K was determined at 700 K. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of several Pb(9.6)Sb(0.2)Te(10)(-)(x)Se(x) samples showed widely distributed Sb-rich nanocrystals in the samples which is the key feature for the strong reduction of the lattice thermal conductivity. The reduction of kappa(L) results in a significantly enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit of Pb(9.6)Sb(0.2)Te(10)(-)(x)Se(x) compared to the corresponding PbTe(1)(-)(x)Se(x) solid solution alloys. For Pb(9.6)Sb(0.2)Te(3)Se(7) (x = 7), a maximum figure of merit of ZT approximately 1.2 was obtained at approximately 650 K. This value is about 50% higher than that of the state-of-the-art n-type PbTe. The work provides experimental validation of the theoretical concept that embedded nanocrystals can promote strong scattering of acoustic phonons.     

Raman spectroscopy and structural properties of InxBi40−xSe60 system

In_xBi_40−xSe₆₀ (x = 1.6, 4.4, 7, 10 and 13.2) alloys were synthesized by melt-quenching technique. The X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy investigations confirm that the materials are in single phase. Archimedes method and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) have been used for density and chemical characterization of the obtained materials. Indium content dependences of different parameters such as the density (D), the compactness (δ), and the average coordination number (Z) have been investigated and discussed in light of chemical order network and topological models.     

Design in solid state chemistry based on phase homologies. Sb4Te3 and Sb8Te9 as new members of the series (Sb2Te3)m.(Sb2)n

Sb4Te3 and Sb8Te9 are members of the homology (Sb2Te3)m.(Sb2)n, with structures consisting of Sb2- and Sb2Te3-type slabs stacked along [001]; electrical conductivity and thermopower are reported for several members of this family.     

Glass forming region and some properties of the glasses from the system Se—Te—Ag

Summary The glass forming region in the system Se-Te-Ag was determined, the presence of glassy phases was proved by electron microscope and X-ray analysis. The properties of the synthesized glasses (vitrification temperature, microhardness, density, molar volume, light transmission and electrical conductivity) were investigated and discussed in terms of their composition.

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Glasbildungsgebiet und einige Eigenschaften der Gläser des Systems Se—Te—Ag

Zusammenfassung Es wurde das Glasbildungsgebiet im System Se-Te-Ag bestimmt. Der glasartige Zustand der erhaltenen Phasen wird auf Grund röntgenographischer und elektronenmikroskopischer Untersuchungen nachgewiesen. Die Eigenschaften der erhaltenen Gläser (Transformationstemperatur, Mikrohärte, Dichte, Molvolumina, Lichttransmission und elektrische Leitfähigkeit) wurden untersucht und im Zusammenhang mit ihrer Zusammensetzung diskutiert.

     

Synthesis and some properties of a new compound in the Al–Sb–V–O system

A new compound in the Al?CSb?CV?CO system of the composition AlSbVO₆ was successfully synthesized by a solid-state reaction and characterized by powder XRD diffraction. The structural and thermal properties of AlSbVO₆ were investigated. The infra-red spectrum of the new phase is presented.     

Thermal properties of pitch-polymer compositions and derived activated carbons

The evaluation of the possibilities to use coal-tar pitch modified with waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) or phenol?Cformaldehyde resin for the preparation of activated carbons was carried out. The measurement of thermal analysis (DSC), softening point, coking value, content of components insoluble in toluene and quinoline of pitch-polymer compositions were carried out. Coal-tar pitch and pitch-polymer compositions were carbonized and activated with steam at 800?°C to 50?% burn-off. For the obtained activated carbons the determination of thermal analysis (DSC), BET surface area on the basis of volumetric low-temperature adsorption of nitrogen, mesopore, and micropore volume from benzene adsorption/desorption isotherms (gravimetric McBain-Bakr method) were carried out.     

Amorphous structure and electronic properties of the Ge1Sb2Te4 phase change material

Ge1Sb2Te4 is one of the most commonly used phase change materials, due to the large optical and electrical contrast between a metastable crystalline phase and the amorphous phase. We use ab initio molecular dynamics to generate an amorphous Ge1Sb2Te4 structure. By analysing the distance distributions, we show that the structure can be analysed in terms of 21% of tetrahedrally coordinated Ge atoms and 79% of 3-fold Ge atoms. These are involved in distorted octahedral shells with bond length correlations that are similar to the a-GeTe structure as a consequence of a Peierls-distortion. The electronic properties are shown to be in reasonable agreement with the experiment with an electronic gap of 0.45 eV with. The optical conductivity curve is also in agreement with the experiment, with a maximal conductivity at an energy of ～3 eV.     

Ca-Sr-Cu-O系中若干化合物的组成和结构的研究

研究了Ca-Sr-Cu-O三元金属复合氧化物体系,发现了两个新化合物Sr~3Cu~5O~8~+~x和CaSrCu~3.O~5~+~x,两者都属正交晶系,前者a=3.950,b=11.479,c=13.420︿。后者a=6.489,b=11.280,c=12.240︿。文中给出了这两个化合物和SrCuO~2、Sr~2CuO~3的XRD谱。用碘量法测定了化合物中的氧含量。此外还发现了结构与SrCuO~2相似的固溶体Sr~0~.~5Ca~0~.~5CuO~2,也测定了它的XRD谱。     

Thermal properties and the structure of amorphous Sb2Se3 thin film

The amorphous Sb₂Se₃ film with a thickness ~0.9 µm was prepared by thermal evaporation and its composition was confirmed using an energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The amorphous state was checked by an X-ray diffraction analysis. The optical gap E _g ^opt was determined to be 1.32 eV. The glass transition temperature could not be found by either a differential scanning calorimetry or a thermomechanical analysis. The film was crystallized and characterized using the quasi-isothermal method. The temperature dependence of the isobaric heat capacity was raised monotonously and no drop over the course of the crystallization was observed. The temperature-modulated thermomechanical analysis determined a temperature T = 133 °C which can be assumed to be the temperature of the structural reorganization beginning. Raman spectra of amorphous Sb₂Se₃ revealed that the vibrations of both the amorphous and crystalline phase are close to one other. Raman scattering revealed that both the short and the medium-range order of amorphous and crystalline phases are similar.     

Crystal structures and thermal and electrical properties of the new silver (poly)chalcogenide halides Ag23Te12Cl and Ag23Te12Br

Two new silver (poly)chalcogenide halides, Ag23Te12Cl and Ag23Te12Br, were characterized by powder X-ray phase analysis, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and crystal structure determinations at various temperatures. Thermal analyses of both compounds and electrochemical measurements for the bromide completed the investigation. The compounds Ag23Te12X (X = Cl, Br) are isostructural and crystallize orthorhombically (space group Pnnm, Z = 4) as systematic twins. The lattice parameter values derived from X-ray powder data were a = 21.214(2) A, b = 21.218(2) A, c = 7.7086(7) A, and V = 3469.8(6) A (3) for Ag23Te12Cl at 293 K and a = 21.170(1) A, b = 21.170(1) A, c = 7.7458(5) A, and V = 3471.4(4) A (3) for Ag23Te12Br at 298 K. An enhanced silver ion mobility was revealed by impedance spectroscopy investigations. No phase transitions were observed in the temperature range 100-750 K. These two silver(I) (poly)chalcogenide halides are the second set of representatives of a new class of coinage-metal (poly)chalcogenide halides in which both covalently bonded [Te2](2-) dumbbells and ionically bonded Te(2-) anions appear.     

Structure and physical properties of 1D magnetic chalcogenide, jamesonite (FePb4Sb6S14)

Monoclinic FePb(4)Sb(6)S(14) phase, jamesonite, which is a candidate material as a S = 2 Haldane compound, has been synthesized by the direct reaction of elements under dry conditions with sealed evacuated quartz tubes. The congruent melting point was determined at 592 degrees C by DTA measurements. Shiny metallic gray needle crystals grow on the surface of bulk heated at 550 degrees C. The elongated direction of each needle crystal is parallel to the c-axis. The crystal structure refinement (P2(1)/a, a = 15.750(6) A, b = 19.125(3) A, c = 4.030(4) A, beta = 91.68(8) degrees, V = 1213(1) A(3), Z = 2, D(c) = 5.651 g/cm(3), R(1) = 3.16%) reveals the presence of two rod substructures elongated parallel to the c-axis. One is the lozenge-shaped Bi(2)Te(3)-type (or called SnS archetype), [Pb(4)Sb(6)S(13)]. The other is the novel single magnetic one-dimensional (1D) straight chain, [FeS(6)]. This compound shows intrinsic semiconductor behavior in the electric conductivity measurements. The optical band gap, 0.48 eV, is estimated by near-IR diffuse reflectance measurements. In the magnetic susceptibility measurements, this compound shows 1D-Heisenberg antiferromagnetic behavior with a broad peak at approximately 33.5 K, where Fe(2+) takes the high-spin state, t(2g)(4)e(g)(2). A possibility for the S = 2 Haldane system is discussed.     

Thermal properties of some precursor oxides of YBCO superconductor

The lattice parameters of BaCuO₂ and CuO were measured as a function of temperature from 10 to 300 K. The fitting of the parameters led to the thermal expansion coefficients and the anisotropy characteristics of the polycrystalline materials. The accuracy of these measurements is discussed, as is the use of thermal expansion measurements, even if not particularly accurate, with a view to calculation ofC _v fromC _p.

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Zusammenfassung Die Gitterparameter von BaCuO₂ and CuO wurden als eine Funktion der Temperatur zwischen 10 und 300 K bestimmt. Das Fitting der Parameter führte zu den thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten und der Anisotropieeigenschaften dieser polykristallinen Substanzen. Die Genauigkeit der Messungen und die Verwendung von—wenn auch nicht genauen—thermischen experimentellen Messungen zur Berechnung vonC _v ausC _p wird diskutiert.

     

Thermal properties of some metal chelates of di-isobutyldithiocarbamic acid

The thermal properties of some metal chelates of di-isobutyldithiocarbamic acid have been investigated in an inert atmosphere, with a view to applying them to gas chromatographic separation. In spite of the slight decomposition occurring during volatilization, most of the metal chelates may be successfully separated by gaschromatography on short nonpolar glass capillary or fused silica columns. There is no clear correlation between the gaschromatographic behaviour and the thermal stability of the metal chelates studied here.

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Zusammenfassung Die thermischen Eigenschaften einiger Metallchelate der Di-isobutyl-dithiocarbaminsäure wurden in einer inerten Atmosphäre hinsichtlich der Möglichkeiten ihrer gaschromatographischen Trennung untersucht. Trotz der während der Verflüchtigung eintretenden geringfügigen Zersetzung kann der grösste Teil der Metallchelate durch Gaschromatographie erfolgreich in kurzen nichtpolaren Glaskapillarkolonnen oder in mit geschmolzenem SiO₂ bedeckten Kolonnen getrennt werden. Es besteht keine eindeutige Korrelation zwischen dem gaschromatographischen Verhalten und der thermischen Stabilität der untersuchten Metallchelate.

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